DTIC ADA457915: Naval Air Defense Threat Assessment: Cognitive Factors and Model PDF
Preview DTIC ADA457915: Naval Air Defense Threat Assessment: Cognitive Factors and Model
Naval Air Defense Threat Assessment: Cognitive Factors and Model .,Dr.eh bPlae ha.bhJeciiLM ** c iefcince aigPcn S i,&rpeueonr.iGcgnnIE 0h1c3i 6w,neevei rreGDtiuS002 n,aoSge iADC 22129 C.A.P. Smith, Ph.D. ec a srpd emeSnlretaaatnvfsearyCNaSW . g, d3ml3o3BAo0R41 naS ,ogeiD AC1005-25129 tcartsbA sihT repap stroper eht stluser fo na noitagitsevni otni eht evitingoc stcepsa fo taerht.tnemssessa tae rthnTemssessa si eht ssecorp fo gnita utlfaavrecria taht era gniylf ni eht ytiniciv fo s’enopihs dna gninimreted woh hcum fo a taerht yeht tneserper ot s’eno nwo pihs dna ot eht regralelttab .puorg ataD erew detcelloc morf decneirepxe .S.U yvaN ria esnefed sreciffo sa yehtdetcaretni htiw a citsilaer .oiranecs stnapicitraP dengissa taerht dna ytiroirp slevel ot detceles ,tfarcriadna debircsed eht srotcaf dna elanoitar taht yeht desu ot evirra ta rieht .snoisiced owt-ytnewTsrotcaf ,.g.e( ,edutitlA ,deepS )FFI erew .deifitnedi stnapicitraP yltnetsisnoc desu ,tnereffid tub ,gnippalrevo stesbus fo ,srotcaf dellac profiles : A amehcs taht stsil eht srotcaf ot ebderedisnoc rof a ralucitrap epyt fo ,kcart dna eht detcepxe egnar fo seulav taht yna nevig rotcaf nac ekat.no ehT stnapicitrap deraeppa ot yllaitneuqes etaulave eht ,srotcaf dna tes taerht slevel tahterew ylesrevni detaler ot eht tif neewteb atad dna .snoitatcepxe tfarcriA taht dehctamsnoitatcepxe erew dengissa rewol taerht slevel naht tfarcria taht did ton hctam .snoitatcepxe taerhTsleveL erew desaib yb eht lacitilopoeG .noitautiS A ledom saw desoporp taht deidobme ehtrojam sgnidn infi eht.atad * sihT hcraeser saw detroppus yb eht eciffO fo lava N.hcrae sleaRicepS sknaht ot .rD euS snihctuH ta eht laevtaaNudargtsoP .ecnatsis sra erh o Af,Cyeretn o nMlioohcS Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2000 2. REPORT TYPE 00-00-2000 to 00-00-2000 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Naval Air Defense Threat Assessment: Cognitive Factors and Model 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego,53560 Hull REPORT NUMBER Street,San Diego,CA,92152-5001 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The original document contains color images. 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE 29 unclassified unclassified unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 1. Introduction sihT repap stroper eht stluser fo a yranimilerp noitagitsevni otni eht ssecorp fo tfarcriataerht tnemssessa sa ti si detcudnoc yb decneirepxe .S.U yvaN riA erafraW/esnefeDsreciffo .sihT yduts si trap fo na gniogno margorp fo hcraeser otni gnidnatsrednu dna gnitatilicaf eht tnemss.esssseacorp e hsTlao gfo s iyhdtu tesra y foittnedi dnaebircsed eht srotcaf dnaevitingoc sessecorp taht na riA esnefeD maet draobno pihs sesu ot ssessa dna ezitiroirp tfarcria,stcatnoc dna ot edivorp yranimilerp snoitacificeps rof a desab-ylevitingoc taerht tnemssessa .ledomoT tropp uesseh t,slaog atad e rdeewtcel ldmoeoccrnfe ilraevpaxNe D Alennosre psa ydeehttcaretni htiw a ,citsilaer desab-retupmoc .oiranecs stnapicitraP dengissa taerht dna ytiroirp slevelot t fdaer tcncr ieiyl