DTIC ADA420003: Performance of Fire Protective Coatings Subjected to DC-ARM Wartime Scenario Fires Aboard Ex-USS Shadwell

3.3 MB·English

by  Defense Technical Information Center

Naval Research Laboratory

‘Washing, DC 20275-5820,

NRLAMIRLGI80-04-8742

Performance of Fire Protective
Coatings Subjected to DC-ARM Wartime
Scenario Fires Aboard Ex-USS Shadwell

AxritnF Dunnis
Suncare

Adana Fie Reseurel Laboratory
ex ISS Saudsvell (ESD.25], Mobile, AL

Fecocnex W. Wauias

Ning Technology Center for Safety and Surivaitee
Chenery Division

ne Beata
Ins 7, Wo

Hughes Associates. bu

so 20040219 246

Jamuaey 16, 2004

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CONTENIS

INJRODUCTION.
TATORY.
EXPERIMENTAL
RESUITS
DISCUSSION.
Panel J: Fiee Dasier vs, Temp Costu

Pa

Fine Barece 520 v9, Bate Sted.
ancl S: Fire Barcier 2 ws. Temp Cost
Panel 6: Fire Baier 2 vo, Bare Steel
Panel 7: Fire Barrer 520 ¥, Temp Coat

CONCLUSIONS.

RECOMMENDATION.

REFERTNCRS
Nomenclature:
= Adjacent to Primary Damage Arca
+ specific heat, forsolids ¢, = ¢, = ¢
-ennvective heal uansler evelfvizal
- matsxial thermal condeelvily
heat fax (Btw ham)

~ Calorimeter, total heat flax 1
Primary Daraae cea

+ radiometer, radian! Heat Mux canaitucer
+ thermgeauple

+ temperature of the exposed surface

“= teraperature of he Maid ut some distance fara a surfice

wdncet

~ material diermal didtusivity. @— &
ye

partial derivative th raspeut lo ime

é a

~ Laplacian operator, 5+ e+
PCN OPSIEON BS * aye ae

~ Stef Bottamana constant

materiel density
PERFORMANCE OF FIRE PROTECTIVE COATINGS SUIKJECTED TO DC-ARM
WARTIME SCENARIO FIRFS ABOARD EX-USS SHADWE:

1. Background,

A fuutarnental youl al shighonnd freSghting ist find the Gre quickly, attack it
efficicesly and coaline tw tie-ares oF eriges (Ru. (1) ln order to satisly this principal,
fire spread must be conttotied

Bagel ws our curva! knowledge of fire éynamics we kuow that vertical spread of
fice could ovcae within 10 ‘nates of the Fre enrmpaetnientreachicg the Nashaver stage.
Hlosizontal sproad af fice ean cevur within 20 rio of the fte compartreent reazhivg
the Gaishover stage (Ref 2) (51). Conta heal transfer frona the five exmparinm! i
the surrouuding compartincats kas been prover to be critical in the conti of ire spre

‘The snbcet costings were provided to NRT, sai, ané appliod aban ex
‘Shartwell bythe manofscrurers. ‘The coatings wal requized application tabar
provided 10 a lovel sufficient for anc test only. Tae test was perfenned in eonjumetion
with the FYOO DC-ARM demonstration on aot to interfere huss using comptes ane
insinamertation resourecs not akteady desiyautell forthe KC-ARM progeun. The
Aiscassion that flows will describe what tke thors hefiowe hppated based on theory,
experience andthe availuble dala. Further testing and data wauld he roquived ts reach
any eonelusian that would either include ar preclude uso ofthe subject coatings choad
Navy ships

2. Theoret

‘The three modes of heat ansfer ars smuluetion, convection un radiation,
Conduction is tre mechanisn thet allows thermal energy ta teausiee fiom one diserect,
‘molocule to auother being in direut centict, Conduction i Ine meaus by which yur band
is bumed when grasping a hoc cast ieou frying, pau without beweFt ofa potholider. ive oF
the pothotter will not defeat the heat conduction process, it merely slows it down, The
potholder acts. as» layer of insulation. Its presence serves two purpaes, It increases
‘henna resistance fo transir of heat between the hol metal and your hend! and it reduces
Iherate at which your kand can be exposrd to that heat, The rate at which feat is
‘candictel‘hrough a material i 2 luncticm of matevial thersnophysical properties,
snugmituce af the heat source, magnitude of any tempelature pralcnt within G\e material
snd the Cime rate of ehange ef mca material ternporature

‘The convective mode of hect cranefer isthe result of uid movernent wver the surface
ef healed material, his s the methad by which your akin cools when expased to ait
occing finan un ar comitioning damper ura Pan, The rate at which heat is cocvexted
froma surface isa dteetfimetion of sudlave yeomeiry,fiuid notion, fluid
Tncrmodynamic properties and emperatirc difeseatial belwecn the heated sarface and its
surcuralings:

‘The final mode of het transfer is radiation. This isthe mechanisoy by which our
saumosphsr is beated by the sen, Radistion eas wceorm a vacuun and requires no
imersening meditan. The rate al whieh leat is radiated from a surface isu fimction of
sarface thermephysical properties an the cxisting tenyperalure differential helwocn thet
sutfuce ani it's surrewndinas.

