DTIC ADA530287: Numerical Predictions of Wind Turbine Power and Aerodynamic Loads for the NREL Phase II Combined Experiment Rotor

10 Pages·0.18 MB·English

by  Defense Technical Information Center

8300-0002-AAIA
SNCO I I FMET ROANCDLENII NAWYBDDICODRENWIPOURARRTPEEMAUN
RTONTEOMRI R DES EPDR ENXAOELS IEOFHEAIBLTRHIMNPOC
euq u.lrDNaEP. †
MOCM A,CED Rnoitaiv A,etarotceri Dscimanydthgilfore Aymr ASU
noisiv itDfarcrot oARSAN/ymrA
retn ehCcraes esRemA
A,Cdle itFteffoM
nosnho JenyaW (cid:215)(cid:215)
hcna rsBcinahcemor etAfarcrotoR
noisiv itDfarcrot oARSAN/ymrA
retn ehCcraes esRemA
A,Cdle itFteffoM
maDn aC.P.v ‡ setr oaCnig e,R !ee Ynera Kdn a !
gnireenign Elacituanore Adn alacinahce Mf otnemtrapeD
si v,aaDinrofi lyfatoCisrevinU
,AsCivaD
TCARTSBA yeht deen devorpmi llats yaled sledom dna etauqeda
A edalb tnemele mutnemom ,)MEB( xetrov liofria .seitreporp gnitciderP eht tcerroc draobni llats
ecittal )LV( dna a degareva-sdlonyeR reyal-niht .sdoht eemse h otetgnella hlacli t ssyialed
sekotS-reivaN dohtem )SNaR( erew detaulaverof
rieht ytiliba ot tciderp eht cimanydoreaecnamrofrep NOITCUDORTNI
fo eht denibmoC tnemirepxE esahP IIlatnoziroH fsonoitcide rlpacirem utnsub odr nealbail e,retaruccA
,gnil el dle oademtat sla.bu elonaTi vbdserniuixTWA dniw enibrut rotor rewop niamer a egnellahc ot ehtdniw
eht MEB dna LV sdohte mdezilitu eht gileS-uDllats ygrene ry.tsudni ehT erutaretil stroper suoiravsdohtem
yaled ledom gnola htiw latnemirepxe dna taht erapmoc laciremun snoitciderp ot .stnemirepxeehT
yllanoitatupmoc devired liofria .scitsiretcarahc oT sdohtem yrav morf edalB tnemelE mutnemoMyroehT
lam atoetarhAndftEeImi r,esp dxe oetehahtdteimlav )MEB( ( .sfeR 1 ,2 ,) xetrVo ecittaL )LV( .sfeR( 3 ,)ot
xennA VIX esabatad erew .desu lanoitiddA atad stnairav fo degareva-sdlonyeR sekotS-reivaN )SNaR(
noitcuder saw deilppa ot tros eht latnemirepxeatad .sfeR( 4 ,5 ) ehT MEB dna LV s dyolhttneemtsisnwoochs
otni ydaets dniw deeps snib htiw nwonk rorre dnaot seicnapercsid ni gnitciderp rotor rewop ta rehgihdniw
ekam ti elbatius ro fnoitadilav fo lacir.esmduonhtem sdeeps ylniam eud ot seicauqedani htiw draobni llatsdna
llA eerht sdohtem ecudorp doog rewop dnalanoitces llats yaled .sledom ehT SNaR seigolodohtem wohs
lamron ecr osfnoitciderp ta llats-erp dniw.snoitidnoc esimorp ni gnitciderp edalb .llats ,revewoHetaruccani
ehT SNaR dohtem sliaf ot erutpac eht tcerroc rotor xetrov ekaw ,noitcevnoc yradnuob reyalecnelubrut
cimanydorea ecnamrofrep ecno eht edalb snigebot gniledom dna dirg noituloser evah detimil riehtcy.arucca
.llats ehT LV dna MEB sdohtem wohs retteb nI ,noitidda eht yltnerehni ydaetsnu dellats wolf
ytilibapac ni gnitciderp tsop llats ,roivahebrevewoh snoitidnoc emoceb yllanoitatupmoc evisnepxe rofneve
ot niatbo erom etarucca rewop dna daolsnoitciderp .sba lhcraese rdeppiuq ellew

† Research Scientist, Senior Member AIAA, Member ASME
(cid:215) Research Scientist, Member AIAA
‡ , rr oesbsmAeeAfMIoArP
! Undergraduate Research Assistant
Presented at the AIAA/ASME Wind Energy Symposium
AIAA3 8 ht Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno, NV,J anuary1 0-13,2 000
This paper is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not
subject to copyright protection in the United States..
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1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED
JAN 2000 2. REPORT TYPE 00-00-2000 to 00-00-2000
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
Numerical Predictions of Wind Turbine Power and Aerodynamic Loads
5b. GRANT NUMBER
for the NREL Phase II Combined Experiment Rotor
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
US Army Aviation and Missile Command,Army/NASA Rotorcraft REPORT NUMBER
Division,Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC),Moffett
Field,CA,94035
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S)
11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT
NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
see report
15. SUBJECT TERMS
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF
ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON
a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE Same as 9
unclassified unclassified unclassified Report (SAR)
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Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18
8300-0002-AAIA
n eesvenabohitci dre erlwpaocpir ehmguunohtlA fo21 o . ehT rotor buh si detnuom otno a ellecantaht
derapmoc ot ,tnemirepxe doog dniw enibrut atadfo sniatnoc eht noissimsnart dna lacirtcele rewopnoitareneg
tneiciffus ytilauq rof edoc noitadilav sniamer.ecracs .tnempiuqe sihT ylbmessa stis pota a retem-504.0
ehT atad yllausu emoc morf stnemerusaem nekatno .dnuo reg hetvo bsaret e8m. 6r1ew oltacirdnil yrcetemaid
dleif dellatsni dniw .senibrut ehT tnioj troffe ehT eerht sedalb evah hsulf detnuom erusserpspat
nekatrednu yb lareves naeporuE noinU hcraesersbal dna latoterp s erus seborp ta lareves laidar .snoitacolnI
dna eht detinU s'etatS lanoitaN elbaweneRygrenE noitidda ot eht erusserp ,atad LERN dedrocer ehtrotor
yrotarobaL )LERN( sah detnemucod dna edam euqrot dna gnidneb sdaol sa llew sa elgna fo kcattata
e llbaatlnieamviar edplxeeif atad rof larevtensereffid lareves laidar ts a .snoit ehT wolfni snoitidnoc rof eht
.ssef nediRnb(irwut 6 .) sres U lsdatncsaiyrleamnuan s ry o ae sdfrnl neoraayeralcbsu pi seetaarnreeiemwbvrut
evah ydaer ssecca ot siht ,atad nwonk sa AEIxennA my aldelerantno siifpmtouoinso pe h.trot o ershlTiatefdo
IV,X yb rgenhitticeart xtei morf eht nett itrrwoperro t nd eeemr r ie danrv.ei eosnspcfi'xebLERmEoRCN 7 dna
cgin nia odtes raaheyt odtlbcmlieonflrwefo dnaPTF 8 .
