Dynamic Vulnerability Assessment and Intelligent Control: For Sustainable Power Systems

436 Pages·2018·16.855 MB·English

by  José Luis Rueda-Torres (Editor), Francisco González-Longatt (Editor)

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DynamicVulnerability
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Dynamic Vulnerability Assessment and
Intelligent Control for Sustainable Power Systems
Editedby
ProfessorJoséLuisRueda-Torres
DelftUniversityofTechnology
TheNetherlands
ProfessorFranciscoGonzález-Longatt
LoughboroughUniversity
Leicestershire,UnitedKingdom
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2018
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Names:Rueda-Torres,JoséLuis,1980-author.|González-Longatt,Francisco,
1972-author.
Title:Dynamicvulnerabilityassessmentandintelligentcontrolfor
sustainablepowersystems/editedbyProfessorJoséLuisRueda-Torres,
ProfessorFranciscoGonzález-Longatt.
Description:Firstedition.|Hoboken,NJ:JohnWiley&Sons,2018.|
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.|
Identifiers:LCCN2017042787(print)|LCCN2017050856(ebook)|ISBN
9781119214977(pdf)|ISBN9781119214960(epub)|ISBN9781119214953
(cloth)
Subjects:LCSH:Electricpowerdistribution–Testing.|Smartpowergrids.
Classification:LCCTK3081(ebook)|LCCTK3081.D962018(print)|DDC
621.31/7–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017042787
CoverdesignbyWiley
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Contents
ListofContributors xv
Foreword xix
Preface xxi
1 Introduction:TheRoleofWideAreaMonitoringSystemsinDynamic
VulnerabilityAssessment 1
JaimeC.CepedaandJoséLuisRueda-Torres
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 PowerSystemVulnerability 2
1.2.1 VulnerabilityAssessment 2
(cid:2) 1.2.2 TimescaleofPowerSystemActionsandOperations 4 (cid:2)
1.3 PowerSystemVulnerabilitySymptoms 5
1.3.1 RotorAngleStability 6
1.3.1.1 TransientStability 6
1.3.1.2 OscillatoryStability 6
1.3.2 Short-TermVoltageStability 7
1.3.3 Short-TermFrequencyStability 7
1.3.4 Post-ContingencyOverloads 7
1.4 SynchronizedPhasorMeasurementTechnology 8
1.4.1 PhasorRepresentationofSinusoids 8
1.4.2 SynchronizedPhasors 9
1.4.3 PhasorMeasurementUnits(PMUs) 9
1.4.4 DiscreteFourierTransformandPhasorCalculation 10
1.4.5 WideAreaMonitoringSystems 10
1.4.6 WAMPACCommunicationTimeDelay 12
1.5 TheFundamentalRoleofWAMSinDynamicVulnerabilityAssessment 13
1.6 ConcludingRemarks 16
References 17
2 Steady-stateSecurity 21
EvelynHeylen,StevenDeBoeck,MartenOvaere,HakanErgun,andDirkVanHertem
2.1 PowerSystemReliabilityManagement:ACombinationofReliability
AssessmentandReliabilityControl 22
2.1.1 ReliabilityAssessment 23
2.1.2 ReliabilityControl 24
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2.1.2.1 CredibleandNon-CredibleContingencies 25
2.1.2.2 OperatingStateofthePowerSystem 25
2.1.2.3 SystemStateSpaceRepresentation 28
2.2 ReliabilityUnderVariousTimeframes 31
2.3 ReliabilityCriteria 33
2.4 ReliabilityandItsCostasaFunctionofUncertainty 34
2.4.1 ReliabilityCosts 34
2.4.2 InterruptionCosts 35
2.4.3 MinimizingtheSumofReliabilityandInterruptionCosts 36
2.5 Conclusion 37
References 38
3 ProbabilisticIndicatorsfortheAssessmentofReliabilityandSecurity
ofFuturePowerSystems 41
BartW.Tuinema,NikoletaKandalepa,andJoséLuisRueda-Torres
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 TimeHorizonsinthePlanningandOperationofPowerSystems 42
3.2.1 TimeHorizons 42
3.2.2 OverlappingandInteraction 42
3.2.3 RemedialActions 42
3.3 ReliabilityIndicators 45
3.3.1 Security-of-SupplyRelatedIndicators 45
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3.3.2 AdditionalIndicators 47
3.4 ReliabilityAnalysis 49
3.4.1 InputInformation 49
3.4.2 Pre-calculations 50
3.4.3 ReliabilityAnalysis 50
