DTIC ADA443628: Hydrologic Data for Water Years 1933-97 Used in the River and Reservoir Operational Model, Truckee River Basin, California and Nevada

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U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Hydrologic Data for Water Years 1933–97
Used in the River and Reservoir Operations Model,
Truckee River Basin, California and Nevada
Open-File Report 00-478
Prepared in cooperation with the
TRUCKEE–CARSON PROGRAM
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1. REPORT DATE 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED
2000 N/A -
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
Hydrologic Data for Water Years 1933-97 Used in the River and
5b. GRANT NUMBER
Reservoir Operational Model, Truckee River Basin, California and
Nevada 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
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U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street, NW Washington, DC REPORT NUMBER
20240
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The original document contains color images.
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a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE SAR 43
unclassified unclassified unclassified
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)
Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18
Hydrologic Data for Water Years 1933–97
Used in the River and Reservoir Operations Model,
Truckee River Basin, California and Nevada
By Steven N. Berris, Glen W. Hess, and Larry R. Bohman
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Open-File Report 00-478
Prepared in cooperation with the
TRUCKEE–CARSON PROGRAM
Carson City, Nevada
2001
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GALE A. NORTON, Secretary
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
CHARLES G. GROAT, Director
Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government
For additional information
contact:
District Chief
U.S. Geological Survey
333 West Nye Lane, Room 203
Carson City, NV 89706–0866
email: [email protected]
http://nevada.usgs.gov
CONTENTS
Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Purpose and Scope .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Description of Data Required for River and Reservoir Operations Model .......................................................................... 4
Flow Data .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Observed Flow ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Estimated Flow Using Water Balance ........................................................................................................... 31
Estimated Flow Using Precipitation–Runoff–Modeling System ................................................................... 31
Estimated Ungaged Gains and Losses in Truckee Meadows Using Water Balance and Regression
Analysis .................................................................................................................................................... 32
Precipitation Data ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
Evaporation Data ....................................................................................................................................................... 34
Evapotranspiration Losses from Phreatophytes ........................................................................................................ 34
Municipal and Industrial Demand.............................................................................................................................. 37
Forecast Data ............................................................................................................................................................. 38
Natural Resources Conservation Service Forecasts ...................................................................................... 38
Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System/Extended Streamflow Prediction Forecasts ................................... 38
Other Data Not Required for River and Reservoir Operations Model ................................................................................. 39
Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................... 39
References Cited ................................................................................................................................................................... 40
PLATE
Hydrologic features, data-collection sites, PRMS simulation basins, and model reaches of the Truckee River Basin,
Truckee Canal, and part of the Carson River Basin, California and Nevada
FIGURE
1. Map showing location of study area.................................................................................................................................. 2
TABLES
1. Hydrologic data required by the USGS Truckee River Basin operations model.............................................................. 6
2. Basins used for runoff simulations and data-collection sites included in data base.......................................................... 22
Hydrologic Data for Water Years 1933–97, River and Reservoir Operations Model, Truckee River Basin, Nevada and California III
CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND LIST OF ACRONYMS
Multiply By To obtain
acre-foot (acre-ft) 1233 cubic meter
cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second
foot (ft) 0.3048 meter
inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter
mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer
square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer
Temperature: Degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by using the formula °F = [1.8 (°C)] + 32. Degrees
Fahrenheit can be converted to degrees Celsius by using the formula °C = 0.556 (°F − 32).
Sea level: In this report, “sea level” refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929, formerly called “Sea-Level
Datum of 1929”), which is derived from a general adjustment of the first-order leveling networks of the United States and Canada.