.revres oT ylreporp etadilav yna evitciderp ,dohtem eno
,revewoH sresu lliw dnif taht eht AEIxennA sdeen ytilauq latnemirepxe atad htiw detnemucod
VIX atad niatnoc elbaredisnoc ssenidaetsnu nieht si sn t y irnelraoehaotrmtnfareader uncertaiinty.suiqheTr
de rrueswaoe pmd n.as dn aossoiitlthsaTiinxreeavve noitatneserp semoceb neve erom tnatropmi ni dniw
hguoht eht atad sah neeb decuder dna detrosotni essnu oa sic fnteeoocbnii itden baehierurtgutprtecahultlf
cificeps dniw deeps dna way .seirogetaclaciremuN ,dniw eht ellecan way ,srorre dna tne ryedhaneitsneudalb
stsylana dluow dnif ti tluciffid ot etadilav rieht .scimanydorea
snoitatupmoc tsniaga siht atad tuohtiw rehtrufdna roF eht deway-non rotor ,snoitidnoc eht AEIxennA
.noitcude rata delbaredisnoc ddn e oggd cnandseorie e sleweVde-vpIivyasXvitofxrips
sihT repap sgnirb rehtegot a nosirapmoc fo .snib revO siht dnoces-ytxis ,elpmas ereht yam ebegral
rewop snoitciderp sa deniatbo yb eht eerhttnereffid dniw deeps snoitairav dna way .rorre ,eroferehT ewtes
sdohtem - ,MEB ,LV dna .SNaR senhoTitcideesrup tuo ot tcart x”eyd asentosi“tidno cmorf eht AEI.esabatad
sa, a ,kramhcneb latnemirepxe atad taht sahneeb degar elvaanig ier v oehif hcfo,take ssa ithhstilpmo cocTa
denaelg morf eht AEI xennA VIX daolnwod etisrof dniw deeps snib saw delpmas ot yfitnedi stes foevif
eht LERN denibmoC tnemirepxE esahp II .rotor evitucesnoc rotor snoitulover esohw dradnatsnoitaived
esehT snosirapmoc lliw wohs atad taht sah neeb rehtr unfe hetr eewv ifsfot eess e sh ./T5 m.n0a hsts eslaw
rehtruf decuder otni ydaets dniw dna orez way decuder ot etanimile esoht htiw evissecxe ecnairav
snoitid neolcbatius rof snosirapmoc ot ydaets""dniw neewteb eht muminim dna mumixam dniw sdeepsdna
rotor rewop .snoitciderp ehT repap stneserp dna .ror rweay
sessucsid eht seitilibapac dna snoitatimil fo ehteerht
20
laciremun .sdohtem nI ,noitidda ti sekam elbaliavaa
se rlrebo o hatlfattatoitau ndsde emtcie ursfdeoeprxe
15
. krr ioeewthatdilav
YGOLODOHTEM 10
Mechanical @ 78% efficiency
at alDatnemirepxE 5
Generator
ehT latnemirepxe atad desu ni ehtsnosirapmoc
Generator Power (kW) NREL Power Curve
sdaewni amtobrof eht LdEeRnNibmoCE x .tnemirep
0
esahP II tnemirepxE .sfeR( 7 , 8 .) sihT enibrut sia 5 10 15 20 25
,ded aT ,lWddbAen-Htie nweyenrlmwhhuotgrdithsni Wind Speed (m/s)
htiw ralugnatcer edalb .mrofnalp revO eht ,sraey
erugiF 1 sevru crewo platnemirepx E:
LERN sah nekat evisnetxe ecafrus ,erusserpwolf
rotarene go tdecnerefer
la c disng daoaal too malr,odonsreoiftihettmazilausiv
.enib rduetllat sdnlieif sihT ssecorp decudorp neves stes fo atad hcae
ehT esahP II noitarugifnoc sah a rotor taht gniniatnoc evif rotor snoitulover htiw egareva dniw
setator ta a tnatsnoc 27 mpr dna detar ta 02 Wkfo sdeeps fo ,0.7 ,5.01 ,6.31 ,3.51 ,8.71 0.02 dna 0.32.s/m
rete m s araaioh dthocrtip-de xsi if.hrTe wloapcirtcele ehT atad wohs elbaredisnoc snoitairav ni rewop taeht
fo 1.01 ,sretem detsiwtnu ,sedalb dna tnatsnocdrohc suoirav dniw deeps .snib erugiF 1 setartsulli ehtelcyc
fo 854.0 .sretem ehT rotor sesu eht LERN908S deg arroetvaareneg dn alacinah creemwop rof hcae foeht
liofria hguorht tuo eht naps htiw emossnoitacifidom 5 snoitulover sa derapmoc ot eht LERN rewopevruc
sdrawot eht toor ot dnelb htiw eht buh .raps ehT dehsilbup ni eht xennA VIX .troper ehT rotarenegrewop
efno3o c d-t e ea axbrsriupiofhtor o dna hdacetxiipf dna eht dehsilbup LERN rewop evruc wohs doog
2
8300-0002-AAIA
tnemeerga ni eht rewol rewop .slevel revewoHereht tseretni rof siht yduts si eht tnecrep-12 kciht ;908Sna
s eecrn a eenrmieofs fe i hsdlt nldoasnitdigsewee(rps liofria morf eht LERN liofria-kci hytlimaf rof-latnoziroh
.) sn4/ a1mrhettaerg s ie xnsainboriutta-cdi nl.ipfwpeaR( 11 .) roF sihtesoprup
ehT lacinahcem rewop nwohs ni erugif 1saw ,t fmiulmi xdaemni ae dt voesaatnuhgsi ssleaidwof reihat
deniatbo morf tfahs niarts egag stnemerusaemdna laminim ytivitisnes fo tfil ot ,ssenhguor dna woleliforp
delacs yb eht %87 ycneiciffe detroper ni ehtxennA el.sagatabn r aerdet movanifidArs enepesxtuexe niMEB
VIX .troper ,revewoH ni gnirapmoc eht rotoreuqrot .fe RU( S tOdaepolev esd aswdohtem 12 ).
