DTIC ADA619218: Naval War College Review. Volume 63, Number 4, Autumn 2010

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1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED
2010 2. REPORT TYPE 00-00-2010 to 00-00-2010
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Naval War College Review,Autumn 2010, Volume 63, Number 4
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6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER
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Naval War College,,686 Cushing Rd.,Newport,,RI, 02841 REPORT NUMBER
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13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
It is becoming increasingly clear that the prolonged financial crisis in which the United States currently
finds itself will not be without significant consequences for the size and shape of American military forces
in the coming decades. While the present administration has so far been careful to avoid linkage of the
defense budget with the domestic economic situation, it is difficult to believe that this state of affairs is
politically sustainable for the indefinite future.
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a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE Same as 175
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Cover
Details from the “Black Ship scrolls,”
created in Japan soon after the visits
of Commodore Matthew Calbraith
Perry’s squadron in 1853 and 1854.
Digitized copies of the original scrolls,
on long-term loan from the Preserva-
tion Society of Newport County, Rhode
Island, are on display at the Naval War
College Museum. They appear in an
attractive new exhibit space on the fi rst
fl oor produced by moving the Naval War
College Foundation’s Museum Store to an
expanded site in the Museum’s fi rst-fl oor
west wing. Shown are USS Saratoga (up-
per left), USS Powhatan (upper right),
USS Susquehanna (lower left), and USS
Lexington (lower right). See our “From
the Editors” department in this issue for
related, exciting developments at Found-
ers Hall. Courtesy Naval War College
Museum.
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NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW
Autumn 2010
Volume 63, Number 4
NAVALWARCOLLEGEPRESS
686 Cushing Road
Newport, RI 02841-1207
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NAVALWARCOLLEGEPRESSADVISORYBOARD PRESIDENT,NAVALWARCOLLEGE
Adam Bellow Rear Adm. James P.Wisecup, USN
Capt. Wayne P. Hughes, USN (Ret.) PROVOST
Jeffrey Kline Amb. Mary Ann Peters
Gale A.Mattox
Robert A.Silano DEANOFNAVALWARFARESTUDIES
Robert C. Rubel
MarinStrmecki
DovS.Zakheim
NAVALWARCOLLEGEPRESS
CarnesLord,Editor
NAVALWARCOLLEGEREVIEWEDITORIALBOARD
Pelham G. Boyer,Managing Editor
DonaldChisholm
Phyllis P. Winkler,Book Review Editor
AudreyKurthCronin
Lori A.Almeida,Secretary and Circulation Manager
PeterDombrowski
FrankUhlig, Jr.,Editor Emeritus
StephenDownes-Martin
Naval War College Review
Col. Theodore L.Gatchel, USMC (Ret.)
Code 32, Naval War College
James R. Holmes
686 Cushing Rd., Newport, RI 02841-1207
Capt. DennisMandsager,JAGC, USN (Ret.)
Fax: [phone]
William C.Martel
DSNexchange, all lines: 841
Col.MackubinOwens, USMC (Ret.)
Website: www.usnwc.edu/press
Cdr. Derek S.Reveron, USN
http://twitter.com/NavalWarCollege
Capt. Peter M.Swartz, USN (Ret.)
Scott C.Truver Editor, Circulation, or Business
James J.Wirtz 401.841.2236
[email protected]
Managing Editor
401.841.4552
[email protected]
Newport Papers, Books
[email protected]
Essays and Book Reviews
401.841.6584
[email protected]
Other Naval War College Offices
401.841.3089
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TheNavalWarCollegeReviewwasestablishedin1948asaforumfordiscussionof
publicpolicymattersofinteresttothemaritimeservices.Thethoughtsandopinions
expressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsandarenotnecessarilythose
oftheU.S.government,theU.S.NavyDepartment,ortheNavalWarCollege.
The journal is published quarterly. Distribution is limited generally to commands
andactivitiesoftheU.S.Navy,MarineCorps,andCoastGuard;regularandreserve
officersofU.S.services;foreignofficersandcivilianshavingapresentorprevious
affiliationwiththeNavalWarCollege;selectedU.S.governmentofficialsandagen-
cies;andselectedU.S.andinternationallibraries,researchcenters,publications,and
educationalinstitutions.
Contributors
Please request the standard contributors’ guidance from the managing editor or
access it online before submitting manuscripts.TheNavalWarCollegeReviewnei-
theroffersnormakescompensationforarticlesorbookreviews,anditassumesno
responsibilityforthereturnofmanuscripts,althougheveryeffortismadetoreturn
thosenotaccepted.Insubmittingwork,thesenderwarrantsthatitisoriginal,that
itisthesender’sproperty,andthatneitheritnorasimilarworkbythesenderhas
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Periodicals postage paid at Newport, R.I. POSTMASTERS, send address changes
to:Naval War College Review,Code 32S, Naval War College, 686 Cushing Rd.,
Newport, R.I. 02841-1207.