3.4.4 Output:ReliabilityIndicators 53
3.5 ApplicationExample:EHVUndergroundCables 53
3.5.1 InputParameters 54
3.5.2 ResultsofAnalysis 56
3.6 Conclusions 58
References 60
4 AnEnhancedWAMS-basedPowerSystemOscillationAnalysis
Approach 63
QingLiu,HassanBevrani,andYasunoriMitani
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 HHTMethod 65
4.2.1 EMD 65
4.2.2 HilbertTransform 65
4.2.3 HilbertSpectrumandHilbertMarginalSpectrum 66
4.2.4 HHTIssues 67
4.2.4.1 TheBoundaryEndEffect 69
4.2.4.2 ModeMixingandPseudo-IMFComponent 70
4.2.4.3 ParameterIdentification 71
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4.3 TheEnhancedHHTMethod 71
4.3.1 DataPre-treatmentProcessing 71
4.3.1.1 DCRemovalProcessing 72
4.3.1.2 DigitalBand-PassFilterAlgorithm 72
4.3.2 InhibitingtheBoundaryEndEffect 75
4.3.2.1 TheBoundaryEndEffectCausedbytheEMDAlgorithm 75
4.3.2.2 InhibitingtheBoundaryEndEffectsCausedbytheEMD 76
4.3.2.3 TheBoundaryEndEffectCausedbytheHilbertTransform 76
4.3.2.4 InhibitingtheBoundaryEndEffectCausedbytheHT 79
4.3.3 ParameterIdentification 80
4.4 EnhancedHHTMethodEvaluation 81
4.4.1 CaseI 81
4.4.2 CaseII 84
4.4.3 CaseIII 85
4.5 ApplicationtoRealWideAreaMeasurements 88
Summary 92
References 93
5 PatternRecognition-BasedApproachforDynamicVulnerability
StatusPrediction 95
JaimeC.Cepeda,JoséLuisRueda-Torres,DeliaG.Colomé,andIstvánErlich
5.1 Introduction 95
(cid:2) 5.2 Post-contingencyDynamicVulnerabilityRegions 96 (cid:2)
5.3 RecognitionofPost-contingencyDVRs 97
5.3.1 N-1ContingencyMonteCarloSimulation 98
5.3.2 Post-contingencyPatternRecognitionMethod 100
5.3.3 DefinitionofData-TimeWindows 103
5.3.4 IdentificationofPost-contingencyDVRs—CaseStudy 104
5.4 Real-TimeVulnerabilityStatusPrediction 109
5.4.1 SupportVectorClassifier(SVC)Training 112
5.4.2 SVCReal-TimeImplementation 113
5.5 ConcludingRemarks 115
References 115
6 PerformanceIndicator-BasedReal-TimeVulnerability
Assessment 119
JaimeC.Cepeda,JoséLuisRueda-Torres,DeliaG.Colomé,andIstvánErlich
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 OverviewoftheProposedVulnerabilityAssessmentMethodology 120
6.3 Real-TimeAreaCoherencyIdentification 122
6.3.1 AssociatedPMUCoherentAreas 122
6.4 TVFSVulnerabilityPerformanceIndicators 125
6.4.1 TransientStabilityIndex(TSI) 125
6.4.2 VoltageDeviationIndex(VDI) 128
6.4.3 FrequencyDeviationIndex(FDI) 131
6.4.4 AssessmentofTVFSSecurityLevelfortheIllustrativeExamples 131
6.4.5 CompleteTVFSReal-TimeVulnerabilityAssessment 133
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6.5 SlowerPhenomenaVulnerabilityPerformanceIndicators 137
6.5.1 OscillatoryIndex(OSI) 137
6.5.2 OverloadIndex(OVI) 141
6.6 ConcludingRemarks 145
References 145
7 ChallengesAheadRisk-BasedACOptimalPowerFlowUnder
UncertaintyforSmartSustainablePowerSystems 149
FlorinCapitanescu
7.1 ChapterOverview 149
7.2 Conventional(Deterministic)ACOptimalPowerFlow(OPF) 150
7.2.1 Introduction 150
7.2.2 AbstractMathematicalFormulationoftheOPFProblem 150
7.2.3 OPFSolutionviaInterior-PointMethod 151
7.2.3.1 ObtainingtheOptimalityConditionsInIPM 151
7.2.3.2 TheBasicPrimalDualAlgorithm 152
7.2.4 IllustrativeExample 154
7.2.4.1 DescriptionoftheTestSystem 154
7.2.4.2 DetailedFormulationoftheOPFProblem 155
7.2.4.3 AnalysisofVariousOperatingModes 156
7.2.4.4 IterativeOPFMethodology 157
7.3 Risk-BasedOPF 158
(cid:2) 7.3.1 MotivationandPrinciple 158 (cid:2)
7.3.2 Risk-BasedOPFProblemFormulation 159
7.3.3 IllustrativeExample 160
7.3.3.1 DetailedFormulationoftheRB-OPFProblem 160
7.3.3.2 NumericalResults 161
7.4 OPFUnderUncertainty 162
7.4.1 MotivationandPotentialApproaches 162
7.4.2 RobustOptimizationFramework 162
7.4.3 MethodologyforSolvingtheR-OPFProblem 163
7.4.4 IllustrativeExample 164
7.4.4.1 DetailedFormulationoftheWorstUncertaintyPatternComputationWith