devired rewop tsniaga eht rotareneg ,rewop tisaw
dnuof taht e hytcneicif fdeid ton hctam ehtdehsilbup
5.1
cy.neiciffe sA a ,tluser a retteb evruc tifneewteb
lacinahcem dna rotareneg rewop saw ,dnuof sa
n.o1ita udnqeiebircsed 1
(1) P =0 .9036 P - 0 .847
Generator Mechanical 5.0
6)(Ref. S809
erugiF 2sera pn modenosehecittercwaetpremrboocc
110=, R0e0 0
eht rotareneg dna lacinahcem rewop .atad ehTowt 0
290=, R0e0 0
stes fo atad won wohs retteb .noitalerroc oslAeton
580=, R0e0 0
taht yeht e tyalitvneadcifin gmiosrf eht LERNrewop Lift Coefficient
.)dn isw/ m 4 6-1l1(la tesda lftboes ne ohtetavruc 5.0- 870=, R0e0 0
1,160,000= Re
20 2,330,000= Re
1-
01- 0 10 20 30
15
)seergeD( kcattA fo elgnA
10
erugiF 3 d naat aLdE RmNo rrfal otpf i:L
Mechanical (Corrected) dev iSrEeSdM
5
Generator
liofriA selbat erew osla detareneg aiv eht SESM
NREL Power Curve
.ed o t clneiehomT fe erlS dieE.oa-SsciMftelRu(m 13 dna
Generator Power (kW) 0
14 ) stneserper na noisnetxe fo eht tnemele-elgnisSESI
5 10 15 20 25
elbisserpmoc wolf liofria edoc .sfeR( 15 dna 16 .) nIsiht
Wind Speed (m/s)
,dohtem eht desab-enilmaerts reluE snoitauqe dna
erugiF 2 sevr urcew odpetcerr o:C srne oyyialtl sa-euuygroq rnaeedainedsavnutluloousbmis
a notweN-lluf .dohtem ehT yradnuob sreyal dnasekaw
era debircsed htiw a noitauqe-owt deggal noitapissid
sdoht elMaciremuN largetni yradnuob reyal noitalumrof dna na epolevnee N
eerhT tnereffid laciremun sdohtem erew desuot
detare ndse iigerngilmae rltasit i en.hinToiret inrocitisnart
tciderp eht rewop dna cimanydorea sdaol fo eht
hguorht eht noitulos fo a lenap dohtem ta adeificeps
denibmoC tnemirepxE esahP II .rotor ehT tsrif
elgna fo kcatta dna neht deifidom retfa hcaenotweN
dohtem si a MEB dohtem nwonk sa
noitareti sa trap fo eht .noitulos tnemecalpsiDseidob
NYDO RdEeAp/oNlYeDvWeAdY yb nesnaH.sfeR(
desab no eht reyal-r atenhesmecalps isdsenkciht eradesu
9 .) ehT dnoces dohtem si a LV dohtem nwonksa
ot yfidom eht tnemele ecafrus yrtemoeg dna era
DARMAC II depoleved yb nosnhoJ .sfeR( 10 ).
detaroprocni otni eht noitulos retfa hcae .noitaretisihT
DARMAC II saw yllanigiro depoleved sa a
suo c gsgninovir/ltdp siuscoesclibvannie SESM ottciderp
evisneherpmoc elcihev scimanyd dnascimanydorea
eht stceffe fo ranimal noitarapes selbbub dna rehto
edoc rof eht tfarcrotor yrtsudni dna sah neeb
snoiger fo detimil wolf noitarapes no eht erusserp
deifidom ot ledom latnoziroh sixa dniw senibrut
.noitubirtsid
.)TWAH( tI sezilitu a xetrov ecittal htiw eerfekaw
D AsedhR eretM llesiA sibwuwCoe oawpfftTyortia
)WF( .ledom nI ,noitidda eht DARMAC II edocsah
.II ehT tsrif sesu eht 908S latnemirepxe liofria atad
eht ytilibapac ot nur ni MEB .edom htoBsdohtem
deniatbo morf feR .6 tahT atad stsisnoc foC dnaC rof
evah eht ytilibapac ot etalumis eht cimanydesnopser l d
kcatta-fo-selgna morf32.2– o ot9.98 o dna detcurtsnocyb
fo eht senibrut gnippalf ro gnireteet snoitomdna
LERN morf eht USO .atad sihT elbat saw dednetxeot
eaw.lylecan
f oegna rkcatt af oelgn aetelpmo carevoc – 180 o .
esehT sdohtem eriuqer lanoisnemid-owtliofria
tfil dna gard atad rof rieht .snoitciderp ehT liofriafo
3
8300-0002-AAIA
ehT dnoces liofria elbat sesu eht SESM edocot uD dn agi l.efSeR( 19 d e)pole vaed ll aytaslleeddom
edivorpC dnaC rof lareves sdlonyeR.srebmun dengise drof esu ni MEB dna LV .sdoht esmihT ledomsi
l d
,revewoH ecnis SESM ylno stciderpcimanydorea desab nopu eht sisylana fo D-3 largetni yradnuobreyal
stneiciffeoc pu ot mumixam C , eht 908S s neon i i stometa trhcunete qotffeieyfot dreanatodonruob
l
latnemirepxe atad saw desu dnoyeb .llats erugiF3 reyal .noitarape ssnoitauqE 6.2-1.2 ebircsed eht ledomsa
setartsul leiht gnitluse rtfil sralop desu ybDARMAC .I IDARMA Cn idetnemelpmi
II.
