DTIC ADA360826: International Workshop on Glasses and Ceramics, Hybrids and Nanocomposites from Gels (9th); Sol-Gel '97 Held in Centre for Glass Research, The University of Sheffield, UK on 31 August-5 September 1997

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Volume 13, Numbers 1/2/3,1998 ISSN: 0928-0707
Journal of
Sol-Gel Science
And Technology
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Editor-in-Chief
Sumio Sakka
19990315 031
Kluwer Academic Publishers
JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Sumio Sakka
Sakka Laboratory
2-7-30 Kuzuha-Asahi
Hirakata, Osaka-Fu 573
Japan
CO-EDITORS
Kanichi Kamiya Lisa C. Klein
Mie University Rutgers University
Faculty of Engineering Ceramics Department
Kamihama-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie-ken 514 P.O. Box 909
Japan Piscataway, NJ 08854
USA
Jacques Livage
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie J.D. Mackenzie
Chimie de la Matiere Condensed University of California, Los Angeles
4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 Department of Materials Science and Engineering
France 405 Hilgard Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90024-1595
USA
EDITORIAL BOARD
Michel A. Aegerter Kensuke Makita
Institut für Neue Materialien (Germany) Central Glass Company (Japan)
Ilhan A. Aksay R.C. Mehrotra
Princeton University (USA) University of Rajasthan (India)
David Avnir Gary L. Messing
Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel) The Pennsylvania State University (USA)
C. Jeffrey Brinker Felipe Orgaz Orgaz
Sandia National Laboratories (USA) Universidad Autonoma (Spain)
Giovanni Carturan Edward J.A. Pope
University of Trento (Italy) Matech Advanced Materials (USA)
Sandwip K. Dey Michel Prassas
Arizona State University (USA) CORNING EUROPE Inc. (France)
Helmut Dislich Eliezer M. Rabinovich
Consultant (Germany) AT&T Bell Laboratories (USA)
Dibyendu Ganguli Angela B. Seddon
Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute (India) Centre for Glass Research (UK)
Massimo Guglielmi George W. Scherer
University of Padua (Italy) Princeton University (USA)
Larry L. Hench Helmut Schmidt
University of Florida (USA) Universität des Saarlandes (Germany)
Shin-ichi Hirano Donald R. Uhlmann
Nagoya University (Japan) University of Arizona (USA)
P.F. James Masayuki Yamane
University of Sheffield (United Kingdom) Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan)
Toshiyasu Kawaguchi Toshinobu Yoko
Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. (Japan) Kyoto University (Japan)
William C. LaCourse Bulent E. Yoldas
Alfred University (USA) PPG Industries Inc. (USA)
Tessy M. Lopez J. Zarzycki
Universidad Autönoma Metropolitana (Mexico) University of Montpellier II (France)
Akio Makishima
University of Tokyo (Japan)
ISSN 0928-0707
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ISSN 0928-0707
JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Volume 13, Nos. 1/2/3,1998
Guest Editors: Russell Hand, Peter James and Angela Seddon
Foreword Russell J. Hand, Peter F.James and Angela B. Seddon 15
Sol-Gel Physical and Covalent Entrapment of Three Methyl Red Indicators: A Comparative Study
Claudio Rottman, Avner Turniansky and David Avnir 17
Structure Control in Sol-Gel Silica Synthesis Using Ionene Polymers—Evidence from X-ray Scattering..
