ebook img

DTIC ADA528727: The Wave of the Future...From the Sea PDF

5 Pages·0.13 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview DTIC ADA528727: The Wave of the Future...From the Sea

0401 Chiefs 10/14/97 10:01 AM Page 13 The Wave of the Future By F R A N K B. K E L S O I I Navy photo . . . From the Sea S U. T he Cold War is over, but in its wake shifted to littoral warfare and direct support we are left with an uncertain of ground operations. world. Although the risk of global Operation Desert Storm reemphasized war is greatly reduced, the United the need for the Armed Forces to operate ef- States and its allies still face threats. As we fectively together and to acquire equipment have just begun to realize, these new threats which is compatible. Because joint opera- are often difficult to predict. In response to tions involving all the services provide the this challenge, our national security policy is greatest range of capabilities for the smallest shifting from deterrence of global conflict to- investment, the Navy and Marine Corps ward regional, littoral contingencies and con- launched an extensive, year-long study of flicts, often in coalition with other nations. future naval roles and capabilities, in terms With no credible, global naval threat, of their relevance to the 21st century and a today’s strategic environment has a very dif- joint warfare environment. The results of ferent meaning for our maritime forces. The that study are known as “...From the Sea.” need for separate, independent naval opera- The Navy’s new strategy represents a tions at sea for indirect support of the land fundamental shift away from emphasis on war has been greatly reduced, and as a result open-ocean warfighting on the sea toward our maritime operational focus has now joint operations conducted from the sea. By exploiting naval access to littoral regions, military planners can realize the power pro- Admiral Frank B. Kelso II is the twenty-fourth Chief of jection strength of naval forces while com- Naval Operations. Previously he served as Supreme Allied plementary capabilities of other services Commander Atlantic; much of his early career was spent punctuate their impact and effectiveness. on board nuclear-powered submarines. Summer 1993 / JFQ 13 Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 1993 2. REPORT TYPE 00-00-1993 to 00-00-1993 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER The Wave of the Future ...From the Sea 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION National Defense University,Institute for National Strategic Studies,260 REPORT NUMBER Fifth Ave SW Fort Lesley J. McNair,Washington,DC,20319 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE Same as 4 unclassified unclassified unclassified Report (SAR) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 0401 Chiefs 10/14/97 10:01 AM Page 14 t J F Q F O R U M Naval operations in littoral regions airborne assaults. The joint task force staff transform the classic AirLand battle into a embarked in the Third Fleet flagship to main- unified sea-air-land-space engagement, but tain overall control of the exercise as the dominance over an enemy in the littoral en- Joint Force Air Component Commander vironment cannot be assumed. Likely adver- (JFACC) coordinated all air operations re- saries enjoy the advantage of concentrating motely from the continental United States. and layering defenses. Mines, diesel sub- Model for Joint Interoperability marines, high-speed tactical aircraft, fast pa- U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) op- trol boats, sea-skimming missiles, and tacti- erations have attained new levels of joint cal ballistic missiles launched from shore understanding, cooperation, efficiency, and batteries are typical littoral threats. Such combat effectiveness. In the Persian Gulf an complex challenges demand specialized Air Force composite wing operates on a daily skills that only are provided by a completely basis with its Navy and Marine Corps coun- integrated joint force. terparts to enforce no-fly zones. Army, Ma- Joint Forces rine Corps, and special operations forces ex- In the brief time since “...From the ercise together routinely. Navy ships enforce Sea” appeared efforts to implement this new U.N.-imposed sanctions with the assistance strategic direction have accelerated and ex- of maritime surveillance provided by Air panded to all levels in the sea services with Force Airborne Warning and Control System special emphasis on the issues of joint inte- (AWACS) aircraft. The CENTCOM environ- gration and interoperability. The Navy and ment is ideal for developing joint concepts Marine Corps are aggressively redefining and conducting joint training. In a recent naval roles in joint exercises. exercise also in the Persian Gulf, for exam- In 1992 U.S. Atlantic Command (LANT- ple, an afloat JFACC successfully developed, COM) demonstrated improved integration planned, and executed a mini-air campaign of joint forces and naval doctrinal changes including a simulated strike mission with in Exercise Ocean Venture. For the first time over 70 Navy and Air Force aircraft. the Navy de- In the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific, ployed a flexi- Navy-led counterdrug joint task forces offer the Navy’s new strategy represents ble and robust another example of joint operations. They a fundamental shift away from em- command and exploit naval air and open-ocean surveil- control facility lance capabilities as well as command, con- phasis on open-ocean warfighting ashore permit- trol, communications and intelligence (C3I). on the sea toward joint operations ting the naval Navy ships, maritime patrol aircraft, and air- conducted from the sea force comman- borne radar aircraft operate with assets from der to collocate the other services and Federal agencies. A with the joint Coast Guard squadron commander and staff force commander and other component embark aboard the Navy task group com- commanders. mander’s flagship to monitor and control Last year in Exercise Ellipse Bravo, U.S. surface activity. Coast Guard law enforce- European Command (EUCOM) tested the ment detachments operate from Navy ships ability of the services to assemble a joint task to board, search, and if necessary seize ves- force to conduct a rapid emergency evacua- sels smuggling narcotics. tion operation. Established within 48 hours, Joint Communications a 22,000-strong Army, Navy, Marine Corps, During the past decade significant and Air Force task force demonstrated effec- progress has been made in standardizing tive continuity of command as its headquar- procedures and procurement of interopera- ters was relocated from land to sea. ble systems for joint communications. During Exercise Tandem Thrust, Nonetheless problems