RespecttoaContingency 164
7.4.4.2 DetailedFormulationoftheOPFtoCheckFeasibilityinthePresenceof
CorrectiveActions 166
7.4.4.3 DetailedFormulationoftheR-OPFRelaxation 166
7.4.4.4 NumericalResults 168
7.5 AdvancedIssuesandOutlook 169
7.5.1 ConventionalOPF 169
7.5.1.1 OverallOPFSolutionMethodology 169
7.5.1.2 CoreOptimizers:ClassicalMethodsVersusConvexRelaxations 171
7.5.2 BeyondtheScopeofConventionalOPF:Risk,Uncertainty,Smarter
SustainableGrid 172
References 173
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8 ModelingPreventiveandCorrectiveActionsUsingLinear
Formulation 177
TomVanAckerandDirkVanHertem
8.1 Introduction 177
8.2 SecurityConstrainedOPF 178
8.3 AvailableControlActionsinACPowerSystems 178
8.3.1 GeneratorRedispatch 179
8.3.2 LoadSheddingandDemandSideManagement 179
8.3.3 PhaseShiftingTransformer 179
8.3.4 SwitchingActions 180
8.3.5 ReactivePowerManagement 180
8.3.6 SpecialProtectionSchemes 180
8.4 LinearImplementationofControlActionsinaSCOPFEnvironment 180
8.4.1 GeneratorRedispatch 181
8.4.2 LoadSheddingandDemandSideManagement 182
8.4.3 PhaseShiftingTransformer 183
8.4.4 Switching 184
8.5 CaseStudyofPreventiveandCorrectiveActions 185
8.5.1 CaseStudy1:GeneratorRedispatchandLoadShedding(CS1) 186
8.5.2 CaseStudy2:GeneratorRedispatch,LoadSheddingandPST(CS2) 187
8.5.3 CaseStudy3:GeneratorRedispatch,LoadSheddingandSwitching
(CS3) 190
(cid:2) 8.6 Conclusions 191 (cid:2)
References 191
9 Model-basedPredictiveControlforDampingElectromechanical
OscillationsinPowerSystems 193
DaWang
9.1 Introduction 193
9.2 MPCBasicTheory&DampingControllerModels 194
9.2.1 WhatisMPC? 194
9.2.2 DampingControllerModels 196
9.3 MPCforDampingOscillations 198
9.3.1 OutlineofIdea 198
9.3.2 MathematicalFormulation 199
9.3.3 ProposedControlSchemes 200
9.3.3.1 CentralizedMPC 200
9.3.3.2 DecentralizedMPC 200
9.3.3.3 HierarchicalMPC 202
9.4 TestSystem&SimulationSetting 204
9.5 PerformanceAnalysisofMPCSchemes 204
9.5.1 CentralizedMPC 204
9.5.1.1 BasicResultsinIdealConditions 204
9.5.1.2 ResultsConsideringStateEstimationErrors 206
9.5.1.3 ConsiderationofControlDelays 208
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9.5.2 DistributedMPC 209
9.5.3 HierarchicalMPC 209
9.6 ConclusionsandDiscussions 213
References 214
10 VoltageStabilityEnhancementbyComputationalIntelligence
Methods 217
WorawatNakawiro
10.1 Introduction 217
10.2 TheoreticalBackground 218
10.2.1 VoltageStabilityAssessment 218
10.2.2 SensitivityAnalysis 219
10.2.3 OptimalPowerFlow 220
10.2.4 ArtificialNeuralNetwork 220
10.2.5 AntColonyOptimisation 221
10.3 TestPowerSystem 223
10.4 Example1:PreventiveMeasure 224
10.4.1 ProblemStatement 224
10.4.2 SimulationResults 225
10.5 Example2:CorrectiveMeasure 226
10.5.1 ProblemStatement 226
10.5.2 SimulationResults 227
(cid:2) 10.6 Conclusions 229 (cid:2)
References 230
11 Knowledge-BasedPrimaryandOptimization-BasedSecondary
ControlofMulti-terminalHVDCGrids 233
AdedotunJ.Agbemuko,MarioNdreko,MarjanPopov,JoséLuisRueda-Torres,and
MartA.M.MvanderMeijden
11.1 Introduction 234
11.2 ConventionalControlSchemesinHV-MTDCGrids 234
11.3 PrinciplesofFuzzy-BasedControl 236
11.4 ImplementationoftheKnowledge-BasedPower-VoltageDroopControl
Strategy 236
11.4.1 ControlSchemeforPrimaryandSecondaryPower-VoltageControl 237
11.4.2 Input/OutputVariables 238
11.4.2.1 MembershipFunctionsandLinguisticTerms 239
11.4.3 KnowledgeBaseandInferenceEngine 241
11.4.4 DefuzzificationandOutput 241
11.5 Optimization-BasedSecondaryControlStrategy 242
11.5.1 FitnessFunction 242
11.5.2 Constraints 244
11.6 SimulationResults 245
11.6.1 SetPointChange 245
11.6.2 ConstantlyChangingReferenceSetPoints 246
11.6.3 SuddenDisconnectionofWindFarmforUndefinedPeriod 246
11.6.4 PermanentOutageofVSC3 247
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