M.J. Adeogun, J.P.A. Fairclough, J.N. Hay andAJ. Ryan 27
Synthesis and Structural Studies of Porous Organobridged Silicate Amorphous Powder
Stuart W. Carr, Duan Li Ou and Alice C. Sullivan 31
On the Existence and Hydrolytic Stability of Titanosiloxane Bonds in the System: Glycidoxypropyltrime-
thoxysilane-Water-Titaniumtetraethoxide Dagobert Hoebbel, Manfred Nacken and Helmut Schmidt 37
Molecular Design of Novel Heterometallic Alkoxides as Precursors
R.C. Mehrotra, A. Singh, M. Bhagat andJ. Godhwani 45
Spectroscopy and Structure of Sol-Gel Systems RuiM. Almeida 51
Sulfide Gels and Films: Products of Non-Oxide Gelation L. Malier, J.P. Boilot and T. Gacoin 61
Chemically Controlled Condensation of Polyoxovanadates /. Livage, L. Bouhedja and C. Bonhomme 65
"O-NMR of Sol-Gel Processes of TEOS and TMOS
M.PJ. Peeters, T.N.M. Bernards and MJ. van Bommel 71
NMR Studies on Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions of Alkoxysilanes Containing Si—H Bonds
Virginie Gualandris, Florence Babonneau, Michael T. Janicke and Bradley F Chmelka 75
On Aging of Acid-Catalyzed Silica Sols—A Dynamic Light Scattering Study
B. Unger, M. Hahnert andR. Nitzsche 81
On the Microstructure of Geyserites and Hyalites, Natural Hydrous Forms of Silica
J. Göttlicher, HJ. Pentinghaus and B. Himmel 85
Rheological and Coating Properties of Modified Silica Sols
J. Marx, R. Lischewski, R. Schnabel, F. ApselandH. Böttcher 89
Fluorescence Probing of Composite Organic/Inorganic Transparent Matrices
V. Bekiari, M. Ferrer, E. Stathatos and P. Lianos 95
Inorganic Polymerization in a Non-Ionic Lyotropic Lamellar Phase
L. Porcar, J. Marignan and T. Gulik-Krzywicki 99
A Spectroscopic Study of an Anhydrous Tetraethyl Orthosilicate-Boric Acid-Ethanol System
Congji Zha, G.R. Atkins andA.F. Masters 103
Preparation of Inorganic Oxides via a Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Route .. John N. Hay andHema M. Raval 109
The Structure of Multicomponent (Titania/Zirconia) Nanoparticles
J.R. Bartlett, D. Gazeau, Th. Zemb andJ.L. Woolfrey 113
Mechanism of Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zircon in a Fluoride Medium
Remi Valero, Bernard Durand, Jean-Louis Guth and Thierry Chopin 119
Alkoxide Precursors for Er-Containing Glasses and Ceramics
G. Westin, M. Wijk, M. Moustiakimov andM. Kritikos 125
Fluoroalkoxides as Molecular Precursors of Fluoride Materials by the Sol-Gel Process
O. Poncelet, J. Guilment and D. Martin 129
Some Recent Developments in Aqueous Sol-Gel Processing A. Atkinson and D.L. Segal 133
Inorganic-Organic Polymers with Barrier Properties for Water Vapor, Oxygen and Flavors
S. Amberg-Schwab, M. Hoffmann, H Bader and M. Gessler 141
Design of Sol-Gel Coating Media for Ink-Jet Printing Bulent E. Yoldas 147
Sol-Gel Science and Technology: Current State and Future Prospects D.R. Uhlmann and G. Teowee 153
Structure Design of Double-Pore Silica and Its Application to HPLC
K. Nakanishi, H. Minakuchi, N. Soga and N. Tanaka 163
Net-Shape Manufacture of Low-Cost Ceramic Shapes by Freeze-Gelation
M.J. Statham, F. Hammett, B. Harris, R.G. Cooke, R.M. Jordan and A. Roche 111
Refractive Microlens Fabrication by Ink-Jet Process
S. Biehl, R. Danzebrink, P. Oliveira and M.A. Aegerter 111
Industrial Application of Hybrid Sol-Gel Coatings for the Decoration of Crystal Glassware
G. Schottner, J. Kron and A. Deichmann 183
Sol-Gel Formation of Reticular Methyl-Silicate Materials by Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition
J. Gun, O. Lev, O. Regev, S. Pevzner and A. Kucernak 189
Ceramic Foams from a Preceramic Polymer and Polyurethanes: Preparation and Morphological Investiga-
tions Paolo Colombo, Martina Griffoni and Michele Modesti 195
Mullite-Alumina Composites Prepared by Sol-Gel
A.M.R. Mendonga, J.M.F. Ferreira andl.M. Miranda Salvado 201
Optical Sol-Gel Based Dissolved Oxygen Sensor: Progress Towards a Commercial Instrument
CM. McDonagh, A.M. Shields, A.K. McEvoy, B.D. MacCraith andJ.F. Gouin 207
Synthesis of Bi 0 and Bi (Si0 ) Thin Films by the Sol-Gel Method
2 3 4 4 3
L. Armelao, P. Colombo and M. Fabrizio 213
Sol-Gel Derived Ti02/Lead Phthalocyanine Photovoltaic Cells
S.M. Tracey, SMB. Hodgson and A.K. Ray 219
Electrical Properties of Polycrystalline Lithium Chloroboracite Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method
T. Nagase, K. Sakane andH. Wada 223
Microstructures in High-Tc Bi-based Superconductors
S. Horiuchi, M. Cantoni, Y Tanaka, M. Ishizuka and L. Ben-dor 229
Sol-Gel- Potential Creative Applications for the Artist, Focusing on the Colloidal Alkali Silicate Route...
