Durum Wheat

76 Pages·2015·1.61 MB·English

Enhancing the
Sustainability of Global
Durum Wheat Production
Karim Ammar
Head, Durum Wheat & Triticale Breeding
Global Wheat Program, CIMMYT-Mexico
CIMMYT
Mission
 Wheat & Maize Genetic Improvement
■ Spring Wheat: Mexico, Winter Wheat: Turkey
■ Maize: Decentralized (Africa, India)
 Wheat & Maize-based Systems Agronomy
■ Input-saving technologies, Conservation
Agriculture, Precision Agriculture
 Curator of Wheat & Maize Genetic Resources
■ > 140,000 accessions of wheat & wild relatives
 Wheat & Maize-related Capacity Enhancement
■ Practical training, graduate studies, visiting scientists
CIMMYT Spring Wheat Breeding
General Scheme & Outlet = International Nurseries
Crossing
Selection
Evaluation of fixed lines in Mexico
Distribution of improved
germplasm:
International Nurseries
National Programs
Use in crosses
Local /
Direct release Regional Private Companies
Selection
Use in research
Research Institutions
CIMMYT Spring Wheat Breeding
Global Impact … And Responsibility
> 40% area, spring types Winter types
< 40% area, spring types
CIMMYT Spring Wheat Breeding
Reasons for global success: a program with “eyes” worldwide
Crossing
Selection
Evaluation of fixed lines in Mexico
Distribution of improved germplasm through IWIN
Collection and interpretation of
multi-location data
IWIN
CIMMYT Spring Wheat Breeding
Reasons for global success: Wide-adaptation through “Shuttle-Breeding”
Summer Cycle: F , F , F
2 4 6
Obregon
Toluca/El Batan
Longitude: 109° 54´ W
(18.5oN, 2600 masl)
Latitude: 27° 21´ N
May - October. Altitude: 40 masl
Rainfed, High Rainfal
Diseases: Yellow Rust,
Septoria, Fusarium
Photoperiod: Decreasing
Soils: +/- acid Winter Cycle: Obregón
(28oN, 35 masl)
November - May.
Irrigated + simulated drought
Diseases: Leaf Rust
Photoperiod: Increasing
Toluca Soils: +/- alkaline
Longitude: 99° 33´ W
Latitude: 19° 13´ N
Altitude: 2640 masl
F , F
3 5
CIMMYT Spring Wheat Breeding
Reasons for global success: Reliable and relevant phenotyping conditions
Obregón Egypt India Pakistan Iran

1 1 1 1 1
2 2 4 2 2
3 7 3 3 3
4 4 2 4 4
5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6
7 3 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
50 50 50 50 50
 Yield Potential: Predicts ranking of
performances in other important
environments worldwide
Durum Wheat Worldwide
Globally minor, locally major
% Area % Production
7.6% 5.4%
Bread Wheat Durum Wheat
Source: International Grains Council, 2013
Durum Wheat Worldwide
Globally minor, locally major
o
M orocc Algeria Tunisia Lybia Syria Jordan Italy Spain M exico
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Bread Wheat Durum Wheat
Durum Wheat Worldwide
Area Sown (average of last 10 years): 16.9 Million Ha.
Area Area
Country x1000 ha. Country x1000 ha.
Kazakhstan 2280 France 429
Canada 1970 Mexico 311
Turkey 1670 China 305
Italy 1417 Australia 258
Algeria 1264 Ethiopia 248
Morocco 982 Afghanistan 194
United States 933 Iran 175
Syria 901 Pakistan 126
India (?) 693 Iraq 107
Tunisia (?) 669 Argentina 89
Spain 635 Saudi Arabia 65
Russia 610 Egypt 46
Greece 488 Chile 13
Source: International Grains Council, 2013