ateeishn tif cori iv ,edphei t bh d sisenerrhaloc tatstdncean oadhayiftethadtresu .snois irec ivet eidaohrttra srotcaF era eht stnemele fo atad dna noitamrofni taht era desu ot ssessa ria .stcatnoc ,yllanoitidarT yeht era devired morf ,scitamenik ,lacitcat dna rehto .atad selpmaxE fo hcusatad edulcni ,esruoc ,deeps FFI ,edom dna epyt fo radar .rettime taerhT tnemssessa si ,denifed rofesu ni siht ,yduts sa eht ssecorp fo gnit atuflaarvceria taht era gniylf ni eht ytiniciv fo s’eno ,pihsdna gninimreted woh hcum fo a taerht yeht tneserper ot eht pihs sa llew sa ot eht elttab .puorg tIsi eno tnenopmoc ni gnidliub dna gniniatniam noitautis .ssenerawa tI sedulcni gnirehtag dna g,nnio dit i tatcgnahn enomwaddiirvlwtoeuecfloianehvi rseer b,nek adtna w othne gtraunhotitca sdeen ot.eb Backgroun2d. tfarcriA ,stcatnoc dellac ,skcart era dessecorp yb na detamotua tabmoc noitamrofni ,metsysdna deyalpsid rof eht riA esnefeD .maet ehT maet tsum etaulave eht deyalpsid ,noitamrofnidna ediced tahw snoitca ot ,ekat fi .yna tI si yllareneg demussa taht a dradnats tes fo srotcafro selbairav era desu yb riA esnefeD )DA( ,lennosrep dna taht eht ssecorp fo noitaulavedna noitacif istin eddeildnah yb ,dennalp dednimreted e.rapiretirc ,revewoH siht noitpmussa sinevird erom yb lacirotsih ecnedecerp dna ,enirtcod naht yb seiduts fo esu dna ecnailer no atad ybDA maet .srebmem ,eroferehT siht tcejorp saw dediug yb eht :snoitseuq tahW noitamrofni odDA lenn oes sr? uestg ptfnncaie arshetcswrnreAois cas easm rodoseticlaef rno ero m n?ashrtehdtnoa ?yllacitamet smy es ehyst euohDt , s hmttceanutbe ssmr s yoreasscus mCoth hat s nythiy,csoltrosiieolptg rgpiaenlmhmAoaesenik , .,, gee,.gsdenre(aue rop)cs e&d u l tda,inc.taig lt.eacepa(ytt fo radar & t n )ekyccreaoarrtttsaidh ot ezylana dna yfitnedi )DI( tfarcria .stcatnoc ehT metsys sngissa na DI ni noitcnujnoc htiwa namuh rotarepo ohw si gniyler no a llams tes fo srotcaf yllacipyt( denimreted erofeb ehtpihs snigeb sti .)tnemyolped rehtO tnaveler ,noitamrofni hcus sa ,yhpargoeg ecnegilletni ,stroperdna yrtnuoc fo ,nigiro tsum eb ylluf edseotparrugpetni yb DA lennosrep ot evirra ta na tnemssessafo ta elre h vstn.ee oylrditi ntiusaarqi roehagirTertp nhig ilhev ee ls lif atotcraiehtptcxa etsi tonllew detnemucod ro .dootsrednu nI ,noitidda ereht si a ticat noitpmussa taht eht taerht level fona tfarcria si detaler ot sti noitacifitnedi ,)DI( hcus sa laicremmoC ro lacitcaT ,tfarcriA dna ,erofereht eht eerged fo taerht desop yb na tfarcria nac eb yllacidohtem debircsed yb a denimretederp tes fo.srotcaf nihtiW eht krowemarf fo citsilarutaN noisiceD gnikaM ,)MDN( eht sessecorp fo taerht tnemssessa dna noitautis ssenerawa erahs ynam nommoc .stnemele noitautiS ,ssenerawa sa dyebnifed yels d,n5E991[ .p ,]63 si eht etats f oeg ddeelvweoinhkca yb …“ enhotitpecr efpoeht stnemele ni eht ,tnemnorivne … eht noisneherpmoc fo rieht ,gninaem dna eht noitcejorp forieht sutats ni eht raen ”.erutuf tsoM MDN sledom era deziretcarahc yb a ssecorp tahtsevlovni gnihctam eht nrettap fo a noitautis ot stes fo ,snoitca dna neht gnitceles dna gnitaulave nanoitca htiw tcepser ot slaog dna .snalp roF ,selpmaxe ees yelsdnE ,]5991[ nielK ,3991[ ,]7991 ztihspiL dna luahS ,]7991[ llahsraM te .la ,]6991[ ytafreS te ,.la ,nalliMcaM ,nitnE dna Entin [1997], htimS dna llahsraM ,]7991[ dna yrahcaZ te .la ,]2991[ dna kobmasZ dna nielK .]7991[roF eszl ietsdaaohhmtpme e,vsittnienngoopc maeotecesm nehoC te .la ,]399 1,[ne h,onCameerFdna n o,s 5p,9m]9 o71nh9[eT9h1o Cdn a n,i]e5l9 K 9od.1cn][ia7r9e9d1e[F erehT si a taerg laed fo palrevo neewteb eht stpecnoc ni eseht sledom dna eht stluser fosiht .tcejorp tI sraeppa taht taerht tnemssessa yam eb na ecnatsni fo noitautis ,tnemssessa dna tahteht sts.rns seeets fm c hen fstfoognanosa ortieoees pnsri srseinatgshehiwana tctauifotdorilpsiub .3y g noaoltioatdDcoehltleoMC 3.1 Participants neveS decneirepxe riA esnefeD sreciffO detapicitrap ni siht .yduts yehT erew detcelesmorf evitca ytud lavaN ,sreciffo ohw dah eht level fo teelf dna ria esnefed ecneirepxe tahtsaw yrassecen ot dnatsrednu dna ssucsid eht ria taer httnemssessa dnnoaitaz i.tsisreociorrpp eviFdah devres sa OAT ta aes .gva( 41 .)shtnom ruoF dah revo 3 sraey fo yawrednu DA.ecneirepxe ya w Dl er eAaem. esg tgisDdaae 9o atrAnwrm..tsra ueis4aee5vtrwvy.AaA6ey 3.2 Scenario s ol iad rreeaeprnvoeee lwcSresovfed e snuo igtn ainukilaFamv- EneohitsiceD a ytilic roflacitcaT smaeT )TTFED( yrotarobal ta eht ecapS dna lavaN erafraW )RAWAPS( smetsyS retneCot yduts lacitcat noisiced gnikam nid e gnidnam lanoitarepo snoitautis[ ,stsylanoS ,.cnI .]5991ehT soiranecs erew depoleved gnisu citsilaer ria dna ecafrus skcart dna detaicossa lanoitarepostneve ni a ,larottil naisreP fluG .noitautis yehT erew dednetni ot ecalp laitnatsbus latnem sdnamedno lacitcat noisiced srekam elihwr e gniniamrper e evitatnes fo lautca aes-ta .snoitarepokcabdeeF morf yvaN sreciffo htiw tnecer aes-ta lacitcat ecneirepxe detacidni taht eht soiranecserew gnid n cadimnteasdilae[r sn i&hctuH ,i k3s9l9a1 ws oadKeti cn iylleK &,.e]r6o9o9M1 oiran e”cDS“ sdaewtce lreosf sih tydut smorf eht tes . sfooira nteIcs sa wn eessouhacce bti daha egral noitroporp fo lacitirc skcart evitaler ot latot oiranecs emit-nur 51( ,)setunim saw feirbtey ,citsilaer dna degagne eht tseretni fo stcejbus ni suoiverp .seiduts ehT oiranecs detciped ehtSSU oiznA nwo( )pihs sa ti detcudnoc a ecneserp lortap yletamixorppa 05 selim ffo eht tsaocfo .tiawuK xiS skcart erew nesohc rof eht stnapicitrap ot hctaw dna .etaulave yehT detneserpera egnar fo taerht yrev( gninetaerht ot ton )gninetaerht dna a yteirav fo kcart sepyt ,tej(,relleporp ,retpocileh ,yratilim & ,)laicremmoc os sa ton ot timil eht egnar fo stnemmoc yb ehtstnapicitrap .re nap ool yktiuftctco aairarutottriasp ehT oira neeccasfretni si nwohs ni erugiF .1 ehT tolpoeG si eht pam ni eht elddim fo eht.neercs skcarT era deyalpsid no eht .tolpoeG ehT snottub no eht tfel lenap fo eht yalpsid wolla stnapicitrap ot tceles skcart dna enalria ,syalrevo dna ot mooz ni ro tuo fo eht .tolpoeG nehWa kcart si ,detceles sti atad ,.g.e( ,edutitla ,egnar ,deeps ).cte deraeppa ni eht retcarahCtuo-daeR w o l.dn te nnoehnf eihgaoeewtiphrrtcs tolpoeG tuo-d areeRtcarahC dn askcar thtiw senalria fl k c a rdtetcel ers oaft ahdtiw fl e.r1u giF .yalps indeer cosiranecS s3e.l3bairaV cihpargomeD .selbairaV dnuorgkcaB noitamrofni morf eht stnapicitrap saw ,detcellocgnidulcni ecneirepxe rebmun( fo shtnom fo ,tnaveler tcerid ecneirepxe eht tnapicitrap sah dah ni