DTIC ADA338729: LDEF- 69 Months in Space: Second Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part 1

278 Pages·16.4 MB·English

by  Defense Technical Information Center

S-Y Second
69 Mh Post- Retrieval
Symposium,
June 1-5, 1992
San Diego, California
Sponsors:
LDEF Science Office
NASA Langley Research Center
American Institute of
Aeronautics and Astronautics
NASA Conference Publication 3194
Part 1
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Accession Number: 4923
Publication Date: Jan 01, 1993
Title: LDEF -69 Months in Space: Second Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part 1
Personal Author: Levine, A.S. (Editor)
Corporate Author Or Publisher: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001 Report
Number: L-17196
Report Prepared for: NASA, Washington, DC 20546-0001 Report Number Assigned by Contract Monitor:
NASA CP-3134, Part 1
Comments on Document: Donated by SDIO/TNK
Distribution Limitation 1: OPEN
Abstract: This document is a compilation of papers presented at the Second Long Duration Exposure
Facility (LDEF) Post-Retrieval Symposium, June 1-5, 1992, San Diego, CA Co-sponsored by LDEF
Science Office NASA and AIAA. The papers represent the data analyses of the 57 experiments flown on
the LDEF. The experiments include materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, science
(cosmic ray, interstellar gas, heavy ions, micrometeoroid, etc.,) electronics, optics, and life science.
Descriptors, Keywords: LDEF long duration exposure facility debris Space Experiment Data Analysis
Material Coating Thermal System Power Propulsion Cosmic Ray Ion Micrometeoroid Electronics Optics
Life Science
Pages: 289
Cataloged Date: Mar 10, 1994
Document Type: HC
Number of Copies In Library: 000001
Record ID: 45321
LDEF- NASA Conference Publication 3 194
Par
1
69 Months
in Space
Second
Post - Retrieval
Symposium
Edited by
Arlene S. Levine
NASA Langley Research Center
Hampton, Virginia
Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by
the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Washington, D.C., and the
American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics, Washington, D.C., and held in
San Diego, California
June 1-5, 1992
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Office of Management
Scientific and Technical
Information Program
1993
FOREWORD
Nineteen hundred ninety-two, designated The International Space Year (ISY), coincided
with the 35th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (IGY). The International
Space Year honored space exploration and the planet Earth and also marked the 500th
Anniversary of Christopher Columbus's discovery of the New World. Langley Research
Center, the home of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), celebrated its 75th
anniversary. In addition, 1992 marked the second anniversary of the LDEF retrieval.
Since publication of the First LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium Conference Publication in
January 1992, the LDEF principal investigators, co-investigators, and collaborating
investigators have had an additional 12 months to analyze and interpret the data from
LDEF's 57 onboard experiments and to reach a better understanding of the space
environment (ionizing radiation, meteoroids, space debris, and atomic oxygen in the upper
atmosphere) and the effects that prolonged exposure in this environment will have on
future spacecraft such as large low-Earth orbit (LEO) platforms, Earth-orbiting spacecraft,
and on future manned and unmanned spacecraft to the Moon and to other planets.
Results of the second year LDEF studies were presented at the Second LDEF Post-
Retrieval Symposium, held at the Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California,
June 1 to 5, 1992. This symposium was co-sponsored by NASA Langley Research Center
and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. This document contains the
full-length papers presented at the second symposium. The collection includes invited
review papers on ionizing radiation, meteoroids and debris, environmental effects on
materials, environmental effects on systems, and archiving of the LDEF data. Contributed
papers on ionizing radiation, meteoroids and debris, space effects on materials and
systems, the LDEF mission and induced environments, microgravity, and life science are
also included. The document organization is very similar to that of the symposium.
LDEF Mission and Induced Environments
Space Environments -Ionizing Radiation
Space Environments - Meteoroid and Debris
Space Environments -Microgravity
Space Environmental Effects -Materials
Space Environmental Effects - Systems
Space Environmental Effects - Biology
The Future
During the symposium William H. Kinard chaired the first half of the general session
containing the invited review papers, and Bland A. Stein chaired the second half of the
general session containing the invited review papers, plus the Mission and Induced
Environments papers, and a Microgravity paper. Thomas Parnell chaired the Ionizing
Radiation sessions; J.A.M. McDonnell, Jean-Claude Mandeville, Dale R. Atkinson,
Michael Zolensky, and Donald Humes chaired Meteoroid and Debris sessions; Joan Funk
and John Davis chaired the Data basing session; Ann Whitaker and Bruce Banks chaired
the Coating session; Philip Young chaired the Polymer session, and R.C. Tennyson
chaired the Polymer Matrix Composites session. Roger Linton chaired the Metals and
Metal Matrix Composites session. Gale Harvey and Bland Stein chaired the Contamination
session. James Mason, Joel Edelman, and Harry Dursch chaired the Systems sessions.
