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DTIC ADA441793: Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data From Monitoring Wells in Windham, Maine Water Years 1997-2001 PDF

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Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data from Monitoring Wells in Windham, Maine Water Years 1997–2001 Open-File Report 02-145 Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Windham, Maine U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 2002 N/A - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data From Monitoring Wells 5b. GRANT NUMBER in Windham, Maine Water Years 1997-2001 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey 1849 C. Street, REPORT NUMBER NW Washington, DC 20240 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release, distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE SAR 24 unclassified unclassified unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data from Monitoring Wells in Windham, Maine Water Years 1997–2001 By James M. Caldwell Open-File Report 02-145 Prepared in cooperation with the Town of Windham, Maine Augusta, Maine 2002 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Government. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 26 Ganneston Dr. Box 25286, Federal Center Augusta, ME 04330 Denver, CO 80225 http://me.water.usgs.gov CONTENTS Abstract...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Description of the Study Area.................................................................................................................................... 1 Physiography, Climate, and Hydrology............................................................................................................ 1 Description of Well Network............................................................................................................................ 2 Records of Ground-Water Levels.............................................................................................................................. 2 Continuous Records.......................................................................................................................................... 2 Periodic Records................................................................................................................................................ 5 Records of Ground-Water Quality............................................................................................................................. 5 References Cited........................................................................................................................................................ 6 FIGURES 1. Map showing location of the Windham aquifer study area, North Windham, Maine.................................... 2 2. Map showing monitoring wells in the Windham aquifer, North Windham, Maine........................................ 4 3. Graph showing daily mean water levels in well CW 1983, October 1, 1995 to September 30, 2001............ 6 TABLES 1. Selected data for wells in the Windham aquifer.......................................................................................... 3 2. Water level data for monitoring well CW 1983, water years 1996–01....................................................... 8 3. Water-quality data from the Windham aquifer, Windham, Maine, 1998–01.............................................. 14 Contents iii CONVERSION FACTORS AND VERTICAL DATUM Multiply By To obtain inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter foot (ft) 0.3048 meter mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer square mile (mi2) 2.59 square kilometer gallons (gal) 3.785 liter Temperature in degrees Celsius (oC) may be converted to temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (oF) as follows: °F = 1.8 *(°C) + 32 Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) as follows: °C = (°F - 32) / 1.8 Sea level: In this report “sea level” refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929)—a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929. Altitude: In this report refers to distance above or below sea level. Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (µS/cm at 25 oC). Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter (µg/L). iv Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data, Windham, Maine, 1997–2001 Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data from Monitoring Wells in Windham, Maine, Water Years 1997–2001 by James M. Caldwell ABSTRACT degradation of ground-water quality and will help Windham’s Planning Committee make informed deci- Ongoing data collection in an established sions regarding ground-water quality. well network in Windham, Maine, serves as an This report presents hourly ground-water level indicator of the hydrologic and water-quality data from a representative well in the study area. It conditions in the aquifer. This report presents data also contains water-quality data collected from 1997 to collected from 1997 through 2001, including 2001 in monitoring wells in the network. Specifically, ground-water levels, measurements of water- it includes nutrient data from samples collected at 31 quality field parameters, and concentrations of observation wells in 1998, at 20 observation wells in nutrients and arsenic. September 2000, and at 21 observation wells in August 2001. Samples collected in September 2000 INTRODUCTION also were analyzed for arsenic, to augment statewide studies underway by the Maine State Department of The Town of Windham is one of Maine’s fastest Health. growing communities and one of the largest communi- ties in the State without sewerage. Continued growth DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA poses potential risks to the quality of ground water. A common indicator of ground-water contamination is The Town of Windham lies 12 mi northwest of elevated concentrations of nutrients. The nutrients are Portland in Cumberland County, Maine. The study typically derived from sewage, fertilizer, and animal or area (fig. 1) is in North Windham, on the North landfill waste. One of the primary recommendations of Windham 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle. The an earlier ground-water evaluation (Gerber, Inc., 1997) population of Windham was 6,593 in 1970, 13,020 in was to monitor ground-water quality. 