nasigeA , , kd) enngCma anI.ir niCktDitnAtaers tnednepednI .selbairaV stnapicitraP daer a lacitilopoeG noitautiS gnifeirB roirp ot gniweiveht .oiranecs tI dah owt :slevel esneT dna .dexaleR ehT sgnifeirb erew dedrow os taht yeht evageht noisserpmi fo rehtie a esneT noitautiS ,.g.e( elitsoh snoitca evah derrucco dna era detcepxeot )eunitnoc ro a dexaleR noitautiS ,.g.e( on tnecer ,seitilitsoh lla snoitcaf ylevitaler .)teiuqehT sgnifeirb erew detpada yb a tcejbus rettam trepxe )EMS( morf eht gnifeirb rof oiranecs.”D“ gnifeirB saw a stcejbus -,neelebwatierbav dna stnapicitrap erew yletanret ldaengissa ot ehtesneT .rdnoeoxiaslreeRv emoctuOserusaeM . ataD erew detcelloc ta eerht yllauqe decaps emit .slavretnistnapicitraP dengissa taerhT dna ytiroirP leveL ot xis ria ,skcart dna deifitnedi eht srotcaf taht tnew otnirieht .snoisiced ehT sleveL erew dedrocer yb eht ,retupmoc rof hcae kcart ta hcae emit .lavretniriehT nekops stnemmoc erew dedrocer yb epatoidua rof eht eritne emit taht yeht deweiv eht;oiranecs dna retal .debircsnart taerhT leveL saw denifed sa woH“ ,gninetaerht ro elbapac fo gniod,mrah si e h”t?kcart ytiro is radPwenife dsa woH “ nhociutmne totda uoy tnaw ot etoved ot si”h?tkcart dm eosg rl ne)fe1ahwv rToeoL.Lt() h7giH( 4.3erudecorP tn: a sepwsic iet nfcinfs e oiveoieruhntrvhoqcAreetfeaavsepo • stnapicitraP daer a lacitilopoeG noitautiS .gnifeirB yehT dluoc refer ot eht ,sgnifeirbsa netfo sa ,yrassecen elihw yeht deweiv eht .oiranecs ehT retnemirepxe detrats eht o sg idt. nl rengniae ahanedtrenspihane heiifweewetcncermhsiiiitftrrrbeappxe • ehT oiranecs desuap yllacitamotua ta oiranecs semit ,5 ,01 dna 51 setunim rofatad .noitcelloc ehT emas xis skcart erew detaulave ta hcae emit .lavretni ehT gnitarselacs deraeppa ni eht ataD yrtnE wodniW no eht raf thgir fo eht .neercs nA elpmaxe sinwohs ni erugiF .2 ehT tolpoeG deniamer ni weiv gnirud eht atad noitcelloc .ssecorp stnapicitraP dengissa a taerhT dna ytiroirP leveL rof eht kcarT yb gnikcilc no ehtgnitaR .selacS rewoL no eht elacs tnaem ssel taerht ro ,ytiroirp dna rehgih tnaem erom taerhtro .ytiroirp stnapicitraP dluoc egnahc rehtie .esnopser sesnopseR erew dedrocer ylnonehw dsetknca ipnliocci terhatp enoD .nottub • de b ssi etrrd hn o.c ettaetnsgra pl coenehriiyaididticheFskieiwhiashttcmntreoadcP tuo-d areeRtcarahC k c a rdtetcel ers oaft ahdtiw fl w odn iyWrt naEtaD fl e.r2ugiF .sela cgsnit ahrt iywalps indeer cosiranecS ,ne ocli natdecaniiu a rtt:,ei issplySikxorscEpaya onlr1eiaT.Gmn4iAlerP s ishiTsyla n sadaewtcudn ooct rgsennwiosninitaaste ruoeqtp e hotira nlea ccdsinta,islaoipboeG hcus :sa ereW eht skcart yltneiciffus tnereffid morf hcae ,rehto dna erew s’tnapicitrap stnemssessa ylevitaler elbats revo eht esruoc fo eht ?oiranecs dna diD eht lacitilopoeGnoitautiS gnife is?r ’gBstnaniiadbpniocp isotewrrTap 2 )gnifeirB( X 6 )kcarT( X 3 )emiT( sAVONAerew .detcud nsokccarT dna emiT ,5( ,01 & 51 )setunim erew detaepe rniht i.wstcejbus ehTtnedneped . yls tteeea ivlredrebernoLawhaiiTrrPav 1.1. 