EdSmy 233
Bioactive Gel Coatings Derived from Vinyltrimethoxysilane
Kanji Tsuru, Satoshi Hayakawa, Chikara Ohtsuki andAkiyoshi Osaka 237
Direct Electrical Wiring of Oxidoreductase Enzymes to Silicate Based Electrodes
S. Bharathi, S. Sampath, J. Gun, L. Rabinovich, Z. Wu, I. Pankratov and O. Lev 241
Molecular Control of Bioactivity in Sol-Gel Glasses
Larry L. Bench, Donna L. Wheeler and David C. Greenspan 245
Nucleation of Hydroxyapatite on Silica-Gel: Experiments and Thermodynamic Explanation
Patricia Teixeira da Costa,
Tsuneharu Ogasawara, Maria Cecilia de Souza Nobrega and Luiz Claudio Fernandes Lourenqo Gomes 251
Phase Formation in Gels of the Apatite-Anorthite System
B. Samuneva, Y. Ivanova, P. Djambaski, S. Stefanova, Y. Dimitriev and M. Dimitrova-Lukacs 255
Sol-Gel Derived Calcium Phosphate Coatings for Biomedical Applications
D.B. Haddow, RE James andR. van Noort 261
Biodegradable Silica Fibers from Sols Monika Kursawe, Walther Glaubitt and Axel Thierauf 267
Production of Valuable Drugs from Plant Cells Immobilized by Hybrid Sol-Gel Si0
2
G. Carturan, R. Dal Monte, G. Pressi, S. Secondin and P. Verza 273
Sol-Gel Carrier Systems for Controlled Drug Delivery H. Böttcher, P. Slowik and W. Süß 277
Encapsulation of Microbial Cells into Silica Gel •_
Tomas Bränyik, Gabriela Kuncovä, Jan Päca and Katefina Demnerovä 283
The Application of a Sol-Gel Technique to Preparation of a Heavy Metal Biosorbent from Yeast Cells....
Jänos Szilva, Gabriela Kuncovä, Milan Patzäk and Pavel Dostälek 289
Sol-Gel Immobilized Glucose-Oxidase: Calorimetric Investigations of Enzyme Activities
U. Georgi, H. Graebner, G. Roewer and G. Wolf 295
Aerogels—Recent Progress in Production Techniques and Novel Applications
J. Fricke and A. Emmerling 299
Synthesis of Highly Porous Organic/Inorganic Hybrids by Ambient Pressure Sol-Gel Processing
Guozhong Cao and Hang Tian 305
Drying of Large Monolithic Aerogels between Atmospheric and Supercritical Pressures
Fikret Kirkbir, Hideaki Murata, Douglas Meyers and S. Ray Chaudhuri 311
Thermal and Temporal Aging of Silica Gels in Monomer Solutions
Mari-Ann Einarsrud and Elin Nilsen 317
The Subcritical Preparation of Aerogels Based on Sodium Water Glass Thomas Gerber 323
Chemical and Structural Evolution of Silica Alcogels During their Formation: Acoustical Study
L. Forest, V Gibiat and T. Woignier 329
Mercury Porosimetry Applied to Low Density Xerogels; Relation between Structure and Mechanical
Properties R. Pirard, B. Heinrichs, O. Van Cantfort andJ.P. Pirard 335
Parameters Involved in the Sol-Gel Transition of Titania in Reverse Micelles
Nora Frangois, Berta Ginzberg and Sara A. Bilmes 341
Differentiation between the Green and Turkish Blue Solid Solutions of Vanadium in a Zircon Lattice
Obtained by the Sol-Gel Process J.B. Vicent, J. Badenes, M. Llusar, M.A. Tena and G. Monros 347
Study of the Influence of Alkaline Ions (Li, Na and K) on the Structure of the Silicate Entities in Silico
Alkaline Sol and on the Formation of the Silico-Calco-Alkaline Gel
F. Gaboriaud, D. Chaumont, A. Nonat, B. Hanquet and A. Craeivich 353
Preparation and Characterization of Forsterite (Mg Si04) Xerogels
2
Matthew B.D. Mitchell, David Jackson and Peter F. James 359
Room Temperature Densification of Aerogel by Isostatic Compression
A. HafidiAlaoui, T. Woignier, J. Phalippou and G.W. Scherer 365
Structures, Properties and Potential Applications of Ormosils John D. Mackenzie and Eric P. Bescher 371
Structure Development in Simple Cross-Linked Organopolysiloxanes
G.J. Gibbons, D. Holland andA.P. Howes 379
FT-Raman-Spectroscopic Investigations of the System Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane/Aminopropyltri-
