Dung Beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) of Thailand : Part 2, Genus Onitis

14 Pages·2000·17.6 MB·English

by  Hanboonsong, Y

Elyt''a,To(kyo,28(1):101-114,Mayl5,2000
DungBeetles(Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae)ofThailand
Part2,GenusOnitis
YupaHANB00NSONG
FacultyofAgriculture,KhonKaenUniversity,
KhonKaon,40002Thailand
and
KimioMAsUMoTo
InstituteofHumanLivingSciences,0tsumaWomen'sUniversity,
12Sanbancho,Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo,102-8357Japan
Abstract InthesecondpartofthepresentstudyontheThaidungbeetles, the
genusOnitisistakenup.EightspeciesareidentifiedfromThailand,aspeciesofthem
beingnewlyrecorded.Besides,twosynonymsareproposed: 0nitiskiuchiiMAsUMoTo,
synnov.(=0.falcatus(WULFEN)),and0.chiangmaiensisMAsUMoTo,synnov.(=0.e)c-
cavatus(ARROW)).AkeytoallthespeciesdistributedinThailandandexplanatorypho-
tographsarealsoprovided.
ThisisthesecondpartofthestudyonthedungbeetlesfromThailandanddeals
withthegenusOnitis.
AccordingtoCAMBEFoRT(1988),124speciesofthegenusareknownfromAfrica
andAsia,and24speciesaredistributedinAsia.PAuLIAN(1945)mentioned“Siam”as
oneof thedistributional areas of Onlt1‘svirens LANsBERGE, 1875, and BALTHAsAR
(1963)alsomentionedthisareaasthatofOnltissubopacusARROW,1931.MAsUMoTo
(1987)recordedthreeOnltisspecies, 0.nigerLANsBERGE, l875,0.fatcatus(WULFEN,
1786), and 0. subopacus ARROW, 1931, andhe (1988) also recorded 0n1'tis feae
FELscHE,1907,each fromNorthThailand.Later,he(1996)describedtwospecies, 0.
加chzzand 0. chz'angmafensls fromthesamearea. Recently, HANB00NsoNGetaf.
(1999) recorded three known species, 0. bordat1CAMBEFoRT, 1988, 0. excavatus
ARROW, 1931, and 0. vlrens LANsBERGE, 1875, and3undetermined species from
NortheastThailand.
LANsBERGE(1875) published the “Monograph desOnitides”, and JANssENs
(1937)alsopublishedthe“RevisiondesOnitides”.Bothareuseful fordeterminingthe
onitidbeetles,butdifficultystillremainsforidentifyingsomespecies,whicharewide-
spreadinEastAsiaandshowlocalandindividualvariations.
102 YupaHANBooNsoNGandKimioMAsUMoTo
Thepresent authorshavere-examinedall theThai materials,morethan3,000
specimensintotal, inthecollectionsofKhonKaenUniversity,theInsectMuseumat
theDepartmentofAgriculture,Bangkok,andtheMAsUMoTocollectionatYokohama,
and theresult obtainedwill beenumeratedinthepresent paper. Thespeciestobe
newlyrecordedfromThailandisindicatedwithanasterisk.
Beforegoingintofurtherdetails,theauthorswouldliketoacknowledgethegrant
receivedfromtheThailandBiodiversityResearchandTrainingProgramme.Theyalso
thankDr.AngoonLEw'vANIcHintheInsectMuseumattheDepartmentofAgriculture,
Bangkok, forarrangingaccesstothecollectionofdungbeetlesandforusingfacilities.
DeepindebtednessshouldbeexpressedtoMr.MalcolmKERLEY,theNaturalHistory
Museum,London, for loaningthetypespecimen.TheyalsothankDr.YvesCAMBE-
FoRT,MuseumNationald'HistoireNature11e,Paris, forpermissiontoexaminethetype
specimensunderhiscare. AppreciationshouldbeexpressedtoDr. MakotoKlucHl,
NationalInstituteofSericulturalandEntomologicalScience, fortakingmanyexcellent
photographsinsertedin thispartandgivingtheminvaluableadvice,andalsotoMr.
TeruoOcHI,OsakaPrefecture,andDr.RowanM.EMBERsoN,LincolnUniversity,New
Zealan forgivingthemusefulcommentconcerningtheAsianOnitisspecies.