( )
draobnI fo eht %03 ,suidar eht liofria ssorc (2.1) c =c + c (a- a ) - c •w
l l l o l
noitces semoceb a dnelb neewteb eht 908S dnana table (a ) table
( 2 .2 ) c =c + c - c •w
lacitpille ssorc noitces sa debircsed ni .feR .6esehT d d d d
table o table
ssorc snoitce stluser ni tfil dna gard sralop tahtreffid 1 Ø (cid:230) 1 .6 (c / r )(cid:246) a - ( c / r ) D ø
yltaerg morf eht lamron 908S liofria.scitsiretcarahc (2.3) w = Œ (cid:231) (cid:247) - 1 œ
erugiF 4 setartsulli eht ecnereffid neewteb ehtssorc 2 p Œº Ł .1267 ł b +( c / r ) D œß
osttpmet t.A90 8lSam r d oansnauid a% r6tn1aoitces (cid:236) d
tfiL
esu SESM ot tcurtsnoc na liofria ralop rof eht%61 (cid:239)
L r / R
suid anroitces erew t.olnufssec ceuhsT DARMACII (2.4) D =(cid:237) d
snoitaluclac detneserp ni siht repap desu eht908S (cid:239) Drag
(cid:238) 2 L r / R
atad ta sn o% i 0.te1saruleiuw ddcoealsmralrCaofrep
gnimussa taht eht %61 suidar liofria detareneggard (2.5) L =W r / V 2 +( W r ) 2
wind
tub on tfil sa( a gnitimil ;)esac eht stluserdeniatbo
(2.6) a =b =d =1 .0
htiw siht noitpmussa era ton detneserp erehecnis
:erehW
ye dleg dnehntiavtaodihntcatit neal utd qteyideldhat
c dna c gar ddn atfi llanoitce sdetcerro c=
.ll at asnoisulcnoc l d
stneiciffeoc
c = epo lesvr utcfil
la
c tfi lore zt atneiciffeo cgar d=
do
c dna c gar ddn atfi llanoitce sD- 2=
ltable elbatd
stneiciffeoc
W etar lanoitator rotor =
V deep sdni w=
wind
r radiuslocal =
suid apr iR=t
c= d rohc
ehT driht laciremun dohtem desu ni siht yduts sia
erugiF 4 snoitc essso rlciofr idaraob n:I
SNaR edoc nwonk sa WOLFREVO depoleved yb
. f.el Ra,(.gtneinuB 20 W O dLs .eFan)iRhelEoepVtbpOa
oT niatbo etarucca rotor lanoitces tfil htob tfarcrotor .sfeR( 21 ,22 ) sa llew sa a TWAH.sfeR(
scitsiretcarahc dna ecneh etarucca rewop,noitciderp 23 .) tI sevlos eht elbisserpmoc mrof fo eht SNaR
de ts c daoele ttrieearonb doflcrainaoisnemid -eohwtt ht ihwcaorp peacnereff iedtin itficilp m nigani ssunoitauqe
rof draobni llats yaled .stceffe sA dezirammusyb .s dtiersgrevo
lenS dna nav netloH .feR( 17 ,) nagirroC dna ehT dirg smetsys rof eht esahp II rotor tsisnoc fo02
sgnillihcS .feR( 18 ,) dna uD dna gileS .feR( 19 )eht deif isdlen p daameai els.lrbslhtAtneno p dmtioercsgrevo
lanoitces mumixam tfil tneiciffeoc lliw deecxeeht buh metsys era .deledo mhcaE edalb saw deledom htiw5
lan oliison femrmuiimadi-xoaw mttfil rof ehtdraobni :sdirg eht ,pit eht niam gnikrow trap fo eht ,edalbeht
depol esvgendil l n idashng ncai foSr.oirr tooacCteosr dednelb strap neewteb eht niam buh tfahs dna ehtniam
rieht llats yaled ledom desab nopu snoitavresbofo ,edalb dna owt sdirg rof eht draobni .tuotuc nI,noitidda
yllatnemirepxe derusaem llats yaled no .srotoryehT eht buh dirg stsisnoc fo eerht tesrevo .sdirg erugiF5
deilppa siht ledom ot rieht retpocileh rotor .smet sd yiessrhegttartsulli
ecn aemdrooc fdrnea pere wel bytalc eiotdtaerrupcca ehT WOLFREVO edoc sah lareves snoitpo rof
r o.troer wloepnS dna nd aenvmertol fonrHaepredro gniledom yradnuob reyal .ecnelubrut enO dohtem sina
fo edutingam sisylana no eht lanoisnemiD-3 ciarbegla ecnelubrut ledom nwonk sa -niwdlaB
yradnuob reyal .snoitauqe yehT wohs taht nehweht .feR(.xamoL 24 .) n oniIt itdid as an holie tdaaoumyqbe-1
wolf snigeb ot etarapes taht eht siloiroC ecrof saha niwdlaB dna htraB .feR( 25 .) oT ledom noitisnartot
tnacifing itscapmi no eht esiwnap smutnemom nieht ,ecnelubrut a ranimal noiger saw decrofne morf eht
.rey aylradnuob
4
8300-0002-AAIA
erugiF 5roto rI Iesah Pf osdir gecafru sdn aemulo vtesrev O:
gnidael egde ot ¼ drohc ;noitacol ehtecnelubrut elbaredisnoc secnereffid revewoh ta eht rehgih dniw
.tni otpa htts adpelba nnee hsltiedom sdn elrlt a et.hsrTe wmoupmi xganmitcid e dnrsnipdaeeps
ni htob eht nydwYa dna DARMAC II stluser naceb
Results .se l gb tdaalfnrtiiadol fdreihas id leoebtthu atpylletrcerid
ehT WOLFREVO stluser eerga llew ta eht woldniw
stluseR rof eht esahp II rotor evah needbeniatbo
,deeps tu bs tyclisdseorr pgerhetvo rewo pdrawot ehtllats
htiw eht eerht laciremun sdohtem dna derapmoc
region.