List of Acronyms:
BOR: Bureau of Reclamation
ESP: Extended Streamflow Prediction
FWM: Federal Water Master
HRU: Hydrologic Response Units
M&I: Municipal and industrial
NRCS: National Resources Conservation Services
NWS: National Weather Service
P.L.: Public Law
PRMS: Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System
SPPC: Sierra Pacific Power Company
TMUGL: Truckee Meadows Ungaged Gains and Loses
TMWRF: Truckee Meadows Water Reclamation Facility
TROA: Truckee River Operating Agreement
USCOE: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
WQSA: Water Quality Settlement Agreement
IV Hydrologic Data for Water Years 1933–97, River and Reservoir Operations Model, Truckee River Basin, Nevada and California
Hydrologic Data for Water Years 1933–97
Used in the River and Reservoir Operations Model,
Truckee River Basin, California and Nevada
By Steven N. Berris, Glen W. Hess, and Larry R. Bohman
ABSTRACT of Pyramid Lake levels (fig. 1 and pl. 1), and for pro-
viding flows for spawning of the endangered cui-ui
Title II of Public Law 101-618, the Truc-
lakesucker and the threatened Lahontan cutthroat trout.
kee–Carson–Pyramid Lake Water Rights Settle-
The diversity of user interests, each with a demand on
ment Act of 1990, provides direction, authority,
the limited water resource, has resulted in long-stand-
and a mechanism for resolving conflicts over
ing and intense conflicts among various economic,
water rights in the Truckee and Carson River
political, ecological, and institutional entities. The
Basins. The Truckee–Carson Program of the U.S.
diversity in interests also provides a wide range of
Geological Survey, to support implementation of
alternatives for planning, allocating, and managing
Public Law 101-618, has developed an operations
the water resources.
model to simulate lake/reservoir and river opera-
tions for the Truckee River Basin including diver- Title II of Public Law (P.L.) 101-618, the Truc-
kee–Carson–Pyramid Lake Water Rights Settlement
sion of Truckee River water to the Truckee Canal
Act of 1990 (104 Statute 3289), provides direction,
for transport to the Carson River Basin. Several
authority, and a mechanism for resolving conflicts over
types of hydrologic data, formatted in a chronolog-
water and water rights in the Truckee and Carson River
ical order with a daily time interval called “time
Basins. One component of P.L. 101-618 provides for
series,” are described in this report. Time series
the negotiation and development of new operating cri-
from water years 1933 to 1997 can be used to run
teria, known as the Truckee River Operating Agree-
the operations model. Auxiliary hydrologic data
ment (TROA), to balance interstate and interbasin
not currently used by the model are also described.
allocation for water rights among the many interests
The time series of hydrologic data consist of flow,
competing for water from the Truckee River. In addi-
lake/reservoir elevation and storage, precipitation,
tion to TROA, the Truckee River Water Quality Settle-
evaporation, evapotranspiration, municipal and
ment Agreement (WQSA), signed in 1996, provides
industrial (M&I) demand, and streamflow and
for the acquisition of water rights to resolve water-
lake/reservoir level forecast data.
quality problems during low-flow periods along the
Truckee River in Nevada while simultaneously provid-
INTRODUCTION ing additional water for fish and wildlife resources.
Efficient execution of many of the planning, manage-
The Truckee River has a long history of providing
ment, or environmental assessment requirements of
water for a variety of economic, recreational, and envi-
TROA and WQSA will require detailed hydrologic
ronmental uses. Truckee River water is used for power
generation upstream from Reno; municipal and indus- data. Analytical modeling tools constructed and evalu-
trial (M&I) supply for the Lake Tahoe Basin, Town ated with this hydrologic data could help assess effects
of Truckee, and the Reno–Sparks vicinity (hereafter of alternative management and operational scenarios
referred to as the Truckee Meadows); irrigation in both related to Truckee River operations, water-rights trans-
the Truckee and Carson River Basins; maintenance fers, and changes in irrigation practices.