SystematicPositionoftheGenusOnl'fis
ARROW(1931)placedthegenusOnltisFABR1clUsinthetribeCopriniofthesub-
familyCoprinae.PAuLIAN(l945)regardedthisgenusasamemberofthetribeCoprjnj
ofthesubfamilyScarabaeinae.BALT;HAsAR(1963)treatedthisgenusasamemberof
thetribeOnitiniinthesubfamilyCoprinae.0cHl,KoNandKIKUTA(1996)placedthjs
genusintheOnitiniofthesubfamilyCoprinae.
GenusOnl'fisFABRIcIUs.1798
OnltisFABRICIUS,l798,Ent.Syst.,Suppl.,2.Typespecies:Seal・abaeusimulsFABRlc1Us.
General features. Body rather oblong; mostly moderately convex; medium_
sizedforthemembersofthetribe;dorsalsurfaceglabrous.
Headnotverybroad;clypeuswithmarginroundedoralittleexcisedat themjd_
die;genaeunitedbycarinatesutureswithclypeus.Antennae9-segmented,alltheseg_
mentSexceptthebasaloneveryshort,clubcompactwiththefirstsegmentcup_shaped,
Smoothandchitinous,enclosingthesucceedingsegment,whichisspongyintexture
togetherwiththeterminalone.
P「onOtumwithoutprocessorexcavation;basealittleprominentatthemjddle,
usuallywithoutcompletemargin,butwithapitor impressiononeachsjdenear the
middle.Scutellumvisiblebutminute.
Elyt「a le-Striate thoughthe8thto9thstriaearenotclearinsomespecjes,wjtha
St「onglyraisedcarinacontinuoustothe8thstria;epipleurasimpleandnarrow,thede_
limitingcarinaeverystronglymarkedandratherstraight.
DungBeetlesofThailan 2 103
Procoxaeveryprominent;mesocoxae1ong,parallelandfarapart.Abdomencom-
pletelycoveredwithelytra,withacontinuouscarinaaroundthesidesandpygidium.
Except for frontonesinmale,legsstoutandnotlong;protibiaewithfourexternal
teeth;meso-andmetatibiaestronglydilatedateachapex;protarsiabsent;meso-and
metatarsiwithprogressivelydiminishingsegments, thebasalonesmorethantwiceas
longas2nd.
Male. Front legsmoreor lesselongate;pro-,meso-andmetafemora,orsome
ofthem,mostly toothedat theedge,ormetatrochantersspinose; protibiaegenerally
slenderandstronglycurvedapica withoutarticulatedterminalspur,butwiththetip
producedintoafinger-likeprocess,theexternalteethfeeblerthanthoseinfemale,and
sometimeswithoneormoreteethonventral face;mesotibiamostlywithanangular
projectionatinneredgealittlebeyondthebase.
Female. Headsometimeswithafrontal tubercleorshorthorn,absentor fee-
blerthaninmale.Protibiaalwaysbroa withstrongteeth,providedwithanarticulated
terminalspur.Insomespecies,6thabdominalsternitewithalineofhairedpunctures,
or insomeotherswithabristlebundleat themiddle.
Notes. Themembersofthisgenuspossessvariouspeculiar features.Themost
importantonesmightbetheabsenceofprotarsi,combinedwithshort,dilatedmetatib-
iae,thebasalimpressionsofthepronotum,visiblescutellum,andstrongsinglelateral
carinaoftheelytron.
Themaleusuallyexhibitscuriousmodificationsofthelegs. Insomespecies, the
pronotuminbothsexeswiththebasemarginedbetweenbasal impressions.Alsoin
someones,developmentoftheheadarmatureinfemaleismoreconspicuousthanin
male.carjnaeandtuberclesonheadareuseful foridentifyingspecies,whilethemale
genitaliaarenotsodistinguishablecharacteristicsinsomespecies.
Distribution. Ethiopian,PalearcticandOrientalRegions.
KeytotheSpeciesoftheGenusOnltisfromThailand
1 (2)pronotumcoveredwithelongatedimbricategranules;clypeusnoticeablyp「e-
ducedapicadinfemale,withoutatransversecarinainbothsexes; frontalCa-
rjnaentireandarcuate,basalcarinaentireandbilobedwithadistincttuber-
cleatthemiddleinfemale,interruptedoneachsideinmale;pronotumwith
basemarginedbetweenbasalimpressions;30-32mm;N.Vietnam,Thailand
(Figs.1,13,22,34,46) 0. bordati CAMBEFORT
(1)pronotumnotgranulatebutsmoothorpunctate;clypeusmoderatelyp「educed
2
apicad.
