DTIC ADA526053: Joint Doctrine for Campaign Planning

122 Pages·1.2 MB·English

by  Defense Technical Information Center

Joint Publication 5-00.1
Joint Doctrine
for
Campaign Planning
25 January 2002
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Joint Doctrine for Campaign Planning
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PREFACE
1. Scope 3. Application
This publication provides overarching a. Doctrine and guidance established in
guidance and principles governing the this publication apply to the commanders
planning of campaigns at the combatant of combatant commands, subunified
command and subordinate joint force levels. commands, joint task forces, and subordinate
It focuses on the methodology for translating components of these commands. These
national and theater strategy into planning principles and guidance also may apply when
actions required to design and synchronize a significant forces of one Service are attached
campaign plan. It describes joint campaign to forces of another Service or when
planning across the full range of military significant forces of one Service support
operations at the strategic and operational forces of another Service.
levels of war. It discusses campaign planning
within the context of the Joint Operation b. The guidance in this publication is
Planning and Execution System and guides authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be
planners to necessary planning references. followed except when, in the judgment of the
commander, exceptional circumstances
2. Purpose dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between
the contents of this publication and the
This publication has been prepared under contents of Service publications, this
the direction of the Chairman of the Joint publication will take precedence for the
Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth doctrine to govern activities of joint forces unless the Chairman
the joint activities and performance of the of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally in
Armed Forces of the United States in joint coordination with the other members of the
operations and provides the doctrinal basis Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more
for US military involvement in multinational current and specific guidance. Commanders
and interagency operations. It provides of forces operating as part of a multinational
military guidance for the exercise of authority (alliance or coalition) military command
by combatant commanders and other joint should follow multinational doctrine and
force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes procedures ratified by the United States. For
doctrine for joint operations and training. It doctrine and procedures not ratified by the
provides military guidance for use by the United States, commanders should evaluate
Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate and follow the multinational command’s
plans. It is not the intent of this publication to doctrine and procedures, where applicable and
restrict the authority of the JFC from consistent with US law, regulations, and
organizing the force and executing the mission doctrine.
in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate
to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment
of the overall mission.
For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff:
JOHN P. ABIZAID
Lieutenant General, USA
Director, Joint Staff
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Preface
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ii JP 5-00.1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION TO CAMPAIGN PLANNING
• Campaign Planning................................................................................................... I-1
(cid:127) Fundamentals............................................................................................................ I-1
(cid:127) Strategic Guidance.................................................................................................... I-4
(cid:127) National Strategic Planning....................................................................................... I-4
(cid:127) Regional Strategic Planning...................................................................................... I-4
(cid:127) Functional Strategic Planning.................................................................................... I-5
(cid:127) Support Strategic Planning........................................................................................ I-5
(cid:127) Campaign Planning................................................................................................... I-5
(cid:127) Campaign Planning for Military Operations Other Than War.................................... I-6
CHAPTER II
CAMPAIGN PLAN DESIGN
(cid:127) General.................................................................................................................... II-1
(cid:127) Strategic Guidance................................................................................................... II-1
(cid:127) Identifying Critical Factors....................................................................................... II-6
(cid:127) Operational Concept .............................................................................................. II-11
CHAPTER III
DELIBERATE PLANNING DURING CAMPAIGN PLAN DEVELOPMENT
SECTION A. DELIBERATE PLANNING PRINCIPLES........................................ III-1
(cid:127) Strategic Direction................................................................................................. III-1
(cid:127) Strategic Plans ....................................................................................................... III-1
(cid:127) Combatant Command Guidance............................................................................. III-2
SECTION B. DELIBERATE PLANNING............................................................... III-3
(cid:127) General.................................................................................................................. III-3
(cid:127) Deliberate Planning Process for OPLANs.............................................................. III-4
(cid:127) Initiation (Phase I).................................................................................................. III-4
(cid:127) Concept Development (Phase II)............................................................................ III-4
(cid:127) Plan Development (Phase III)................................................................................ III-14
(cid:127) Final Plan Review (Phase IV) ............................................................................... III-15
(cid:127) Supporting Plans (Phase V)................................................................................... III-17
SECTION C. MULTINATIONAL PLANNING...................................................... III-18
(cid:127) Multinational Integration....................................................................................... III-18
(cid:127) Strategic Integration of Campaign Plans................................................................ III-18
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Table of Contents
(cid:127) Theater Integration................................................................................................ III-19
(cid:127) Bilateral Campaign Planning................................................................................. III-20
SECTION D. INTERAGENCY COORDINATION................................................ III-20
(cid:127) Interagency Coordination...................................................................................... III-20
CHAPTER IV
CRISIS ACTION PLANNING DURING CAMPAIGN PLAN DEVELOPMENT
(cid:127) General.................................................................................................................. IV-1
(cid:127) Crisis Action Procedures........................................................................................ IV-3
(cid:127) Crisis Action Planning Phases................................................................................ IV-4
APPENDIX
A Flexible Deterrent Options.................................................................................. A-1
B Lines of Operations.............................................................................................B-1
