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Armed Forces Pest Management Board Technical Guide No. 47 January 27, 2012 Dengue and Chikungunya Vector Control Pocket Guide Published and Distributed by the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Information Services Division US Army Garrison―Forest Glen 2460 Linden Lane, Bldg #172 Silver Spring, MD 20910‐1230 Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense For Installations and Environment Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 27 JAN 2012 2. REPORT TYPE 00-00-2012 to 00-00-2012 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Dengue and Chikungunya Vector Control Pocket Guide 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Armed Forces Pest Management Board,Information Services Division, REPORT NUMBER US Army Garrison―Forest Glen,2460 Linden Lane, Bldg #172,Silver Spring,MD,20910 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE Same as 35 unclassified unclassified unclassified Report (SAR) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Acknowledgements This Armed Forces Pest Management Board (AFPMB) Technical Guide (TG) was written by LCDR Craig Stoops and LT Anthony Hanley of the U.S. Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, Dr. Gary Clark, USDA‐ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, and Dr. Graham White, AFPMB. Disclaimer Any mention of specific proprietary products, trade names, or manufacturers does not constitute a recommendation or an official endorsement of these products by the Department of Defense but is intended for illustration and information purposes only. Neither should the absence of an item necessarily be interpreted as DoD disapproval. Information or inquiries concerning any equipment or items should be sent through Command Pest Management Professionals or Applied Biologists to the Armed Forces Pest Management Board Medical Entomology Committee for evaluation. -1- Foreword This technical guide (TG) was written to consolidate information and procedures for surveillance and control of mosquitoes that transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. This TG focuses on mosquitoes that transmit dengue but also makes reference to chikungunya and yellow fever because the pathogens that cause these diseases may be transmitted by the same mosquito species. Thus, control of dengue vectors will also control the spread of these diseases. This TG is not a regulation but provides guidance to those individuals responsible for conducting pest control and surveillance during military deployments. This TG will receive periodic review and will be updated to ensure that information presented reflects current technology and guidance. Individuals using this TG are encouraged to submit comments and suggestions for improvement to the Director, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, US Army Garrison―Forest Glen, 2460 Linden Lane, Bldg #172, Silver Spring, MD 20910‐1230: (301) 295‐7476; Fax (301) 295‐7473. -2- Table of Contents 1. Introduction.………………………………………….4 2. Identification/Biology.………...…………………7 3. Surveillance…………….....…..…………………….10 4. Control…………………………………………………20 5. Personal Protection………………………………29 6. Additional Guidance..……………………………..31 7. References ……………………………………………32 8. Points of Contact……………………………………33 -3- 1. Introduction This guide is designed to serve as a quick reference for the identification, surveillance, and control of mosquito species that transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. The three main components of the guide are biology/identification, surveillance, and control. These components are necessary in the planning, conduct and evaluation of a dengue vector control program. This guide is not a comprehensive treatment of the subject. Please see the Additional Guidance, References, and Points of Contact sections for in‐ depth information on specific subjects introduced in this guide. -4- Dengue is considered a significant risk to deployed troops by the National Center for Medical Intelligence. The approximate worldwide distribution of dengue viruses is shown below. Estimated worldwide dengue distribution. Dengue range minimum 10oC isotherm, north and south of the tropics. Orange‐shaded countries are areas where dengue risk is well known. Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Ae. polynesiensis are three mosquito species that are vectors of dengue. Aedes aegypti accounts for >95% of all cases worldwide. During deployments, all three species must be considered important vectors, and control measures must be put into place to protect troop health. -5- Chikungunya is another arboviral disease transmitted to humans by the bite of infective mosquitoes. Chikungunya virus has caused human epidemics in many areas of Africa and Asia, and most recently in a limited area of Europe (CDC 2008). Both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus are vectors of chikungunya, and this virus is of special concern due to the recent resurgence and spread of these mosquito species. Estimated distribution of chikungunya virus. -6- 2. Identification/Biology Aedes aegypti ‐ Small black and white mosquito with markings that look like a guitar on the thorax. ‐ Daytime biter. ‐ Vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses. CDC map showing dengue outbreaks in red (for year 2000) and wider distribution of the vector Aedes aegypti in yellow. Distribution: pantropical, Old and New World tropics, Pacific islands. -7- Aedes albopictus ‐ Small black and white mosquito with single white stripe on thorax. ‐ Daytime biter. ‐ Vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Global distribution of Aedes albopictus: pantropical, Old and New World tropics, Pacific islands. -8-