3 (4)pygidiumnoticeablyhaired;bodyratherrounded; frontalcarinaentirewitha
shortcarinaanteriorly;basalcarinaalmostentirewithashortcarinaimme-
djatelybeforeit;pronotumrathercloselypunctate,withbasealmostCom-
pletely bordered; elytra shallowly striate; intervals very weakly Convex,
finelypunctate;maleprofemurwithasharptoothnearbase;maleP「otibia
104 YupaHANBooNsoNGandKimioMAsUMoT0
prolongedapica ventralsurfacewithadistincttoothatbasal1/3,andalso
withsmall teeth inbasal half;malemesocoxawithadistinct tooth; l9-21
mm;Laos,Myanmar,Thailand(Figs 2,14,23,35,47) _ 0.feaeFELscHE.
4 (3) Pygidiumnothaired;bodymoreorlesselongate; frontalcarinainterruptedin
middle.
5 (8) Pronota1basemarginedbetweenbasalimpressions.
6 (7)Pronotumstrongly, ratherclosely punctate; fronswithasubconica1tubercle;
elytramoreclearlystriate; intervalssomewhatcoriaceous,microscopically
punctate;maleprotibiaslenderer,with innersideofapexremarkablypro-
jecte ventralsurfaceweaklycrenulateinbasalhalf;malemesofemurwith
asharper toothonposterioredgenear apex;dorsalsurfacedark greenish;
18-23mm; India,Myanmer,Thailan Laos,N.Vietnam,S.China(Figs 3,
15,24,36,48) 0.virensLANSBERGE
7 (6)Pronotumveryfinely,sparselypunctate; fronswithaslightlytransversetuber-
cle;elytralessclearlystriate;intervalsalutaceous,almostimpunctateexcept
for the ist ones; maleprotibia lessslender, with apical part somewhat
obliquely truncate and weakly produce inner sideof apex just finely
pointe ventralsurfaceirregularlytoothedinbasal half;malemesofemur
withalesssharptoothonposterioredgenearapex;6thabdominalsternite
in femalewitharowofhairedpunctures;dorsalsurfacebrownishblack;18-
24mm;India,Myanmar,Thailan Indochina,Philippines(Figs 4,9-10,16,
25-26,37-38,49-50) 0.faClatuS(WULFEN)
8 (5)Pronota1basenotmarginedbetweenbasalimpressions.
9(10) Headtruncateandfeeblybilobedatapex; frontalandbasalcarinaeinterrupted
inmiddle;headalmostsmooth;pronotumcloselypunctateinmedic-poste-
riorpart;elytraclearlystriate;intervalsweaklyconvex,coriaceous,scattered
withmicroscopicpunctures;metasternum without hairs; male metafemur
withasmall toothatapical2/3onposterioredge;bodybrownishyellow,
partlydarker incolour,with feeblegreenishorcopperylustreinposterior
partofheadandareasalongelytra1suture;14-15.5mm; Indochina, Thai-
1anli,MalayPeninsula,SundaIs.,NewGuinea(Fig.5)
0.corydonBolsDUuL
10 (9) Headnottruncate,mostlygentlyproduced forwards;basalcarinanotwidely
interruptedinmiddle;bodymostlyblackish.
11(12) Malemetasternumstronglyconvexinmiddle,withatransverseimpressjonat
posterior2/5; clypeusscarcely incisedat apex; fronswith a very short,
transverse tubercle at anterior 2/5 of the area surrounded by frontaland
basalcarinae;pronotumsparselypunctate,withareabetweenbasalimpres_
sionsratherremarkablypunctate;elytraclearlybutshallowlystriate; inter_
vatscoriaceous,theoddonesweaklyconvexandscatteredwithmicroscopic
punctures;6thabdominalsterniteinfemalewithalineofbristlesinmiddle;
malemetatrochantersharplytoothed;23-27mm;N.India,Myanmar,Thai-
DungBeetlesofThailan 2 105
Fjgs. 1-6. HabitusofOnitisspp. - 1,Otuttsbo''datiCAMBEFORT,3;2,0. feeaeFELSCHE,3;3, 0
vjrensLANsBERGE,(3;4,0. falcatus(WULFEN), (fromN.India);5,0.corydonB0lSDUVAL, 9;6,0
excavatusARROW, (0.chiangmaiensisMASUMOTo,holotype).
land,China(Figs 6,17,27,39,51,57) 0. e:)ccavatus ARROW
12(11)Metasternuminmaleneitherconvexnorexcavatedinmiddle.