tsniaga eht decuder AEI .atad erugiF 6 serapmoceht
erugiF 7 setartsulli DARMAC s'II ytiliba ottciderp
esahP II rotor rotareneg rewop ,sevruc taht saw
eht rewop gnisu eht tnereffid liofria atad htiw ehtllats
decuder morf eht AEI xennA VIX ,atad tsniagaeht
liof rliaatnemire pes xhetetsluu s9 e0e.r8hlSTe dyoamled
rewop snoitciderp taht erew deniatbo yb
tesatad rof eht tfil dna gard sa detroper ni .feR .6ehT
,nydw/YanydoreA DARMAC II edoc gnisu( aeerf
SESM stluser esu eht liofria tfil dna gard sralop tahtekat
,ekaw eht gileS-uD llats yaled ,ledom dna eht908S
.noitai rraevb msudnlon yenehoRtitaredis nootcni
latnemirepxe liofria ,)atad dnaOW. LFREVOFor all
ehT stluser wohs taht a eerf ekaw desab dohtemsah
eht laciremun rewop ,stluser eht lacinahcemrewop
eht ytilibapac ot tciderp eht rewop pu ot .llats,revewoH
saw detcerroc ot rotareneg rewop gnisu noitauqe.1
llA eerht sdohtem wohs eht ytiliba ot ledomeht
rewop ta eht rewol dniw .sdeeps yehT wohs
52 908S/yale DllatS/ekaWeerF
SESM/yale DllatS/ekaWeerF
25 s/ m20. 7:deep SdniW 02 )detcerroC (lacinahceM
s/ m65.0 1:deep SdniW rotareneG
20 s/ m36.3 1:deep SdniW evru Crewo PLERN
s/ m82.5 1:deep SdniW 51
s/ m08.7 1:deep SdniW
s/ m10.0 2:deep SdniW
15 s/ m99.2 2:deep SdniW
01
NYDWAY/NYDOREA
DARMAC
10 WOLFREVO
5
5
Generator Power (kW) Generator Power (kWatts)
0
0 0 5 01 51 02 52
0 5 10Spee(dm /s) 15 20 25 Wind Speed (m/s)
erugiF 6 ydbetcide rsrpaew ofnpoosirapm o:C erugiF 7 IDIARM A:C evr urcewop
sdoht enmoitatupmoc selb altiofr idaetupm odc nlaatnemirepxE
5
8300-0002-AAIA
eht liofria seitreporp od evah a elbaredisnoctcapmi WOLFREVO stluser nwohs ezilitu ehtxamoL-niwdlaB
no eht rewop .noitciderp tA eht rewol dniwsdeeps ecnelubrut ledom htiw ecnel unboriuttisnart tes ta eht4/1
yleethatmi xe toh9 crt0 sip8d tdpSnSleaaEurSspMer d e rt s ouenefprohmei2t owt..cc8 nieodhi eTtdrarpcoohlc
emas .rewop sA eht rotor sehcaorppa ,llats ehtllats .noiti dsn/omc
ya l seled eisdfeoi cmlynpnemar aen finfeiedwteebht
owt liofria selbat htiw eht SESM gnitciderprevoeht 2.0 Exp. 8.2 m/s (NREL)
.908 Seh tnah tero mrewop CAMRAD II (BEM Stall Delay S809)
CAMRAD II (FW Stall Delay S809)
tuohtiW eht llats ,ledom DARMAC IIdluow 1.5
OVERFLOW Baldwin-Lomax
setart seu rl8u lg.iirFe wmoupmi xetahcmtiderprednu
tcef ffeo e hl tly aaltleseddo mnod ee thrcteiwdoeprp
1.0
yb eht DARMAC II edoc gnisu a eerf ekawdna
latnem i9r0e8p Sxleiofr i.aatad ehT llats yaledledom
0.5
sah a thgils tfihs ni eht rewop rof eht dniwsdeeps
ld lnlaaito s fs ery,h iadttaleiet dc. els plAexaretosfeb
Normal Force Coefficient
ecneh sesaercni eht detciderp mumixam .rewop 0.0
se cl aegldipol me ,Sed-heuttDne m,e rlsepavmeiwoH 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
R/suidar
oot hcum llats yal egdnis unaoci tncaide rfporevoeht erugiF 9 R /.r s nv:C
.rewop
dn aDARMA Cneewte bnosirapmoC
dee pdsn iewgare vsa /2m .OW,8LFREVO
ehT nosirapmoc swohs taht lla eerht sdohtem oda
52
908S/ekaWeerF doog boj ta gnitciderp eht esiwnapsC noitubirtsid taeht
n
908S/y allleaDtS/ekaWeerF llats-erp dniw noitidnoc fo 2.8 .s/m tA eht retuoedalb
02 )detcerr olCa(cinahceM
,snoitces ereht si elttil ecnereffid neewteb eht.sdohtem
rotareneG
yehT evah ralimis sdnert dna elttil ecnereffid nirieht
51 evr urCew oLPERN
.sedutingam llA gnola eht laidar-dim ,snoitats eht
WOLFREVO edoc stibihxe a retteb noitciderp sa
01
derapmoc ot eht 2.8 s/m .atad ehT llats yaleddohtem
sesuac siht esaercni ni lacolC , rof eht MEB dnaWF
5 n
.dohtem nO eht draobni ,noitces eht WOLFREVOedoc
sdnet ot wollof eht latnemirepxe atad gnola htiweht
Generator Power (kWatts)
0 desaercniC taht deecxe eht D-2 liofria mumixamC fo
n n
0 5 01 51 02 52 .0 .De1AhR T MdIsAoId Chnet erreo tuamtetlhpitamcis
Wind Speed (m/s) C trend.