‘swap pred Angus 208
Considering non-steady state conditions for a homogerseoas isotropic solid the wiles
o'heat wansfor ean bo dssoribed a,

o
Tuan 2 VET LAE

rca)
Faunioe

cs)
Goin 7 (ES Ea)
‘The tote} heal Mux emitled by a surface can be dofined as,
Baus = Banas + Bovmcee

a

3. Experimenial Set-up:

‘The test coatings were apylied by coating mamuficturors representatives to a
nawly installed bulkhead at framel8, second deck, aboard Inu Advanced Fire Research
Laboratory, ox LSS STTADWTIT. (Ref (6). The hulklead was consuneted of seven
individual, 4'x B's 44" sheets of earbon steel welded toa sto! femme, A joiner daor wes
installed ito panel #4 19 allow pevscmma! pansage throwgh the bulkheed. Location of the
(est evatinys, manfacturer's product code identity and the thickness of costing,
application are shown in Figure. 1. Type K thermocouples were placed against the
surfice of welevted patels, on both fire and nac-fic side of ths boletead st knew
Jecstions and coating thickness (Table 1). These thermocouples recorded ewaling suelece
temperatures over time. Tiae coatings wore applicd aft bulkhoad constuction was
‘completed. Appliation depth war determined by manufacturer representatives.

‘Type K thermocouples were also placed thronghont bomndary compartments lo messune
air taxperstures, Adchtional thermocouples were plavel in pile of ALPTTA realerials
and in both test fires tr manlarSyniton ane! progrens af the Sire.

Radiometers and calorimeters were ainod at regious of known costing thickness,
from the non-firo sid, to tasasure radign| aod fold} heal flux. An eptival eamera was
lived in a viewing port un the sturhoard side, aft of the test bulkhead to ave visual
teference to both the ALPHA aud BRAVO fies. An additions! optical earncra wee
plied om the starhnaml sik, onwail of the tes! bulked, view any synthetic
‘gpition of dhe ALDTIA snaterils placed against panc] #6,
Foruned sid of Test Bulkhead

Untesated
0 60 | Spel 4
a oar pas 60 45 [-
50
is Unmeemed | 40 a Ur
Steel Ste
50 sa 65 70
65
0 45 3D
Seon ‘TEMP-Coat TEME-COAT
After side of Test Bulkdead
ao | 100 95 a a
pur 0
s Oo one so ao |] ™
lia 40
% 0 4a Oo |e
nn
60 | so 0 |1in 70 60 60 | a
0
l Fe-52] FBS FB-L FB2 FE

igure 1. Sehematic of Vest Bulkuend Showing Coating Application

Panels Neambered 1-7 From Bll to Right
‘Tabet. Tustrumentation/Coating ‘Type Measurement Location and Coating Thickness

dactest | Gnches) (mils)
1 AL A OBS Te FRA 60 ~
2 Forward | 214558 30 1s FoR None oy
apa fe Pw pe sm |
: e
SE
ma fein 7 fe Pon |e |e
> Paap aoa 22 wt a
Two ftes were used for execution of tic test. The fargest was a combination of ALPHA and
ERAVO instorials located approximately 1.8 m (6) aft of the test bulkhead and slightly por of
conlertine. The BRAVO fuel for thie particular fre was. gpllon pool of Repti. This hepans
pol wax used to ignite the wand crib, The neuond fire was epproximatcly § gallons of heplane
‘yuntained in a 10" x 24 6" steel pen, This pool fine wan placel directly agains he all nde oF he
(cat bulkhead and coutered an the vertical scam connecting, panels ¥5 and A

In addition to the primeay fixes. pile of ALPHA muaterials, newspaper, was placed on he
deck and against the forward, nou-fire sid, of pancl #6, ‘his locatioa placed tae ALPHA materials
éroclly opposite the 3-gallon heptane poo! fie.

Schematics of the gencral test area can be sean in Figures. 2 and 3

4. Experimental #yocedaye:

‘The teat wus conducted during work-ups for the KY UDC ARM Demonstration
(Ret: (7)) utilizing a wartione necnariv feu. Milcrial condition Zcbra was set threnghout dis test
zone, main deck tothe 4! deck (rom frames 15-29. Te simula Inc tes: arsa being daniaged by
close proximity detonation of a enediuin sized warheucl the following itlings were opened prior to
ignition,

“Iwo hinged “blast panels” inthe 2" deck immediately aft of the test bulkhead,
Ventilation dampers in che forward bulehead of compartment 3-15
> Door 2-2-0

All ventilation in the immediate lest zone was secured prior to inition ts eutisty Damage
Contiol Doettie segarding venlilasion in th: eres ofa shipboard tne

‘Dats collection, actual commencement of ube esl, was alarledipproaimately 2 minmtes priar
to ignition of te test fives. This is slandend rst procsdure required ta collect umbient backyroud
dat. Yuition of the test fines was accomplished mually by membars of the Safety Tea.

‘Tie BRAVO pul fire, located against the test bulkhead, conturned ily fuel and bumcd out
approximately 15 miles uteri was ignited, ‘he Alpha fire wes manually extinguished
pproximtely 30 mniaoles aller it was ignited, Data collzction was secured upprosimately 45
‘minus after commencement of the i

5. Results:
% A snall portion of de coatings em the aft eaface of pancls 25 and 86, low und direey in Front

(oF the tet fire, exhibited Lunted intaruesvent response duc to inunediate and direet Marne
impingement kom the hoptane pal fre.
SS

Ss

FeaZanwran

Fignze 2, Plan View Schematle of Second Deck Instrumentation Layout