1990, and 15,600 in 2000 (Maine Register, 2000). Land use consists primarily of commercial and resi- The USGS and the Town of Windham have had dential areas. Most residential and commercial growth an ongoing cooperative relationship for many years. A in Windham has been in North Windham. Restaurants, network of monitoring wells was established in 1995, retail development, and light industrial businesses are as part of an investigation of the sand and gravel aquifer mainly along U.S. Route 302, which runs north/south in North Windham (Nichols and Silverman, 1998). A through North Windham. study on the occurrence of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was done in 1998 with the USGS, the Maine Physiography, Climate, and Hydrology Department of Environmental Protection, and the Town of Windham (Nielsen and Peckenham, 2000). Most The study area is bordered by hills to the north recently, in 2000, the USGS and the Town of Windham and northeast, Sebago Lake to the west, and Little began a 3-year low intensity data-collection program to Sebago Lake on the east. The terrain consists primarily monitor hydrologic and water-quality conditions in the of low relief and rolling hills to the south. aquifer. Monitoring the quality of water in the estab- lished well network will help determine if there is Abstract 1 Figure 1. Location of the Windham aquifer study area, North Windham, Maine. The climate in the Windham area is typified by Description of Well Network mild summers and cold winters. Records from a The primary identification number for each well National Weather Service (NWS) station in Lewiston, in the network is the 15-digit USGS station identifica- Maine (14 mi to the northeast), with 114 years of tion number (table 1). The secondary identification record, indicate an average annual temperature of number is the local well number, an alphanumeric 46°F, with mean monthly temperatures ranging from number, composed of an abbreviation of the county 20°F in January to 71°F in July (U.S. Department of name and sequential number (fig. 2). Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Well depths range from 19 to 132 ft. The Administration, 1999). The average annual precipita- screened intervals are mostly 5 or 10 ft, with a few wells tion at the Lewiston station, with 125 years of record, having longer screens (20 or 30 ft). Depths of the is 45.8 in. and is fairly evenly distributed throughout screened intervals of the wells range from 8 to 130 ft. the year (U.S. Department of Commerce, National RECORDS OF GROUND-WATER LEVELS Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1992). Continuous Records The Windham aquifer is termed a “significant sand and gravel aquifer,” with yields greater than 10 to One observation well in the aquifer, CW 1983, 50 gal/min to a properly constructed well (Neil, 1999). is equipped with a downhole recorder that records hourly ground-water levels. Ground-water levels for The aquifer is composed primarily of glaciomarine water years 1996–2001 are shown in table 2. Begin- deltic sands and gravels. A buried esker with high ning with water year 2000, ground-water level data hydraulic conductivity lies in the northern part of the also are published in the annual data report series aquifer (Gerber, Inc., 1997). Detailed descriptions of (Stewart and others, 2000). Water levels observed dur- the hydrology of the aquifer can be found in Nielsen ing the period of record with the dates of ground-water and Peckenham (2000) and Gerber, Inc. (1997). sample collected are shown in figure 3. 2 Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data, Windham, Maine, 1997–2001 Table 1. Selected data for wells in the Windham aquifer [Water-level data modified (values rounded) from Nichols and Silverman (1998). Aquifer codes: IC, ice-contact deposits; GL, glacial sediments, undifferentiated; TL, till; M, marine; D, deltaic deposits. --, no data available] Water level Land surface Screened U.S. Geological Survey Well Screen range, Local well elevation, Aquifer interval, station identification depth, length, in feet number in feet above code in feet below number in feet in feet below land sea level land surface surface 435002070255701 CW 1971 22 299.8 IC 17 - 22 5 12 - 16 434934070244101 CW 1975 47.5 273.9 M 32.5 - 37.5 5 21 - 26 435008070253901 CW 1979 109 309.1 D 104 - 109 5 37 - 39 434919070262601 CW 1980 36 307.1 IC 31 - 36 5 14 - 18 435018070250201 CW 1981 57.7 312.9 IC 44 - 49 5 22 - 28 434958070261601 CW 1982 55 297.5 GL 40 - 45 5 15 - 18 435039070261101 CW 1983 37.6 308.0 GL 32 - 37 5 14 - 18 435056070263701 CW 1984 132 295.1 IC 120 - 130 10 3 - 7 435055070263601 CW 1985 25.7 295.1 IC 15.5 - 25.5 10 3 - 7 434910070255601 CW 1987 111 303.5 IC 101 - 111 10 58 - 60 434941070261901 CW 1988 55 290.6 GL 48 - 55 7 1 - 4 434919070262602 CW 1989 19 307.0 GL 14 - 19 5 11 - 18 435002070255601 CW 1990 80 299.9 IC 60 - 80 20 25 - 28 435008070262901 CW 1992 54 305.0 GL 37 - 42 5 10 - 14 435008070262902 CW 1993 27 305.0 GL 22 - 27 5 8 - 11 434945070263401 CW 1994 20 276.7 TL 10 - 15 5 0 - 4 435012070265101 CW 1995 52 307.5 TL 22 - 32 10 11 - 15 435027070264801 CW 1998 35 312.0 GL 30 - 35 5 6 - 20 435026070264101 CW 1999 80 310.8 GL 78 - 80 8 18 - 23 435041070262301 CW 2000 70 319.7 GL 40 - 50 10 26 - 28 435131070261401 CW 2001 127 309.6 GL 97 - 127 30 13 - 16 434946070252301 CW 2003 67 316.2 GL 57 - 62 5 44 - 46 434927070255101 CW 2004 58 315.0 GL 38 - 58 20 49 - 51 435008070253902 CW 2005 48 309.0 GL 38 - 48 10 34 - 36 435040070264501 CW 2007 24 301.4 GL 14 - 24 10 8 - 10 435131070261402 CW 2008 27 309.5 GL 17 - 27 10 13 - 15 435026070264102 CW 2009 22 310.8 GL 12 - 22 10 11 - 14 435018070263201 CW 2010 32 310.7 GL 22 - 32 10 14 - 16 435014070264901 CW 2011 27 310.7 GL 17 - 27 10 12 - 14 435004070262101 CW 2012 27 307.6 GL 17 - 27 10 13 - 16 435136070271201 CW 2019 -- 312.8 -- 8.1 - 13.1 5 3 - 9 Records of Ground-Water Levels 3 Figure 2. Monitoring wells in the Windham aquifer, Windham, Maine. [Aquifer boundary from Neil, 1998.] 4 Ground-Water Levels and Water-Quality Data, Windham, Maine, 1997–2001

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