n
tA eht tesno fo edalb ,llats eht WOLFREVOstluser
erugiF 8 evr urCew oIDPIARM A:C setar tes ru 0ul.1gltiinFemi r meeeo pthrnxat fieiogvteebd
sliofr i9a0 8,Sek aewerF eht nosirapmo cneewteb eht tne mginriedpnxoepserrocot
led olmla ttsuoht id wnhatiw eht 36.31 s/m egareva dniw ,deeps eht DARMACII
,stluser dna eht WOLFREV O.stluser owTWOLFREVO
ehT etamitlu laog fo eht SNaR dohtem siot devired stluser era .nwohs enO sesu ehtxamoL-niwdlaB
poleved a do hetlebmapa c gfnoitci deehrtp rewoppu ecn e,lluebdr ouemtlihw eht rehto sesuhtr aeBh-tniwdlaB
hguorht .llats ehT tnerruc dohtem setartsnomedeht .le deocmnelubrut
ytiliba ot tciderp eht rewop ta dniw sdeepserofeb ehT latnemirepxe atad swohs taht rof eht edalb
,llats tub ti sah ytluciffid gnitciderp tsop llats snoitces draobtuo morf %54 ,suidar eht edalb sahdellats
.roivaheb ehT gniwollof snosirapmoc fo ehtlacol ta a lacol C elbarapmoc ot eht lanoisnemid-owt
n
lamron ecrof stneiciffeoc etartsulli ehtsecnereffid mumixam lamron ecrof tneiciffeoc fo yletamixorppa.0.1
.sesua crieh tdna llatS yaled si tnedive no eht renni liofria snoitcessa
erugiF 9 setartsulli a nosirapmoc fo ehtlacol nwohs yb eht esaercni ni lacolC retaerg naht .0.1ehT
n
lamron ecrof tneiciffeoc sa deniatbo yb eht DARMAC II steltuasretrsno mnead ytiliba ot erutpaceht
,tnemirepxe OW,LFREVO dna DARMAC .IIehT sn odiet linldianto sceh tr .elsta nuieoyoddieaathrlaTbcol
latnemirepxe atad nwohs ereh saw dedivorp yb tneCts i wsrone hohasctar n egenwit renabopimto cciderp
n
LERN yltcerid ot eht srohtua dna sdnopserroc ota eht DARMAC II stluser dna eht latnemirepxe .atad
dniw deeps fo 2.8 .s/m ehT DARMAC II atadsesu revewoH gnola eht renni laidar ,snoitacol R/r £ ,4.0eht
rehtie eht edalb tnemele mutnemom dohtem roeht DARMAC II stluser nigeb ot etaived ni epols dna
eerf ekaw .dohtem htoB ezilitu eht gileS-uDllats .la,a tntta onAdeie h tmeptmaidi ocruteroethflpitxnegam
yaled ledom htiw eht 908S liofria .elbat ehT ereht si a thgils noitairav neewteb eht MEB dnaWF
6
8300-0002-AAIA
Exp. 13.6 m/s (Ref. 6) 3.0
3.0 Exp. 15.3 m/s (Ref. 6)
)90 8ySal elDla tMSE BID(IARMAC
) 9y0 a8 llSD leAIWaDRIFtM(SAC 2.5 CAMRAD II (BEM Stall Delay S809)
2.5
OVERFLOW Baldwin-Barth DARMAC II WF( llatS yaleD)908S
2.0
OVERFLOW Baldwin-Lomax
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
Normal Force Coefficient
Normal Force Coefficient 0.0
0.0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 R/suidar
suidar /R
erugiF 10 R /.r s nv:C erugiF 12 R /.r s nv:C
de edp nseigwar e sv6/a.m31 de edp nseigwar e sv3/a.m51
,sdohtem htiw eht WF dohtem gnitciderp rehgihpit
d 3 ef. deo5 a hnp1lttegisaaahiwtdthnemir eedpdnxoaec
.dohte mME Beh tnah tgnidaol
.s/m sA ni eht 36.31 s/m dniw deeps ,esac eht edalbsah
ehT WOLFREVO stluser wohs taht ehtSNaR
dellats ta nC ~ 0.1 ta R/r > .%54 rehtruF ,draobnieht
dohtem seod ton tciderp eht etairporppa llats
tnemirepxe swohs llats yaled htiw na esaercni nilacol
scitsiretcarahc rof eht .edalb tI stciderp lacol C
n lamron ecrof tneiciffeoc pu ot 5.2 ta R/r = .%03ehT
elbarapmoc ot eht DARMAC II edoc ta ehtretuo
DARMAC II edoc htiw eht llats yaled ledomdelbane
laidar snoitacol fo R/r > .58.0 ,revewoH ti sliafot
serutpac eht tcerroc lamron ecrof tneiciffeoc ,sdnerttub
erutpac eht tcerroc dellats roivaheb revo eht
sessim eht tcerroc sedutingam ta eht draobni dnadim
.snoitac ollaid aer h ftroedniamer
laidar .snoitacol erehT si a ecnereffid neewteb ehtMEB
erug isFe t 1an1ro ti estehuurtlbudlisnirsatesripd
dna LV sdohtem htiw eht LV dohtem gnitciderprehgih
dtoah tSe N medayheRbttcid essrrapuot nyotcicolev