ethoxysilane B. Riegel, W. Kiefer, S. Hofacker and G. Schottner 385
Encapsulation versus Tethering in the Incorporation of C H Rh(CO) into Hybrid Inorganic-Organic
5 5 2
Cubane {SigO^} Copolymers Philip G. Harrison and Christopher Hall 391
The Sol-Gel Process for Nano-Technologies: New Nanocomposites with Interesting Optical and Mecha-
nical Properties H.K. Schmidt, E. Geiter, M. Mennig, H. Krug, C. Becker andR.-P. Winkler 397
Ceramers Based on Crosslinked Epoxy Resins-Silica Hybrids: Low Surface Energy Systems
L. Mascia and T. Tang 405
Coating of Tetraethylorfhosilicate (TEOS)/Vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) Hybrid Solution on Polymer Films
Young-Joo Eo, Duk-Jun Kim, Byeong-Soo Bae, Ki-Chang Song, Tae-Young Lee and Seung-Won Song 409
Porous Silica Obtained from Biodegradable and Biocompatible Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials
D. Tian, S. Blacher, Ph. Dubois, J.P. Pirard andR. Jerome 415
Preparation of Saccharide-Silica Composites by a Sol-Gel Method and the Application for Optical Resolu-
tion of Metal Chelate Compounds
Y. Akiyama, F. Mizukami, H. Izutsu, M. Sato, K. Maeda, Y Kiyozumi andK. Sakaguchi 421
Study of Hybrid Silica-Polyethyleneglycol Xerogels by Eu3+ Luminescence Spectroscopy
S.J.L. Ribeiro, K. Dahmouche, C.A. Ribeiro, C. V. Santilli and S.H. Pulcinelli 427
Hybrid Silica Gel-Polytetrahydrofuran Thin Films Alexandra Fidalgo and Laura Ilharco 433
Photoluminescence Study of Functionalized Polysiloxane Gel
R. Kalfat, N. Gharbi, S. Romdhane, J. -L. Fave, A. Chaieb and M. Majdoub 439
Processing and Properties of Inorganic-Organic Hybrids Containing Various Inorganic Components
Noriko Yamada, Ikuko Yoshinaga and Shingo Katayama 445
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Sono-Ormosils
E. Blanco, M. Garcia-Hernändez, R. Jimenez-Rioböo, R. Liträn, C. Prieto and M. Ramirez-del-Solar 451
Hybrid Xerogel Structure and Molecular Guest Dynamics ....F. Cms, L. Malier, J. -P. Korb and F. Chaput 457
X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Sol-Gel Derived ORMOSILs Based on Combinations of Tetramethoxysilane
461
and Trimethoxysilane S.L.5. Lana and A.B. Seddon
Thin ORMOSIL Films with Different Organics
K.A. Vorotilov, V.A. Vasiljev, M.V. Sobolevsky andA.S. Sigov 467
Leaching of the Anthraquinone Dye Solvent Blue 59 Incorporated into Organically Modified Silica Xero-
„ Jan-Christoph Panitz and Friederike Geiger 473
els
Hybrid Pigments via Sol-Gel Processing S. Hofacker and G. Schottner 479
Lignin-Silica-Titania Hybrids as Precursors for Si—Ti—C—O Fibers
Isao Hasegawa, Yuka Fukuda, Tomohiro Okada and Meisetsu Kajiwara 485
ORMOCER Coatings Based on Titanium and Poly(tetraethylene glycol malonate)
C.S. Deng, P.V. Wright andP.F. James 489
Vanadium-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials Prepared by a Sol-Gel Method
M. Mohseni, PF. James andPV. Wright 495
SAXS and TEM Investigations on Thermoplastic Nanocomposites Containing Functionalized Silica Nano-
C. Becker, B. Kutsch, H. Krug andH. Kaddami 499
particles
CW and Pulsed EPR Study of Silver Nanoparticles in an Si0 Matrix
2
G. Mitrikas, Y. Deligiannakis, C.C. Trapalis, N. Boukos and G. Kordas 503
Development of the SC-RTA Process for Fabrication of Sol-Gel Based Silica-on-Silicon Integrated Optic
Components RR-A. Syms, A.S. Holmes, W. Huang, V.M. Schneider andM. Green 509
Strip-Loaded High-Confinement Waveguides for Photonic Applications
E.M. Yeatman, K. Pita, MM. Ahmad, A. Vannucci and A. Fiorello 517
Photocurable Sol-Gel Coatings: Channel Waveguides for Use at 1.55 ^m
R Etienne, P. Coudray, Y. Moreau andJ. Porque 523