13(14)Maleprotjbialesselongate,withoutersideofapexnoticeably lobed; frons
wjthasomewhattransversetubercleatthemiddlebetweenfrontalandbasal
carjnae;malemesofemurwithaslightlyhookedlobenearthemiddleof
posterjoredge,andalsowithaslightlyhookedlobenearapex;6thabdomi-
nalstemitewithalineofhairedpunctures;dorsalsurf;acemoreorlessWith
copperytinge;16-22mm; India,Afghanistan,Kashmir,Nepal,SriLanka,
Malaypeninsula,Myanmar,Thailand,S.China,SundaIs.(Figs 7, 11-12,
106 YupaHANBooNsoNcandKimioMAsUMoTo
7 8 9
101 11 12
Figs 7-12. HabitusofOtulisspp. - 7,0,litissubopacusARROW,holotype, (fromCeylon);8. 0.
nlge''LANSBERGE, ;9,0..fit/ca「11s(WULFEN), (0.A'lilo1/1'1'MAsUMoTo bolo pc, fromN.Thailand);
10, 0.falcattls(WULFF_N), (fromChiangRai,N.Thailand);11,0.subopactlsARROW, (fromKhon
Kaen,NE.Thailand);12,0.silbopacitsARROW, (fromRoiEt,NE.Thailand).
18,20,28-31,40-43,52-54) 0.subopacusARROW
14(13) Maleprotibiamoreelongate,withoutersideofapexobliquelytruncate; frons
withasubconica1tuberclelocatedjustbehindinterruptionoffrontalcarina;
malemesofemurwithatoothatapexoflowerside;malemetafemurwitha
coarselongitudinal ridgeonventralsurfacebutwithoutangleonposterior
edge;dorsalsurfaceblackishandwithoutcopperytinge; 13_18mm;N. &
C.Vietnam,Thailand,Java(Figs 8,19,33,45,56) _. 0. ;ligerLANsBERGE.
DungBeetlesofThailanll2 107
事1::・:~ t ,-,''〔,:f t与事,,-1 一,?事・--、,, i -
14 15
:,1--. f ,- 1、
, ・l: ,
1.7 18
-
,''一・
二
'-', 一-・'
・・ :
.い 」
'・ -・
19 0
Fjgs.13_21. HabitusofOnitisspp. - 13,Onitisbo''datiCAMBEFORT, ; l4,0.feaeFELSCHE, 9;15,
0.、1jrensLANsBERGE, ;16,0.falcatus(WULFEN),9(fromN.Thailand);l7,0.ex:CavauSARROW,
(0.chiangmaiensisMAsUMoTo,paratype); l8,0ntttssubopacusARROW, (fromN.Thailand);19,0・
njgerLANsBERGE,9;20,0.subopacusARROW, (fromKhonKaen,NE.Thailand);21,0.Philemon
FABRIcIUs, 9(fromIndia).
108 YupaHANBooNsoNGandKimioMASUMOTo
1. OnitisbordatiCAMBEFORT,1988
(Figs.1,13,22,34,46)
OnltisbordatiCAMBEFoRT,1988,Bull.Soc.ent.Fr.,92:5-6.
Distribution. N. Vietnam, Thailand (NE: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima;
N:Tak).
Notes. ThisspeciesresemblesOnnlshagen1LANsBERGE,1886, fromSumatra,
butcanbeeasilydistinguishedfromthelatterbytheclypeuswithoutatransverseca-
rina.ThespecimensfromChaiyaphumandNakhonRatchasimaProvinceswerecol-
lectedfromelephantdungsinthenatural forest.
2. OnltisfetaeFELSCHE,1907
(Figs2,14,23,35,47)
OnitisfetaeFELscHE,1907,Dtent.Z.,1907:293.
Distribution. Laos,Myanmar,Thailand(N).
Notes. Thisspecies isdistributedinthemountainousareasofNorthThailand
andcollectedfromthecows' dungindryandcoolseasons(Nov.-Feb).
3. Omtis、'ire'tsLANsBERGE, l875
(Figs3,15,24,36,48)
()nitisvirensLANsBERGE,1875,Annis.Soc.ent.Belg.,13:135.
Distribution. India, Myanmar, Thailand (NE: Ubon), Laos, N. Vietnam, S.
China.
Notes. Thisspecies isdistributedinthecultivatedareasofNortheast Thailand
andcollectedfromvariousdungs,suchasofcow,buffalo,pig,etc.
4. Oniltisfalcatus(WULFEN, l786)
(Figs4,9-10,16,25-26,37-38,49-50)
ScarabaeusfatcatusWULFEN,1786,Descript.Cap.Ins., l4.
OnmskiuchiiMAsUMoTo,1996,Ent.Rev.Japan,50:88.Synnov.
Distribution. India,Myanmar,Indochina,Philippines,Thailand.