William H. Kinard chaired the closing general session containing papers on biology and
future activities.
iii
I wish to thank the contributing authors whose research greatly enhanced the knowledge of
space environments and their effects on materials, systems, and biology. The papers
contained in this volume underwent a technical review by peer reviewers and an editorial
review. I also wish to thank the technical reviewers for their time and effort in making this
collection as current and accurate as it is. I would like to thank Maureen Sgambelluri, who
assisted with the symposium logistics, and who cheerfully reformatted some of the papers
contained in this publication. I would like to gratefully acknowledge Susan Hurd, Mary
Edwards, Lisa Levine, Alisa Hollins, and Jeanne Gordon, for their support in editing this
document.
This conference publication is the second in a series of three LDEF Post-Retrieval
documents. In June 1991, over 400 LDEF investigators and data users convened in
Kissimmee, Florida for the First LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium. The results of the
symposium (130 papers) are printed in a three-part NASA Conference Publication,
LDEF-69 Months in Space: First LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium,
January 1992, (NASA CP-3134.) The LDEF Science Office plans to hold a third
symposium in November 1993, in Williamsburg, Virginia. Published abstracts for the
third symposium will be available at the meeting. Additional information on these
symposia may be obtained by contacting:
Arlene S. Levine
LDEF Science Office M/S 404
NASA Langley Research Center
Hampton, Virginia 2368 1-0001
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
The use of trade names or manufacturers in this publication does not constitute an official
endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or imnplied, by the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
iv
CONTENTS
F O R E W O RD ................................................................................................................ iii
Part 1
Mission and Induced Environments
Refinements on the Pinhole Camera Measurements of the LDEF Attitude ..... 3
Palmer N. Peters, Paul L. Whitehouse and John C. Gregory
LDEF Microenvironments, Observed and Predicted .......................................... 13
R.J. Bourassa, H.G. Pippin, and J.R. Gillis
A Generalized Approach to the Thermal Analysis of the Long
Duration Exposure Facility's Flight Experiments ............................................... 27
Thomas R. Sampair*
ENVIRONET: On-Line Information for LDEF ................................................. 51
Michael Lauriente
Space Environments - Ionizing Radiation
Status of LDEF Ionizing Radiation Measurements and Analysis ..................... 69
Thomas A. Parnell
Sensitivity of LDEF Foil Analyses Using Ultra-Low Background
Germanium Vs. Large NaI(TI) Multidimensional Spectrometers .................... 79
James H. Reeves, Richard J. Arthur, and Ronald L. Brodzinski
Radioactivities Induced in Some LDEF Samples ............................................... 87
Robert C. Reedy, Calvin E. Moss, S. George Bobias, and Jozef Masarik
A Photon Phreak Digs the LDEF Happening .................................................... 97
Alan R. Smith and Donna L. Hurley
Charged Particle Activation Studies on the Surface of LDEF
Spacecraft ..................................................................................................................... 107
Dlhan Olmez, Forest Burns, and Paul Sagalyn
Collection, Analysis, and Archival of LDEF Activation Data ................................ 111
C.E. Laird, B.A. Harmon, G.J. Fishman, and T.A. Parnell
v
Induced Activation Study of LDEF ......................................................................... 125
B.A. Harmon, G.J. Fishman, T.A. Parnell, and C.E. Laird
Revised Prediction of LDEF Exposure to Trapped Protons .................................. 137
John W. Watts, T. W. Armstrong, and B. L. Colborn
A Measurement of the Radiation Dose to LDEF by Passive
D osim etry ..................................................................................................................... 147
J. B. Blake and S. S. Imamoto
LDEF: Dosimetric Measurement Results (AO 138-7 Experiment) ...................... 157
J. Bourrieau*
Absorbed Dose Measurements and Predictions on LDEF ..................................... 163
A.L. Frank, E.V. Benton, T.W. Armstrong, and B.L. Colborn
LET Spectra Measurements of Charged Particles in P0006
Experim ent of LD EF .................................................................................................. 171
E.V. Benton, I. Csige, K. Oda, R.P. Henke, A.L. Frank, E.R. Benton,
L.A. Frigo, T.A. Parnell, J.W. Watts, Jr., and J.H. Derrickson
Light-Heavy Ion Measurements in CR-39 Located on the
Earth Side of LD E F .................................................................................................... 181
I. Csige, E.V. Benton, S. Soundararajan, and E.R. Benton
Three-Dimensional Shielding Effects on Charged Particle Fluences
Measured in the P0006 Experiment of LDEF .......................................................... 187
I. Csige, E.V. Benton, L. Frigo, T.A. Parnell, J.W. Watts, Jr.,
T.W. Armstrong, and B.L. Colborn
Development and Application of a 3-D Geometry/Mass Model
for LDEF Satellite Ionizing Radiation Assessments ................................................ 195
B.L. Colborn and T.W. Armstrong
Radiation Model Predictions and Validation Using LDEF Satellite
D ata .............................................................................................................................. 207
T.W. Armstrong and B.L. Colborn