ABSTRACT 1
120° 119° 118°
LOCATION OF TRUCKEE AND
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Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000 0 10 20 30 40 MILES
UniversalTransverse Mercator projection
Zone 11
0 10 20 30 40 KILOMETERS
EXPLANATION
Hydrographic basin boundary
Figure 1. Location of study area, California and Nevada
2 Hydrologic Data for Water Years 1933–97, River and Reservoir Operations Model, Truckee River Basin, Nevada and California
The Truckee–Carson Program of the USGS was streamflow or lake/reservoir storages in the Truckee
established by the Department of the Interior to support River Basin over long periods of time. Because the
implementation of P.L. 101-618 by (1) compiling model was not intended to reproduce historical values,
records from the multiagency gaging station network it was not calibrated using statistical comparisons of
into a consistent long-term data base to provide reliable observed and simulated values.
data in support of modeling activities in the Truckee Time-series data of streamflow, evapotranspira-
River and Carson River Basins, (2) establishing new tion, precipitation, evaporation, M&I demand, and
streamflow and water-quality gaging stations for more streamflow and lake/reservoir level forecasts for water
complete hydrologic information and more consistent years2 1933–97 are necessary to run the operations
support of river operations, and (3) developing a mod- model for long-term simulations. The period of data,
eling system to support efficient water-resources plan- water years 1933–97, was chosen because it repre-
ning, management, and allocation. Modeling activities sented the longest period of time for which sufficient
within the USGS Truckee–Carson Program include the observed or synthesized daily hydrologic data were
following components: available to satisfy the input requirements of the
Truckee River Basin operations model. This period
(cid:127) Flow-routing models of the Truckee River and
represents a wide range of hydrologic and climatic
Carson River (upstream from Lahontan Reser-
conditions. Additionally, the streamflow, evapotrans-
voir), major tributaries, lakes/reservoirs, and the
piration, precipitation, and evaporation data can be
Truckee Canal (Berris, 1996, and Hess, 1996).
used to run the Truckee River flow-routing model dis-
(cid:127) Precipitation–runoff models for the headwater
cussed in Berris (1996).
source areas of both basins (Jeton, 1999, 2000).
(cid:127) Stream-temperature and total dissolved-solids Purpose and Scope
models of the Truckee River (Taylor, 1998).
The purpose of this report is to describe the
(cid:127) Operation models which simulate lake/reservoir 1933–97 hydrologic data (time series from water year
and river operations, including the Truckee 1933 through 1997) assembled for use with the USGS
Canal, for both basins (Berris and others, 2001; Truckee River operations model or other models. The
Hess and Taylor, 1999). hydrologic data consists of time series of streamflow,
lake/reservoir elevation and storage, precipitation,
The USGS compiled existing hydrologic data evaporation, evapotranspiration, M&I demand, and
and augmented the streamflow data network with forecasts of streamflow and lake/reservoir levels. Aux-
additional data collection sites to satisfy the operations iliary hydrologic data not currently used by the model
modeling needs of the Truckee–Carson Program. The also are described. Most of these auxiliary time series
USGS Truckee River Basin operations model dis- do not include the entire 1933–97 period. Auxiliary
cussed in Berris and others (2001) includes flow data might be useful for such objectives as comparing
routing and river and reservoir operations. The daily the effects of alternative management scenarios to his-
operations model simulates flow and operations for torical conditions. The time series of hydrologic data
three options. The first option simulates current (1998) consist of flow data collected or estimated by the
operational practices. The second option combines cur- USGS, U.S. District Court Water Master (FWM),
rent operations and those proposed in draft TROA1 and Sierra Pacific Power Company (SPPC), Bureau of Rec-
WQSA. A third option simulates WQSA without draft lamation (BOR), Truckee–Carson Irrigation District,
TROA. The operations model was designed to provide U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USCOE), Truckee
simulations which allow comparison of the effects of Meadows Water Reclamation Facility (TMWRF), and
alternative management practices or allocations on California Department of Water Resources (DWR).
1TROA operations, as described in Berris and others (2001), 2The term “water year” refers to the 12-month period
reflect operational rules and policies presented in the February October 1 through September 30. The water year is designated
1998 draft TROA evaluated in the Draft Environmental Impact by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, the year beginning
Statement/Environmental Impact Report by the Bureau of Recla- October 1, 1996, and ending September 30, 1997, is called the
mation and others (1998). “1997 water year.”