.gnid apoilt
R/r = 74.0 dengaa rdenv iadweeps fo 36. 3.1s/mehT
erusserp noitubirtsid stibihxe a rehtar hgihgnidael
SNOISULCN ODC NYARAMMUS
egde noitcus kaep citsiretcarahc fo eht 908S ta-erp
sihT repap stneserp eht snosirapmoc fo edalB
llats .snoitidnoc ehT erusserp yrevocer ,revewoh
tnemelE ,mutnemoM xetrVo ecittaL dna sdlonyeR
swohs elttil ecnedive taht dluow etacidniyradnuob
degarevA sekotS-reivaN dniw enibrut rewop.snoitciderp
reyal .noitarapes ehT dleifwolf yticolev sruotnoc
oT mrofrep eht ,snos ilraatpnmeomcirepxe atad morfeht
reht reutfartsulli eht eruliaf ot llats eht lacol.snoitces
AEI xennA VIX atad fo e htdtneenmiibermseoapChxPE
A kciht yradnuob reyal ,smrof tub a egralnoitarapes
II rotor saw tsrif decalp otni a mrof elbatius rofedoc
. m srolo tifnaofiger
.noitadilav rewoP dna edalb noitces lamron ecrof
erugiF 21 setartsulli eht lacol lamron ecrof
tneiciffeoc snoitubirtsid erew neht desu ot erapmoceht
tneiciffeoc nosirapmoc neewteb eht DARMAC II
.sdo heteermht
htraB-niwdlaB ,rotoR 2 esahP
21- %7 4 =R/r
01-
8-
WW R
6-
4-
Cp
2-
0 U yticoleV
dniW U
2 eR lativ
2.0- 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 1 2.1 e
C/x
erugiF 11 sruotn oycticol edv nnaoitubirts iedrusse rWpOLFRE V:O
dee pdsn iewgare vsa /6m. 3,1% 7R=4/r
7
8300-0002-AAIA
ehT MEB dna LV sdohtem did a riaf bojta
gnitciderp eht llats-erp rewop rof eht .rotor ehT .8 9y9r1au n,NV,oan Je,R5200-89-AA I,Atibih xdEna
yy lrad l tl ne aheeeacettm deiksioxrtaweeftwgtarlov 5 ,uX ,.G dna ,raknaS ,.L lanoitatupmoC" ydutS fo
dev oortp e .bllaec di ao tA ml cyllaaaerltdpesodsmi latnoziroh sixA dniW ,"senibruT sgnideecorP 9991
laitnesse rof eseht sepyt fo .sdohtem hguohtlAeht EMSA dniW ygr e,nmEuisopmy Sht73 AAIAecapsoreA
gileS-uD ledom sevig lufesu ,stluser eht tnerruc ,,o2n4eNV,0R0-99 -,AtA iIg bAndi inhstaxeeEcenMeicS
ns o etiko otrdrna oolrwfu/mc r<of , 1 std inoretetvo 9y9r9a1unaJ
tciderp rewop ni eht tneserp .esac devorpmIsledom 6 ,srepehS ,.G.J ,dnarB ,.J.A ,gniniurB ,.A ,maharG
.dedeen era ,retn y,a.P A,.nHes d,a.M G,.dDlei f,n.I Md. nM,a.HR.M.J
esehT sepyt fo sdohtem osla eriuqeretauqeda ,.H.J.R dna ,smmiS ,.A.D “ laniF tropeR fo AEIxennA
liofria .selbat ehT SESM liofria edoc evag :VIX dleiF rotoR ,”scimanydoreA ehT sdnalrehteN
elbarapmoc stluser ot latnemirepxe liofria atadtub ygrenE hcraeseR noitadnuoF noitacilbuP rebmuN-NCE
SESM ylno evagC -C pu otC . roF tsop llatseht . 7t9s9 u1,g7u2A0-79-C
l d xaml
dohtem llits desu latnemirepxeC C- . sihT tluser 7 ,dleifrettuB ,.P.C ,laisuM ,W.P. dna ,smmiS ,.A.D
l d
detartsnomed eht ytiliba ot niatbo D2scitsiretcarahc t nee smdaiehrnPei pbI"x m,Elo taCLrn"EoiRpFNe-RPT
morf sisylana .sedoc ehT txen pets dluow eb otesu .2991,5564-752
lanoisnemid-owt sekotS-reivaN ot niatbo tsopllats 8 ,dleifrettuB ,.P.C ,laisuM ,W.P. dna ,smmiS ,.A.D
l.iaotfardia denibmoC" tnemirepxE laniF tropeR - esahP ",IILERN
ehT SNaR dohtem saw osla elba ot erutpaceht .,27909814-224-PT
llats-erp cimanydorea ,roivaheb tub sliaf otylreporp 9d n eieohWdtt isu'Gre s,U." J,.oDn i da.nL Ca,.nAes naH
erutpac eht llats .roivaheb ehT wolf dleif sdnetot enibruT scimanyD retupmoC smargorP nyDwYa dna
niame rdehcatta ta dniw sdeeps taht ehltatnemirepxe nyDoreA rof "SMADA 9991 elbaliavA rofdaolnwod
atad setacidni dluohs llats eht .rotor rehtruF :morf
noitagitsevni ta rehgih dniw sdeeps si .dedeenpU /nydway/sedocngised/vog.lern.2dniw//:ptth
eni bddrn e uitdlt wsae f elndogtbn nn-uaiiotwmwotc 10 ,nosnhoJ ,W. tfarcrotoR" scimanydoreA sledoM rofa