4oirane csSkcarT dlnaacintoiiltoapuoteiGS stnapicitraP deraeppa ot eb evitisnes ot eht euqinu srotcaf ni hcae kcart taht yeht .detaulaveyehT dengissa tnereffid taerhT sleveL ot tnereffid skcarT ssorca lla atad noitcelloc :slavretnikcarT niam tceffe( F )52,5( = ,15.23 p < ,)10. kcarT x emiT( F (10,50) = 12.40, p < ,)10. dn agnifeirBx kcarT x emiT( F (10,50) = 2.33, p = )420. . erehT saw osla a hgih evitisop noitalerrocneewteb taerhT dna ytiroirP leveL( r = .576, p < .)10. skcarT erew detceles yb eht rehcraeser os saot tneserp a yteirav fo taerht slevel dna kcart .sepyt tnacifingiS secnereffid gnoma eht skcartsaw nekat sa a noitacifirev taht eht noitceles fo eht skcart deveihca taht .laog ytiroirP sleveLosla degnahc ssorca .skcarT ,revewoH ereht erew ton yna tnacifingis stceffe ro snoitcaretninehw ytiroirP leveL saw desu sa a tnedneped .elbairav taerhT sleveL dednet ot eb rehgih ni ehtesneT ,n olia tctaiuutbtiil Soep hottecGef fseaw ton.tna caifingis sloc oslti aosfb ryortPlena Ven0tA.n5oC stnapicitraP erew deksa ot tnemmoc no eht srotcaf taht yeht deredisnoc sa yeht edam riehttaerht dna ytiroirp .stnemssessa riehT nekops stnemmoc erew dedrocer yb ,epatoidua dna retal .debircs nesahtrTptircsna rfto eht tdseocmnei rleapv xaseNreciffo N( = ;5 revo owt sraey foDA )ecneirepxe erew dezylana yb a dexim tsefinam dna tnetal tnetnoc ,sisylana sa denifed ybgreB .]8991[ tsefinaM tnetnoc era stnemele taht nac eb yltcerid ,devresbo hcus sa sdrow dna.sesarhp tnetaL tnetnoc si na noitaterpretni fo eht gniylrednu .gninaem ehT labrev slocotorp fo eht stnapicitrap erew decuder ot 884 stnemetats taht erew tnaveler ot eht hcraeser .snoitseuqehT stnemetats dedleiy 372 sdrow taht dednopserroc ot .srotcaF erehT erew 22 euqinu ,srotcaF12 ,stpecnoc dna ruof niam .semeht ataD noitcuder dna noitinifed fo ,srotcaf ,stpecnoc dnasemeht era dessucsid .woleb erehT si a lacihcrareih pihsnoitaler gnoma ,srotcaf ,stpecnoc dna.semeht . s deoe mtzh,eni cshineit tarhp d,sgaweoe s rrctzdteoonni nn rtoineaeceaccarmihagaestFrlaoeb no sitrtn oae ftcmtocis aafs1eFie.rts5hnsTeAdI ynA tnetnoc drow taht saw detaler ot eht ssecorp fo taerht tnemssessa saw dellac a rotcaF . tIsi tnatropmi ot eton taht na a iroirp tsil fo srotcaf saw ton desu ot hcraes hguorht eht .slocotorpA tnetnoc drow saw detnuoc sa a rotcaF fi ti sa wyltic i,ldpexteats ro fi ti saw deilpmi yb eht.drow roF ,elpmaxe eht stnemmoc hgih“ ”deeps dna 053“ ”stonk erew detnuoc sa secnatsni foeno Factor, deepS . srotcaF erew dedrocer dna detnuoc rof hcae tnapicitrap ta hcae emit lavretnidna ,.n koer .c iheddanttd e erIirnh rns dtdoicho oaordictsiwsoahacatlcweawnaeferm stnapicitraP dednet ot noitnem srotcaf ni a raluger .ecneuqes roF ,elpmaxe tsomstnapicitrap denoitnem taht yeht deredisnoc SE ,rettimE neht ,edutitlA neht ,esruoC dna os .no :etoN( redrO saw devresbo ni eht ;atad stnapicitrap erew ton deksa ot tsil eht srotcaf ni yna ralucitrap).redro elbaT 1 stsil eht 22 srotcaF ni eht dezidradnats redro ni hcihw yeht erew .denoitnem dezidradnatS redrO si eht naeM redrO dedivid yb eht rebmun )N( fo semit a rotcaF saw .denoitnem naeM redrO si eht egareva redro ni hcihw eht srotcaf erew denoitnem yb eht .stna pginciiztirdarpadna tdSecuder eht ecnatropmi fo yna nevig rotcaf eud ylpmis ot ehtrebmun fo semit taht ti saw .denoitnem tnecreP si eht egatnecrep fo semit a drow sawdenoitnem tuohguorht eht atad .tes redrO fo noitnem saw osla detaluclac rof hcae kcarT dna hcaetaerhT .leveL
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