INTRODUCTION 3
Precipitation, evaporation, and temperature data col- John Vaccaro (USGS, Washington District) for help in
lected or estimated by the National Weather Service modifying a subroutine from the Deep Percolation
(NWS), Natural Resources Conservation Service Model which provided data used in the regression anal-
(NRCS), USGS, or Sierra Hydrotech Engineering Con- ysis of ungaged Truckee Meadows gains/losses.
sultants also are compiled. Streamflow and reservoir
level/volume forecasts, either from the NRCS or esti-
DESCRIPTION OF DATA REQUIRED
mated data using modeling techniques, are provided for
FOR RIVER AND RESERVOIR
use with the operations model. Estimates of evapo-
OPERATIONS MODEL
transpiration losses from the Truckee River by phreato-
phyte respiration also are included. Data describing
The river and reservoir operations model uses
M&I demand for Truckee River water were provided
the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN to
by SPPC. Only data in time-series format that are input
simulate daily flow routing and river and reservoir
to the operations model or are auxiliary data are
routing operations (Bicknell and others, 1993). HSPF
described in this report. Other data that are provided
was chosen because it can (1) simulate continuously
within or simulated by the model code are not
over time, including periods of storm runoff and low
described. Thus, for example, return flows from irriga-
flows, (2) simulate at a daily time step, (3) simulate the
tion ditches to the Truckee River are not described in
hydraulics of complex natural and man-made drainage
this report because they are simulated by the operations
networks, (4) produce simulation results for many loca-
model. For descriptions of these data, see Berris and
tions along the river and its tributaries, (5) simulate
others (2001).
river and reservoir operations, and (6) compute a
The time-series data were collected or estimated detailed water budget that accounts for inflows and
for sites and subbasins in the Truckee River Basin from diversions as well as different categories3 of water in
upstream from Lake Tahoe to Pyramid Lake. Some the river and reservoirs. HSPF is an internationally
data also are included for the Truckee Canal, a small used non-proprietary program maintained by the Envi-
part of the Carson River in the vicinity of Lahontan ronmental Protection Agency.
Reservoir, and Lahontan Reservoir in the Carson River
Simulation of Truckee River Basin operations
Basin.
and flow routing requires time series of hydrologic data
describing inflows (gains) to and outflows (losses)
Acknowledgments from the river, reservoir, and lake/reservoir reaches4.
The time series include inflows from or outflows to
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support
sources and locations other than from simulated flows
of personnel from Truckee Meadows Water Reclama-
routed from upstream reaches. Thus a time series of
tion Facility, Washoe County Department of Public
inflow to a reach may originate from a tributary or
Works, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacra-
drainage area that contributes flow to a reach or may
mento, Calif., for providing data necessary to produce
originate from precipitation falling directly on a reach,
this report. Tom Scott, Al Olson, and David Overvold
but does not include inflow routed from an upstream
of the Bureau of Reclamation, Roderick Hall of Sierra
reach. Table 1 contains a listing of all time series data
Hydrotech Consultants, Richard Moser of Sierra
required to simulate operations and flow routing using
Pacific Power Company, and several people in the
the daily operations model. Because of the large num-
office of the U.S. District Court Water Master, notably
Garry D. Stone, Jeff Boyer, Chad Blanchard, Matthew
Setty, and David Wathen provided insight into the 3A category of water is any parcel of water that is individu-
required hydrologic data necessary to simulate stream-
ally accounted for in an observed or simulated water budget. A sin-
flow and river and reservoir operations of the Truckee gle river, reservoir, lake, or diversion may contain several
River Basin. Special thanks to Michael Dettinger categories. Water within a category may have specific ownership
(USGS, California District) for assistance with the syn- or have a designated use.
4The term, “reach” refers to a reservoir or section of river
thetic historic climate time series, to Steve Markstrom
having uniform hydraulic properties used for simulation of move-
(USGS, National Research Program, Colorado) for
ment of water within a hydrologic network. The reaches defined
modifications to the Extended Streamflow Prediction for the USGS Truckee River Basin operations model are described
(ESP) program to accommodate forecasting needs, and in Berris and others (2001) and illustrated on plate 1.
4 Hydrologic Data for Water Years 1933–97, River and Reservoir Operations Model, Truckee River Basin, Nevada and California