Nlotes. Thisspecies iswidelydistributed fromIndiatothePhilippines,includ-
ingThailan(i,andvariationofbodyshapewithlocalitiesandindividualscanbecom-
monlyobserved. 0nltiskiuchiiMAsuMoTo(Fig 9,holotype,male) wasdescribed for
reasonsoftheshalolwerpronota1foveae,theist,3rdand5thintervalsnotsonarrow,
andtheapexofprotibiafeeblyproducedforwards,etc.,whichmightbethecharacter-
isticsdistinguishing Thai specimens fromnorthernIndianones. 0ntheoccasionof
thisstudy,theauthorshavere-examinedThaispecimensandhavecometo theconclu-
DungBeetlesofThailand,2 109
sionthat theyshouldbeajuniorsynonymof0. falcatus,sincethosecharacterstates
areincludedinlocalandindividualvariations.
Thisspecieswascollected fromdungsofcow,elephant,etc.,bothincultivated
and forestedareas.
5. Onttiscorydo'tBoIsDUuL,l835
(Fig5)
OnitiscorydonBolsDuvAL,1835,VoyageAstrolabe,Ent.,2:154.
Distribution. Indochina, Thailand* (N: Phrae Prov., NE: Chaiyaphum, C:
Chantaburi,Bangkok,Kanchanaburi),MalayPeninsula,SundaIs.,NewGuinea.
Notes. Thisspeciesiswidelydistributed fromLaosthroughtheMalayPenin-
sulaandtheSundaIslandstoNewGuinea. It iseasytoidentifythisspeciesbecause
thebodycoloration isverydistinctbrownishyellow.Thespecimenswerecollected
fromcowandbuffalodungs.
6. Onltisexca、'atusARROW,1931
(Figs6,17,27,39,51,57)
Onitisex:;cavatusARROW,1931,Fn.Brit.Ind.,Lame1licornia3,London,391.
OnjtjschiangmaiensisMAsUMoTo,1996,Ent.Rev.Japan,50:91.Synnov.
Distribution. N.India,Myanmar,China,Thailand(N.&NE).
MAsUMoTo (1996)describedOnlt1.s・chlangmaiensis(Fig 6,holotype,
Notes.
male)fromChiangMalProvince,NorthThailanli,andstatedthatthisspeciescouldbe
djscrjmjnated from0.excavatusARROW,1931,originallydescribed fromTenasserim,
bythelargerbodywiththeareabetweenthetwopronota1foveaenoticeablypunctate,
etc.Oneoftheauthors(K.M)re-examinedaseriesofThaimaterialsincomparison
wjththeholotypeof0.e-x:cavatuspreservedinthecollectionoftheNaturalHistory
Museum, London, in thespringof1999.Finallyhehasconcludedthat 0. chiang-
malenslsshould be asynonym of 0. e:x;cavatus,because the characters mentioned
Fjgs 22_33 (onp.110). MalefrontlegsofOnitisspp.inventralview. - 22,Onltisbo''datiCAMBE-
FoRT;23,0.feaeFELscHE;24,0.、1irensLANsBERGE;25,0.falcatus(WULFEN)(f「omN.India);26,0・
falcatus(WULFEN)(0.kiuchiiMAsUMoTo,holotype,fromN.Thailand);27,0.eXCaVatuSARROW
(fromN.Thajland);28,0.subopacusARROW,holotype(fromCeylon);29,0.subopacuSARROW,
(fromN.Thailand);30,0.subopacusARROW(fromKhonKaon,NE.Thailand);31,0.subOPaCuS
ARROW (fromRoi Et, NE. Thailand); 32, 0. philemon FABRICIUS (from India); 33, 0. nl9e1
LANSBERGE.
Fjgs 34,l5(onp ill). Malemiddlelegsinventralview. - 34,0nitisbordatiCAMBEFORT;35,0・
feeaeFELscHE;36,0.virensLANsBERGE;37,0.falcatus(WULFEN)(f「omN.India);38,0・faClatuS
(wuLFEN) (0.kiuchiiMAsUMoT0,holotype, fromN.Thailand);39, 0.eXCaVatuSARROW(f「omN・
Thajland); 40, 0.subopacusARROW,holotype(fromCeylon);41, 0.subopacusARROW(f「omN・
Thajland);42,0.subopacusARROW(fromKhonKaon,NE.Thailand);43,0.subopacuSARROW,
(fromRojEt,NE.Thailand);44,0.philemonFABRIcIUs(fromIndia);45,0.nige'LANSBERGE.
lie YupaHANB00NsONGandKimi0MAsUMoT0