lliw ediv oerlpbaul ayvdaets dniw atad taht yampleh evisneherpmoC ",sisylanA detneserP ta eht naciremA
oetvor pemhit S.NdaoRh t, ennmoIi tDil-di2doafria .8 9 y9,a1.M C,.nDotgni ,hms uyrWatoeF irceotSpocileH
citats llats seiduts dluohs eb demrofrep gnisueht 11 ,sremmo S,.M.D ngiseD" dlnaatne msitrleupsxeERrof
908S dna eht emas laciremun smhtirogla sa desuni .79 9y1raun a,J8196-044-RS/ L"E ,RlNiofr i9A0 8eSht
.ed oWcOLFRE VeOht 12 , .,Mk.eGr o , gd.,enJnra.aG Mm ay,f, sfsm. saoRuRHeR
stceffE" fo tirg ssenhguoR dna hctiP noitallicsO noeht
STNEMEGDELWONKCA .59 9,17187-244-PT/LE R"N,liofr i9A08S
sihT krow saw dednuf aiv EoD/LERN 13 ,alerD ,.M notweN" noituloS fo delpuoC
tcartnocbuS 10-11271-7-XCD deltitneASAN/ymrA dicsivnI/suocsiV tnemelE-itluM liofriA ",swolF AAIA
.tcej oDrFPC .0 9e9 n1,u0J741 -r0e9paP
14 ,alerD A",.M s'resU ediuG ot SESM ",59.2 TIM
SECNEREFER lanoitatupmoC ecapsoreA secneicS ry,otarobaL
1 e ,c, nn i,aee,c.lrt.cGa eiBu.pfn.nRofiJagiFFaD"jaR . 6r9e9b1metpeS
ledoM rof eht lacitrVe sixA dni W,"seniblraunTruoJ 15 ,seliG .B.M dna ,alerD ,.M lanoisnemiD_owT"
.5 8,96134-234 . ,p1,p.lrVoew od Pnnaoislupo rfPo cinosn acriTmanydoreA ngiseD ",dohteM AAIA,lanruoJ
2 ,crelceL .C dna ,nossaM ,C snoitciderP" fo .6021-99 1.1 p,p78 9r1ebmetp e ,S.9 o,N 5.2lVo
cimanydoreA ecnamrofreP dna sdaoL foSTWAH 16 ,alerD .M dna ,seliG d i,c.sBi.vMnIs-issuyolcasniAV"
gnitarepO ni ydaetsnU ,"snoitidnoC sgnideecorP c ifnoo sdn na"a r, s TswdrlAoleiALoboInmfAyureNiRA
9991 EMSA dniW ygrenE ,muisopmyS ht73AAIA .5531-74 3. 1p,p78 9r1ebot c, O0. 1o, N 5,.l2lanVoruoJ
ecapsoreA secneicS gniteeM dna ,tibihxE-99-AAIA 17 ,lenS .H dna nav ,netloH ,.hT weiveR“ fotneceR
99 9y1rau ,n o aNV,n,eJ6R600 ciman yhdcorraeeAseR no dniW senibruT htiwecnaveler
3 ,elahW ,.J ,allehcisiF ,.J.C dna ,gileS ,.S.M ot ,tfarcrotoR ataD dna selddir no cimanyD ow,lfnI
gnitcerroC" wolfnI stnemerusaeM morf STWAH dleifwolF fo dewYa srotoR dna gnitatoR D-3 ,”llatS
gnisu a gnitfiL ecafruS ,"edoC sgnideecorP9991 sdeecorP fo eht hteitnewT naeporuE tfarcrotoR,muroF
EMSA dniW ygrenE ,muisopmyS ht73 AAIA . 4,r97e9-b14otcO
ecapsoreA secneicS gniteeM dna ,tibihxE-99-AAIA 18 , n a,g.i Jr s.rlg Joa ndC c,inli.laerJldi.iopJhMmcrESo“f
99 9y1rau ,n o aNV,n,eJ0R400 llatS yaleD euD ot ,”noitatoR naciremA retpocileH
4 ,nosneroS ,.N.N dna ,nesnaH ,L.O.M rotoR" yteicoS scinahcemoreA stsilaicepS ,ecnerefnoC naS
ecnamrofreP snoitciderP gnisu a sekotS-reivaN .4 9y9r1au n,,aAoJCcsicnarF
,"dohteM sgnideecorP 8991 EMSA dniW ygrenE
,muisopmyS63 th A AeIcA aspesconrgeeniAictSeeM
8
8300-0002-AAIA

19 ,uD ,.Z dna ,gileS ,.M A“ D-3 yaleD-llatSledoM
rof latnoziroH sixA dniW enibruT ecnamrofreP
.8 9y9r1au n,a1J200-89-A A,I”AnoitciderP
20 ,gninuB ,P. ,.la.te WOLFREVO sresU launaMrev
1.6ap.
21 ,damhA .J dna ,euquD ,.N.P.E retpocileH"rotoR
edalB noitatupmoC ni ydaetsnU swolF gnisU
gnivoM tesrevO ",sdirGuoJ r lan fo ,tfarcriA .lVo,33
.06 - .4,p56p 9.9b1eF-. n.,ao1JN
22 ,nikaeM ,.R gnivoM" dirG tesrevO dirGsdohtem
rof etelpmoC tfarcriA rotortliT ",snoitalumiSAAIA
. 3 y9,l90u15J3 3r-e3p9aP
23 ,euquD ,.N.P.E ,maDnav .P.C dna ,sehguH ,.S
sekotS- rsenioviatNalumiS fO ehT LERNdenibmoC
E x tnem ierseaphP i Is g,nriod te9oe9Rc9o1rPEMSA
dniW ygrenE ,muisopmyS ht73 AAIAecapsoreA
,,7o3n0e0R- 9 g 9,ns-t ieAidtcAbnenIiaeeAhMixcES
999 1yrauna J,VN
24 ,niwdlaB ,.S.B dna ,xamoL ,.H “ reyaL-nihT
noitamixorppA dna ciarbeglA ledoM rofdetarapeS
.8 7n,9a71J520 -r8e 7pAaA PIow, Al“tFnelubruT
25 ,niwdlaB .S.B dna ,htraB ,.J.T A“noitauqE-enO
ecnelubruT tropsnarT ledoM rof hgiH sdlonyeR
rebmuN dednuoB-llWa ”,swolF ASAN MT,748201
.0991 .guA
9