Dutch Studies: An annual review of the language, literature and life of the Low Countries Volume 2 PDF
Preview Dutch Studies: An annual review of the language, literature and life of the Low Countries Volume 2
DUTCH STUDIES DUTCH STUDIES An annual review of the language, literature and life of the Low Countries EDITORS P. Brachin, Sorbonne; J. Goossens, Munster, Louvain; P. K. King, Cam bridge; J. de Rooij, Amsterdam (secretary). ADVISORY BOARD Walter Thys, Lille, Ghent (chairman); F. van Coetsem, Cornell; E. Erametsa, Jyvaskyla; W. Gobbers, Antwerp; R. P. Meijer, London; N. Morciniec, Wroclaw; N. de Paepe, Louvain; P. Ramat, Pavia; G. J. Resink, Indonesia; M. Rutten, Liege; H. Schultink, Utrecht; William Z. Shetter, Indiana; Jc. Smit, Melbourne; W. A. P. Smit, Utrecht; M. de Villiers, Stellenbosch; J. Weisgerber, Brussels; Charles Wilson, Cam bridge; C. A. Zaalberg, Leiden. Dutch studies is published under the auspices of the International Association for Dutch Studies (IVN), c/o NUFFIC, Molenstraat 27, the Hague, the Netherlands. The Belgian address is c/o Seminarie voor Vergelijkend Literatuuronderzoek, Faculteit van de Letteren en Wijsbegeerte, RUG, Blandijnberg 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. DUTCH STUDIES An annual review oft he language, literature and life of the Low Countries VOLUME 2 • MARTINUS NIJHOFF / THE HAGUE / 1976 © 1976 by M artinus Nijhoff, The Hague. the Netherlands A II rights reserved. including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form ISBN-13: 978-90-247-1770-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-011-6798-7 001: 10.1007/978-94-011-6798-7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial Statement vii LINGUISTICS Applied Linguistics in the Seventeenth Century, and the Dutch Grammar of Willem Beyer, 1661, 1681 , John Gledhill 1 The Dutch Dictionary, Nienke Bakker 18 Spelling and Spelling Reform in the Netherlands, B. C. Damsteegt 28 LITERATURE James Joyce's Impact on Simon Vestdijk's Early Fiction, Joris Duytschaever 48 HISTORY The Historical Force of the Flemish Movement in Belgium Past Aims, Present Achievements and Future Cultural Aspirations, J. Fleerackers 75 REVIEWS The Series Naarde letter, Nos. 1-5 by J. J. Th. M. Tersteeg 87 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bibliographical Aids in Dutch Language Studies, C. van Bree 110 Deutschsprachige Publikationen zur niederHindischen Sprachwissenschaft, 1962-1971, A. J. Welschen 143 Publications on Dutch Language and Literature in Languages other than Dutch, 1972-1973 (with additions to 1971), W. Gobbers 173 The Authors 231 EDITORIAL STATEMENT A particularly nettlish problem in talking or writing about the "language, literature and life of the Low Countries" is raised by the terminology. On the first page of the first volume we stated that "Dutch is the name of the language spoken throughout the Netherlands and the northern half of Belgium". We might have written "Netherlandic is the name of the language spoken throughout Holland and Flanders", and there are indeed a number of tenable arguments in favour of this formulation. Should we then leave it to individual authors and translators to decide which terms they use, and assume that their exact meaning will emerge from the context? The editors would say no to both these questions. Dutch studies is, after all, offered to readers who have a general rather than a specialized interest in Dutch language and literature; otherwise we would have published the Yearbook in Dutch. Since we are not doing so, we must adopt a ter minology in English - to confine ourselves to that language at this stage - that is unequivocal. In the first volume we accepted a number of ad hoc solutions which, due to circumstances which need not concern us here, were not consistently applied, and which in any case led to such inelegant periphrases as "the Dutch language area in Europe" and "the Netherlands and northern half of Belgium". So it seems desirable to establish in this second volume an unambiguous and practicable terminology which will in future be used in the English translations and will, we hope, be adopted by English-writing contributors. Our rationale for the terms we now propose is followed by a schematic summary for the reader's reference. For what native speakers call Nederlands we use the term "Dutch". This description undoubtedly has disadvantages. Many, probably most, VIII Editorial statement English speakers think that Dutch is spoken only in the country whose capital is Amsterdam (and the Germanic language spoken in Belgium is then called "Flemish"), while non-English speakers will tend to confuse "Dutch" with "Deutsch" (German). To meet these objections the term "Netherlandic" was introduced twenty years ago, and this has gained popularity, particularly in the United States. The editors of Dutch studies, however, consider that "Netherlandic" is no improvement on "Dutch". In the first place the former term is a barbarism in English and in addition its association with "the Netherlands" (the official English name for the country whose capital is Amsterdam) gives no indication that it includes a language also spoken in Belgium. In itself "Dutch" is a very appropriate name for a language spoken in more than one country, since its original meaning was "the vernacular" (called Diets or Duuts in the Low Countries in the Middle Ages to dis tinguish it from the Latin of the church and the French of the court). Moreover since, unlike Deutsch and Deutschland, there is no "Dutchland" association with "Dutch", this name has no national or geographical implications. "The country whose capital is Amsterdam" as we have twice described it, is called "the Netherlands" in official English. In Dutch we can render this English term as