C Theater Campaign Plan Format............................................................................C-1
D References......................................................................................................... D-1
E Administrative Instructions................................................................................. E-1
GLOSSARY
Part I Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................... GL-1
Part II Terms and Definitions .............................................................................. GL-3
FIGURE
I-1 Campaign Planning Purpose............................................................................ I-2
I-2 Fundamentals of Campaign Plans.................................................................... I-3
II-1 Role of Strategic Guidance............................................................................. II-2
II-2 Characteristics of the Adversary’s Centers of Gravity..................................... II-7
II-3 Direct vs. Indirect......................................................................................... II-13
II-4 Phases — Joint Campaign............................................................................ II-16
II-5 Culminating Point.......................................................................................... II-18
III-1 Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan ..................................................................... III-2
III-2 Types of Deliberate Plans .............................................................................. III-3
III-3 Deliberate Planning Phases............................................................................ III-5
III-4 Concept Development Steps ......................................................................... III-6
III-5 Combatant Commander’s Strategic Concept ................................................. III-13
III-6 Plan Development Steps............................................................................... III-16
III-7 Multinational Planning................................................................................. III-19
IV-1 Crisis Action Planning Documents................................................................ IV-5
IV-2 Crisis Action Planning Phase I....................................................................... IV-6
IV-3 Crisis Action Planning Phase II...................................................................... IV-8
IV-4 Crisis Action Planning Phase III ................................................................... IV-11
IV-5 Crisis Action Planning Phase IV ................................................................... IV-15
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Table of Contents
IV-6 Crisis Action Planning Phase V..................................................................... IV-17
IV-7 Crisis Action Planning Phase VI ................................................................... IV-21
A-1 Examples of Requested Political Flexible Deterrent Options............................. A-3
A-2 Examples of Requested Informational Flexible Deterrent Options .................... A-3
A-3 Examples of Requested Economic Flexible Deterrent Options.......................... A-4
A-4 Examples of Requested Military Flexible Deterrent Options............................. A-4
B-1 Operational Reach........................................................................................... B-2
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Table of Contents
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
COMMANDER’S OVERVIEW
(cid:127) Provides an Overview of Joint Campaigns and the Joint
Campaign Planning Process
(cid:127) Discusses the Elements of Campaign Plan Design
(cid:127) Describes Campaign Planning in the Context of Deliberate
and Crisis Action Planning
General
Campaigns are the Campaign plans are the operational extension of a
operational extension of commander’s strategy. Campaigns may vary drastically in
the commander’s strategy. scale, from a large major theater war campaign conceived and
controlled at the combatant command or even National
Command Authorities (NCA) level, down to smaller scale
campaigns conducted by joint force commanders (JFCs)
subordinate to the combatant commander.
Campaigns are inherently Campaign plans are joint in nature. Campaign planning is
joint, and phasing is the aimed at developing the operational direction needed to resolve
primary difference a particular situation deemed vital to national interests. Within
between a campaign and the context of campaign planning, operation plans (OPLANs)
plans for major are developed in support of operational objectives.
operations.
Military campaigns are Guidance from civilian and military policymakers is a
conducted in concert with prerequisite for developing a military campaign plan. Military
the other instruments of campaigns are not conducted in isolation of other government
national power. efforts to achieve national strategic objectives. Military power
is used in conjunction with other instruments of national power
— diplomatic, economic, and informational — to achieve
strategic objectives.
Above all, operational art Operational art requires the JFC to focus on strategic
requires the joint force objectives that may be several operational steps removed from
commander to focus on current activities. Joint operation planning can be described
strategic objectives. in terms of its contribution to a larger purpose. Campaign
planning takes a comprehensive view of the combatant
commander’s theater and defines the framework in which an
OPLAN fits. Campaign planning offers purpose and a common
objective to a series of OPLANs. Existing OPLANs, operation
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Executive Summary
plans in concept format (CONPLANs), or functional plans
may also provide the basis for development of campaign plans.
Campaign planning is Campaign planning generally applies to the conduct of combat
used for combat operations, but can also be used in situations other than war.
operations, but also has Combatant commanders and other JFCs may develop campaign
application in military plans for peacetime, conflict, or war.
operations other than war
(MOOTW). Multinational planning consists of five basic elements. (1)
multinational integration; (2) strategic integration of campaign
plans; (3) theater integration; (4) bilateral campaign planning;
and (5) interagency coordination. The term “multinational
operations” describes joint military actions conducted by forces
of two or more nations. Planning for such operations is
accomplished through national and international channels, and
collective security goals, strategies, and treaties are taken into
consideration in each phase of the planning procedures.
Multinational integration involves planning for multinational
operations accomplished in national and international channels.
Collective security goals, strategies, and combined OPLANs
are developed in accordance with individual treaty or alliance
procedures. Strategic integration pertains to the hierarchical
organization of bilateral or multilateral bodies established to
define objectives and strategy. Theater integration occurs
when joint operation planning is integrated with alliance or
coalition planning at the theater or operational level by the
commander of US national forces. Bilateral planning involves
the preparation of combined, mutually developed and approved
plans governing the employment of forces of two nations for a
common contingency. Interagency coordination occurs
between elements of the Department of Defense and engaged
US Government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and
regional and international organizations for the purpose of
accomplishing an objective.
Campaign Plan Design
Campaign plan design is Because theater-level campaign planning is mostly art, it is
linked to operational art inextricably linked with operational art, most notably in the
and provides the design of the operational concept for the campaign. This is
conceptual linkage of primarily an intellectual exercise based on experience and
ends, ways, and means. judgment. The result of this process should be an operational
design that provides the conceptual linkage of ends, ways, and
means.
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