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DTIC ADA514413: Information as Power. An Anthology of Selected United States Army War College Student Papers. Volume 4 PDF

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Preview DTIC ADA514413: Information as Power. An Anthology of Selected United States Army War College Student Papers. Volume 4

/\ ../"/ / INFORMATION AS POWER AN ANTHOLOGY OF SELECTED UNITED STATES ARMY WAR COLLEGE STUDENT PAPERS VOLUME 4 Edited by JeffreyL. Caton, CoriE. Dauber, JeffreyL. Groh, and DavidJ. Smith INFORMATION IN WARFARE GROUP, U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED JAN 2010 2. REPORT TYPE 00-00-2010 to 00-00-2010 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Information as Power. Volume 4. An Anthology of Selected United States 5b. GRANT NUMBER Army War College Student Papers 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION US Army War College,122 Forbes Avenue,Carlisle,PA,17013 REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE Same as 196 unclassified unclassified unclassified Report (SAR) Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 US ARMY WAR COLLEGE INFORMATION AS POWER VOLUME 4 AN ANTHOLOGY OF SELECTED UNITED STATES ARMY WAR COLLEGE STUDENT PAPERS Faculty Review Board Cynthia E. Ayers, Jeffrey L. Caton, John H. Greenmyer, Dennis M. Murphy, Constance A. Phlipot, and David J. Smith Information as Power is a refereed anthology of United States Army War College (USAWC) student papers related to information as an element of national power. It provides a medium for the articulation of ideas promul- gated by independent student research in order to facilitate understanding of the information element of power and to better address related national security issues. The anthology serves as a vehicle for recognizing the analyses of Army War College students and provides a resource for USAWC graduates, senior military officers, and interagency national security practi- tioners concerned with the information element of national power. Special thanks to David J. Smith for his significant editorial and adminis- trative support, to Ritchie Dion for his meticulous layout editing, and to Jennifer Nevil for the cover design. Information as Power INFORMATION AS POWER An Anthology of Selected United States Army War College Student Papers Volume Four Editors: Jeffrey L. Caton, Cori E. Dauber, Jeffrey L. Groh, David J. Smith Information as Power An Anthology of Selected United States Army War College Student Papers Volume Four Executive Agent for the Anthology: United States Army War College The views contained in this publication are those expressed by the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the United States Army War College, the Department of Defense, or any other Department or Agency within the United States Government. This publication is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. Published January 2010. This publication is available on line at the following: http://www.carlisle.army.mil/dime or, http://www.csl.army.mil/InfoAsPower.aspx Cover photograph by Staff Sgt. DeNoris A. Mickle, USAF. Used by permission. U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE CARLISLE BARRACKS, PENNSYLVANIA 17013 Contents Preface vii Section 1: Information Effects in the Cognitive Dimension Introduction 3 Professor Dennis M. Murphy Speed Versus Accuracy: A Zero Sum Game 5 Colonel Jeffrey L. Scott Developing an Operational Level Strategic Communication Model for Counterinsurgency 21 Colonel David P. Anders Empowering United States Public Diplomacy for the War of Ideas 43 Lieutenant Colonel Douglas W. Little National Communication Strategy 59 Colonel Suhail M. Alseraidi Section 2: Information Effects through Network and Knowledge-based Operations Introduction 65 Professor William O. Waddell Defining and Deterring Cyberwar 69 Lieutenant Colonel Scott W. Beidleman Impeding Network Centric Warfare: Combatant Command Information Technology Support 89 Colonel David A. Barlow Knowledge Centric Warfare: An Introduction 107 Lieutenant Colonel Robert B. Sofge Enabling Security, Stability, Transition, and Reconstruction Operations through Knowledge Management 129 Commander Timothy L. Daniels Endnotes 149 P reface The Information in Warfare Working Group (I2WG) of the U.S. Army War College (USAWC) is pleased to present this anthology of selected student work from Academic Year 2009 representing examples of well-written and in-depth analyses on the vital subject of Information as Power. This is the fourth volume of an effort that began in 2006. The I2WG charter calls for it to coordinate and recommend the design, development and integration of content and courses related to the information element of power into the curriculum to prepare students for senior leadership positions. This publication is an important component of that effort. Interestingly, one needs to go back to the Reagan administration to find the most succinct and pointed mention of information as an element of power in formal government documents.1 Subsequent national security documents, to include the 2007 National Strategy for Strategic Communication and Public Diplomacy, allude to different aspects of information but without a holistic, overarching strategy or definition. Still, it is generally accepted in the United States government today that information is an element of national power along with diplomatic, military and economic power…and that information is woven through the other elements since their activities will have an informational impact.2 Given this dearth of official documentation, Drs. Dan Kuehl and Bob Nielson proffered the following definition of the information element: “use of information content and technology as strategic instruments to shape fundamental political, economic, military and cultural forces on a long-term basis to affect the global behavior of governments, supra-governmental organizations, and societies to support national security.”3 Information as power is wielded in a complex environment consisting of the physical, informational, and cognitive dimensions. The current information environment has leveled the playing field for not only nation states, but non-state actors, multinational corporations and even individuals to affect strategic outcomes with minimal information infrastructure and little capital expenditure. Anyone with

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