Nederland (singular), the name of the modern state, or as de Nederlanden (plural), the historical name of the Low Countries before the emergence of Nederland and Belgium as such, a name still used to denote the whole Dutch-speaking area. In Dutch studies we shall use "the Netherlands" in the same sense as de Nederlanden, to denote the whole of Nederland and the area of Belgium where Dutch is spoken. Another term must therefore be found for the name Nederland. In a historical context "the northern Netherlands" (de Noordelijke Nederlanden) is appropriate; for the modern state "Holland" seel1)S an obvious choice. This name, though it is undoubtedly more widely known than the Netherlands, die Niederlande, les Pays Bas etc., has however one great drawback: it is in origin and also to this day the name of just two provinces in the West of the country, Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland, collectively referred to as Holland. Inhabitants of other provinces can therefore rightly claim that they are Nederlanders but not Hollanders, and it is significant in this respect that "Holland" is never used for the whole country in any official usage. But for the sake of a highly desirable distinction between "the Netherlands" = de Nederlanden and "Holland" = Nederland we shall make this somewhat unorthodox use of "Holland" in Dutch studies. When Holland is to be taken in the narrower sense, we Editorial statement IX shall refer to "the provinces of Holland", unless this is obvious from the context. In the Southern part of the Dutch language area the same con siderations apply. The Dutch-speaking part of Belgium is called "the Southern Netherlands" or "Flanders". But "Flanders", Vlaanderen in Dutch, is also the name of two western provinces, West-Vlaanderen and Oost-Vlaanderen, which will be referred to in Dutch studies as "the provinces of Flanders". In Belgium the name Vlaanderen is very widely used for the whole Dutch-speaking area, and the two Western provinces are sometimes referred to as de Vlaanders. Articles specifically on the Dutch language may require terms denoting the variant forms of this language. If the Dutch spoken in Holland has to be distinguished from that spoken in Flanders, then Dutch studies will 'refer to "Northern Dutch" in contrast to "Southern Dutch" or "Flemish". The dialects in the provinces of Holland and the provinces of Flanders will be denoted by Dutch terms: "Hollands" and "Vlaams" respectively, and this practice will apply to the other dialects, "Gronings", "Brabants", "Limburgs" etc. Language names can be used as adjectives as well as nouns: Dutch literature, the Flemish novel etc. These adjectives, or words used as adjec tives, may however also have the meaning "pertaining to a certain area". In that case, the sense "pertaining to the Netherlands" will be represented by "Netherlandish" (the Netherlandish culture,folklore etc.). Ifin such a text a distinction has to be made between North and South, the adjectives "Northern" and "Southern" will be added. In non-contrastive usage, "pertaining to Flanders" will be represented by "Flemish" and "pertaining to Holland" by "Dutch". The latter description is dictated by normal usage. An article on religious life in Holland would inevitably refer to e.g. the Dutch Catholics. In this context "Northern" would be very artificial and would readily lead to misunderstanding, since it suggests a North-South contrast inside Holland, which, indeed, might also need to be expressed in such a text. This variable use of the word "Dutch" does, however, mean that "Dutch" in Dutch literature (= "literature of Dutch") has not the same meaning as in Dutch painting (= "painting by Dutchmen"). But this usage is consistent and justifiable: Dutch literature consists of all literary work in the Dutch language, whatever the nation ality of the author; Dutch painting is the aggregate of works painted by Dutchmen. The previous word brings us to our last terminological category, covering the names of the inhabitants of a particular area. An inhabitant x Editorial statement of Holland is a "Dutchman" in normal English usage, and this is the word that will be used in Dutch studies; and the inhabitant of Flanders will be called a "Fleming". For reference to (all) the inhabitant(s) of the Netherlands (the whole Dutch-speaking area) the term "Netherlander(s)" will be used, with the possible further distinction between "Northern" and "Southern Netherlanders". The inhabitant(s) of the provinces of Holland will be referred to as "Hollander(s)", and of the provinces of Flanders as "Vlaming(en)". The editors : » n g(e s); s); min er( er( d d a n n Inhabitants (Nederlander(s)!VlNetherlander(s) (Nederlander(s»; Northern NetherlaDutch(man) (Vlaming(en»; Southern NetherlaFleming(s) (Hollander(s»: Hollander(s) (Vlaming(en»: Vlaming(en) 4. a. b. c. d. e. ; ) s d n a Y "Pertaining to the area" (Nederlands); Netherlandish «Noord)nederlNorthern; Dutch (Vlaams); Southern; Flemish (Hollands); Hollands (Vlaams); Vlaams AR 3. a. b. c. d. e. SCHEMATIC SUMM Language and variants (Nederlands); Dutch (Noordnederlands); Northern Dutch (Zuidnederlands); Southern Dutch (Hollands); Hollands (Vlaams); Vlaams 2. a. b. c. d. e. ; ) en m Areas (de NederlandThe Dutch language area the Netherlands The country whose capital is Amsterda(Nederland); the Northern Netherlands; Holland The Dutch speaking part of Belgium (V laanderen); the Southern Netherlands; Flanders The western provinces of Holland (Holland Noord-Holland and = Zuid-Holland); the provinces of Holland The western provinces of Flanders West (Vlaanderen ('de Vlaanders') = Vlaanderen Oost-Vlaanderen); and of Flanders the provinces The Dutch terms are italicized. 1. a. b. c. d. e.
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