still occur, especially mounted by U.S. Pacific Command (PACOM) in highly specialized communications sys- in 1992, a 15,000-man joint force consisting tems. One example was the format and of land, sea, and air forces concluded its medium used to send Air Tasking Orders training with amphibious landings and Army (ATOs) during Operation Desert Storm. They were incompatible with naval communica- 14 JFQ / Summer 1993 0401 Chiefs 10/14/97 10:01 AM Page 15 tions systems and as a re- mary authority for developing both Navy sult carrier-based aircraft and naval doctrine, it will provide a coordi- were dispatched daily to nated, integrated sea service voice in joint pick up one-hundred and combined doctrine. Priority will be given page documents from to doctrine development that addresses the Riyadh for delivery to new geostrategic environment and its chang- ships in the Persian Gulf ing threat, and to enhancing the integration S. Navy photo atshingedn AmRTeeOdn tiSsn ewtao.a sCm voiesnrsyvio etnritm ianesg-- ottiifoo nnnssa. v tToalh jofiosi nricste fwsu ainnrdf ijagomhinteitnn atgan lid nt oct honmea fvbuaitnlu ecrdoe .notpriebrua-- U. consuming. In a significant departure from tradi- Admiral Kelso with the Finding the permanent solution to this tional single-service deployments, the Navy fleet. problem became a joint, post-war priority and Marine Corps are working closely with project that is now well in hand. In recent the Joint Staff to improve ways to organize, joint exercises ships at sea have received and train, and deploy joint forces. The goal is to transmitted Desert Storm-sized ATOs elec- provide unified commanders with forces tronically in less than five minutes. All de- specifically tailored, trained, and deployed ployed aircraft carriers have this capability to satisfy regional operational requirements. while other carriers have been partially mod- Interservice boards such as the Navy-Air ified to allow complete installation in less Force-Marine Corps Board and the Army- than 24 hours. Procurement plans have been Navy-Marine Corps Board have been estab- altered to ensure that all amphibious assault lished to encourage formal cooperation and ships and aircraft carriers are permanently increase efficiency among forces across a equipped with this vital capability. broad range of areas. These boards have suc- ceeded in transforming several single-service Navy Organizational Changes air-to-ground weapons programs into one Since Operation Desert Storm the Navy joint program and expanding interservice has taken additional steps to improve its cooperation in land-based refueling for ability to work in the joint arena in opera- naval aircraft. Progress can also be noted in tions, planning, procurement, and admin- both the Joint Tactical Information Display istration and to improve communications System and the Global Positioning System between the staff of the Chief of Naval Oper- acquisition programs. ations (OPNAV) and the Joint Staff and be- tween the Navy Department and Depart- Redirecting Spending ment of Defense. Funding represents the ultimate organi- In July 1992, the OPNAV staff was reor- zational indicator of priorities and a measur- ganized to mirror the structure and functions able sign of change. The redirection of of the Joint Staff. As part of this change, the spending has already been discussed, new Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for namely, in modifying systems and ships to Resources, Warfare Requirements, and Assess- accommodate joint staffs and operations ments established six joint mission assess- and in expanding cooperation in joint ac- ment areas: joint strike, joint littoral, joint quisition programs. The Navy and Marine surveillance, joint space and electronic war- Corps have also instituted a deliberate orga- fare/intelligence, strategic sealift and its pro- nizational process to redirect funding priori- tection, and strategic deterrence. Under this ties to enhance naval contributions to joint system, Navy procurement programs are warfighting capabilities. scrutinized and evaluated against their spe- Furthermore, with the publication of cific contributions to joint warfighting. If “...From the Sea” in September 1992, the they fail this test, they are not included in Department of the Navy dissected and ex- the Navy budget. amined its budget line-by-line against the In March 1993 the Naval Doctrine Com- guiding principles of our new strategic direc- mand was formally established. As the pri- tion. This process examined how well the overall budget supported that new direction. As a result some investment plans were Summer 1993 / JFQ 15 0401 Chiefs 10/14/97 10:01 AM Page 16 t J F Q F O R U M redirected to strengthen joint littoral warfare In the past year Military Sealift Com- including the following changes: mand ships proved their value in joint t increasing procurement of precision-guided peacetime operations almost as dramatically munitions to support the joint land campaign; as they did during the Gulf War. Navy ships t accelerating enhancements in joint com- carried relief supplies to Florida, Guam, the mand, control, and communications systems to Baltic nations, and Russia for distribution by support a JTF commander and his staff afloat; and U.S. units ashore. Marine Prepositioning t renewing the commitment to satisfy the Squadron ships were the first to arrive in So- Marine Corps requirement for sufficient medium malia, and by January 14, 1993, nearly thirty lift capability to permit rapid movement ashore were operating in direct support of Opera- in support of an amphibious ground campaign. tion Restore Hope. Overall, the Navy and Marine Corps Our operating forces are on the cutting redirected $1.2 billion within their budgets edge of joint warfighting. All naval staffs to support the new naval strategy and joint and shore support establishments are com- warfighting operations. mitted to the concept of jointness. The Recognizing the value of well-equipped, Naval Doctrine Command will ensure that highly mobile forces to meet various chal- our focus remains on finding ways to im- lenges, unified commanders regard sealift as prove the efficiency of joint warfare. The a critical ingredient of warfighting success. Navy-Marine Corps team is committed to As we reduce manpower and material over- joint operations and the pursuit of innova- seas, strategic sealift will be more vital to tive means for employing our forces in sup- providing required heavy equipment and port of joint warfighting. JFQ sustainment to forces in all parts of the world. Consequently, we have raised the pri- ority of sealift in procurement planning, conveying to Congress its importance to our Nation’s defense capabilities. 16 JFQ / Summer 1993

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.