ISSN0028-1484
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CONTENTS
FromtheEditors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
RemarksofSecretaryofDefenseRobertM.Gates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
President’sForum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Programs vs. Resources
SomeOptionsfortheNavy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Ronald O’Rourke
If the U.S. Navy’s budget does not increase in real terms, the prospect over the longer run is for a
fleet with advanced capabilities for performing missions but too few ships and aircraft to perform
them simultaneously in all desired areas. Policy makers addressing this situation could face
difficult choices among options that present feasibility challenges or have their own potential
downsides.
TalkingaboutSeaControl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Robert C. Rubel
For two decades the U.S. Navy has enjoyed total command of the sea, so much so that it has
stopped talking about sea control, even to the extent of forgettinghowto. The time has come to
rediscover the discipline, yet again.
Allied Navies
The Canadian Navy and Canada’s National Interests in
ThisMaritimeCentury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Vice Admiral Dean McFadden, Canadian Navy
Adversaries have learned to integrate the warfare traditions of Clausewitz and Mao Zedong and to
organize all means of violence—criminal, irregular, and conventional—to achieve their political
ends. There are important implications in this for Canada’s maritime forces, including the
fundamental capacity to fight and prevail in combat at sea against a potentially far broader and
more comprehensive range of threats than ever before.
A Private Security Solution to Somali Piracy?
The U.S. Call for Private Security Engagement and the Implications
for Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Christopher Spearin
Recently expressed U.S. interest in encouraging commercial shippers to rely on private security
companies against pirates is a matter of concern, both in practical terms and in fundamental terms
of “who does what” at sea.
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2 NAVALWARCOLLEGEREVIEW
TamingtheOutlawSea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Admiral James G. Stavridis, U.S. Navy, and Lieutenant Commander Richard E. LeBron, U.S. Navy
Piracy in the Horn of Africa presents the international community with a complex and
multidimensional challenge but also with a golden opportunity to come together and work
collaboratively to solve it.
China’s “Antiaccess” Ballistic Missiles and U.S.
Active Defense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Marshall Hoyler
Asymmetries in the competition of Chinese ballistic missiles versus U.S. antiballistic missiles make
it unlikely that active defense alone will succeed. The United States needs to consider a broad
menu of alternatives.
The Most Daring Act of the Age
PrinciplesforNavalIrregularWarfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Lieutenant Commander Benjamin Armstrong, U.S. Navy
The 1804 burning of the captured frigatePhiladelphiain Tripoli harborwas an early example of
U.S. Navy irregular warfare, and it suggests principles that will be valuable in the irregular warfare
that the Navy is likely face in the years to come.
Four Lessons That the U.S. Navy Must Learn from the
DreadnoughtRevolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Angus K. Ross
Early in the twentieth century the Royal Navy, the world’s dominant naval force, stood at the cusp
of fundamental technological and strategic shifts—and failed, as an institution, to respond
effectively to them. Why? What can the U.S. Navy, in a similar position today, learn from the
experience?
Review Essays
UncoveringNoSuchAgency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
The Secret Sentry: The Untold History of the National Security Agency,
by Matthew M. Aid
reviewed by John R. Schindler
PaulJohnson’sBriefLifeofChurchill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Churchill,by Paul Johnson
reviewed by Henry M. Rector
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CONTENTS 3
Book Reviews
Real Leadership: Helping People and Organizations Face Their
Toughest Challenges,by Dean Williams
reviewedbyHankKniskern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
The Rise of China: Essays on the Future Competition,edited by Gary J. Schmitt
reviewedbyJamesR.Holmes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Death by Moderation: The U.S. Military’s Quest for Useable Weapons,
by David A. Koplow
reviewedbyTheodoreL.Gatchel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Why NATO Endures,by Wallace J. Thies
reviewedbyThomasFedyszyn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Military Reform: An Uneven History and an Uncertain Future,
by Winslow T. Wheeler and Lawrence J. Korb
reviewedbySeanSullivan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Execute Against Japan: The U.S. Decision to Conduct Unrestricted
Submarine Warfare,by Joel Ira Holwitt
reviewedbyRearAdmiralJamesP.Wisecup,U.S.Navy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Canaris: The Life and Death of Hitler’s Spymaster,by Michael Mueller
reviewedbyAnthonyD.McIvor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Special Operations in the Age of Chivalry: 1100–1550,by Yuval Noah Harari
reviewedbyMarkK.Vaughn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire,by Edward N. Luttwak
reviewedbyMikeMarkowitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
OfSpecialInterest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
ReflectionsonReading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
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