Structural and Optical Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Aluminosilicate Planar Waveguides Doped with Er34"
I M. Benatsou, B. Capoen, M. Bouazaoui, W. Tchana andJ.P Vilcot 529
0ns
Fabrication and Characterization of Sol-Gel Ge0 -Si0 Erbium-Doped Planar Waveguides
2 2
A. Martucci, G. Brusatin, M. Guglielmi, C. Strohhöfer, J. Fick, S. Pelli and G.C. Righini 535
Hole Burning and Fluorescence Spectra of Sol-Gel Derived Sm2+-Doped Glasses
Masayuki Nogami and Yoshihiro Abe 541
Sol-Gel Prepared Glass for Refractive and Diffractive Micro-Optical Elements and Arrays
Y. Haruvy, I. Gilath, M. Maniewictz andN. Eisenberg 547
Reversing Gels and Water Soluble Colloids from Aminosiloxanes
T. Suratwala, K. Davidson, Z. Gardlund, D. Collins and D.R. Uhlmann 553
Optical Nonlinearity of Hybrid and Nanocomposite Materials Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method
Fuxi Gan 559
Matrix Effects on Selective Chemical Sensing by Sol-Gel Entrapped Complexing Agents
NicoA.J.M. Sommerdijk and John D. Wright 565
Fabrication and Properties of Doped Porous Polysiloxane Sol-Gel Layers on Optical Fibers
Daniela Berkovä, Miroslav Sedläf, Vlastimil
Matejec, Ivan Kasik, Miroslav Chomät, AdnaneAbdelghani, Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault andMoniqueLacroix 569
High Performance Varistor Discs Obtained from Chemically Synthesized Doped Zinc Oxide Powder
Ramon Puyane, Isabelle Guy and Renaud Metz 575
Control of Dopant Adsorption from Aqueous Solution into Nanoporous Sol-Gel Films
O. McCarthy and E.M. Yeatman 579
Silicate Xerogels with Dopant-Induced Chirality
Krzysztof Maruszewski, Marek Jasiorski, Witold Waclawek, Wiesiaw Strek and Marek Lisowski 585
Preparation of Ce3+-Doped Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials Using Functionalized Silanes
M. Iwasaki, J. Kuraki and S. Ito 587
Qualitative and Quantitative Studies of Neodymium Doped Silica Gel-Glasses
Carole C. Perry and Severine Aubonnet 593
Effect of Pr3+ Doping on the OH Content of Silica Xerogels
C. Armellini, L. Del Longo, M. Ferrari, M. Montagna, G. Pucker and P. Sagoo 599
Preparation and Optical Characterization of Organoeuropium-Doped Silica Gels
Vilma C. Costa, Wander L. Vasconcelos and Kevin L. Bray 605
Fluorescence and Absorption Probe of Metal Ion Centers in Silicates Obtained by the Sol-Gel Technique.
/. Sokolnicki, K. Maruszewski, W. Strek andJ. Legendziewicz 611
Sol-Gel Fabrication and Properties of Silica Cores of Optical Fibers Doped with Yb3+, Er3+, A1 0 or Ti0
2 3 2
Vlastimil Matejec, Ivan Kasik, Daniela Berkovä, Milos Hayer andJifiKanka 617
CdSe Quantum Dot Doped Amine-Functionalized Ormosils Angela B. Seddon and Duan Li Ou 623
Sans Study of CdS and CdSe Quantum Dot Crystal Growth in a Silica Matrix by Sol-Gel
N. de la Rosa-Fox, A. Santos, M. Pihero, L. Esquivias, L. Gago-Duport andE. Hoinkis 629
Optical and Structural Properties of Doped ZnS Nanoparticles Produced by the Sol-Gel Method
D.U. Saenger, G. Jung andM. Mennig 635
Optimization of Ormosil Films for Optical Sensor Applications
P. Lavin, CM. McDonagh and B.D. MacCraith 641
Enhanced Second Order Non-Linear Optical Properties of Silica Sol-Gel Thin Films Through Photo-Induced
Poling B. Abbas and G.R. Mitchell 647
Aggregation Properties of Metallic Tetrasulphophthalocyanines Encapsulated in Sol-Gel Materials
M.A. Garcia and A. Campero 651
Photodegradation of Luminescence in Si0 : Rh B Gels Exposed to YAG: Nd Laser Pulses
2
/. Garcia M., E. Ramirez J., M.A. Mondragon, R. Ortega, P. Loza and A. Campero 657
Thermochromic Properties of Silver Colloids Embedded in Si0 Gels
2
V.M. Renteria, A. Campero andJ. Garcia M. 663