Description:In the wake of US atomic attacks against Hiroshima and Nagasaki and a Soviet ground invasion of Manchuria, World War II ended with an unconditional Japanese surrender on 15 August 1945. From an Australian perspective, the following five years was a period of increasing uncertainty in the Asia-Pacific region, marked by ever-increasing Cold War tensions. In this context, there was bipartisan support for the idea of robust military forces for Australia, but from the beginning, postwar defence planning faced a significant dilemma. Australias defence policy was based on supplying volunteer expeditionary forces to meet British imperial needs. Troops had left Australian shores for Sudan, South Africa and the various battlefields of World War I under such circumstances. Initial Australian deployments to the Middle East and Mediterranean in World War II were made, despite some domestic misgivings, in response to strategic priorities set in Whitehall. DEPOSITили