Future Directions for LDEF Ionizing Radiation Modeling and
A ssessm ents ................................................................................................................. 221
T.W. Armstrong and B.L. Colborn
Cosmogenic Radionuclides on LDEF: An Unexpected 1°Be Result ..................... 231
J.C. Gregory, A. Albrecht, G. Herzog, J. Klein, R. Middleton,
B. Dezfouly-Arjomandy, and B.A. Harmon
Heavy Ion M easurem ent on LDEF ........................................................................... 239
D. Jonathal, R. Beaujean, and W. Enge
vi
Progress Report on the Heavy Ions in Space (HIIS) Experiment ......................... 247
James H. Adams, Jr., Lorraine P. Beahm, Paul R. Boberg, and Allan J. Tylka
Progress Report on the Ultra Heavy Cosmic Ray Experiment (AO 178) ............. 261
A. Thompson, D. O'Sullivan, J. Bosch, R. Keegan, K.-P. Wenzel, F. Jansen, and
C. Domingo
Au thor Index ................................................................................................................. 269
Part 2*
Space Environments - Meteoroid and Debris
Interim Report of the Meteoroid and Debris Special
Investigation Group ............................................ 277
Michael E. Zolensky, Herbert A. Zook, Fred H6rz, Dale R. Atkinson,
Cassandra R. Coombs, Alan J. Watts, Claire Dardano, Thomas H. See,
Charles Simon, and William H. Kinard
M icrometeoroids and Debris on LDEF .................................................................... 303
Jean-Claude Mandeville
Continued Investigation of LDEF's Frame and Thermal Blankets
by the Meteoroid and Debris Special Investigation Group .................................... 313
Thomas H. See, Kimberly S. Mack, Jack L. Warren, Michael E. Zolensky, and
Herbert A. Zook
Predicted and Observed Directional Dependence of Meteoroid/Debris
Impacts on LDEF Therm al Blankets ........................................................................ 325
Gerhard Drolshagen
3-D Crater Analysis of LDEF Impact Features from Stereo Imagery ................. 339
Clyde A. Sapp, Thomas H. See, and Michael E. Zolensky
Further Analysis of LDEF FRECOPA Micrometeoroid Remnants ..................... 347
Janet Borg, Ted E. Bunch, Filippo Radicati di Brozolo,
and Jean-Claude Mandeville
Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Experiment M0003
M eteoroid and Debris Survey .................................................................................... 357
M.J. Meshishnek, S.R. Gyetvay, K.W. Paschen, and J.M. Coggi
Derivation of Particulate Directional Information from Analysis of
Elliptical Im pact Craters on LDEF ........................................................................... 417
P.J. Newman, N. Mackay, S.P. Deshpande, S.F. Green, and J.A.M. McDonnell
* Part 2 is presented under separate cover.
vii
Characteristics of Hypervelocity Impact Craters on LDEF Experiment
S1003 and Implications of Small Particle Impacts on Reflective Surfaces ............ 431
Michael J. Mirtich, Sharon K. Rutledge, Bruce A. Banks, Christopher De Vries,
and James E. Merrow
Hypervelocity Impact Survivability Experiments for Carbonaceous
Im p actors ..................................................................................................................... 453
T.E. Bunch, Luann Becker, Jeffrey Bada, John Macklin, Filipo Radicati di Brozolo,
R.H. Fleming, and Jozef Erlichman
Hypervelocity Impact Facility for Simulating Materials Exposure
to Imp act by Space D ebris ......................................................................................... 479
M.F. Rose, S. Best, T. Chaloupka, B. Stephens, and G. Crawford
Analysis of LDEF Micrometeoroid/Debris Data and Damage to
C om posite M aterials ................................................................................................... 493
R. C. Tennyson and G. Manuelpillai
SIMS Chemical Analysis of Extended Impacts on the Leading and
Trailing Edges of LDEF Experiment A0187-2 ........................................................ 513
S. Amari, J. Foote, P. Swan, R.M. Walker, E. Zinner, and G. Lange
Cratering in Glasses Impacted by Debris or Micrometeorites ............................... 529
David E. Wiedlocher and Donald L. Kinser
Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis of
Impact Residues in LDEF Tray Clamps .................................................................. 541
Ronald P. Bernhard, Christian Durin, and Michael E. Zolensky
Projectile Compositions and Modal Frequencies on the "Chemistry
of Mi crometeoroids" LDEF Experiment ................................................................. 551
Ronald P. Bernhard, Thomas H. See and Friedrich H6rz
Asteroidal Versus Cometary Meteoroid Impacts on the Long Duration
Exposure Facility (LDE F) .......................................................................................... 575
Herbert A. Zook
Interplanetary Meteoroid Debris in LDEF Metal Craters ..................................... 577
D.E. Brownlee, D. Joswiak, J. Bradley, and F. Horz
Origin of Orbital Debris Impacts on LDEF's Trailing Surfaces ............................ 585
Donald J. Kessler
Damage Areas on Selected LDEF Aluminium Surfaces ......................................... 595
Cassandra R. Coombs, Dale R. Atkinson, Martha K. Allbrooks,
Alan J. Watts, Corey J. Hennessy, and John D. Wagner
LDEF Data: Comparisons with Existing Models .................................................... 619
Cassandra Coombs, Alan Watts, John Wagner, and Dale Atkinson
viii
New Meteoroid Model Predictions for Directional Impacts
on LD E F ...................................................................................................................... 665
Neil Divine and Rene Agiiero
Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Attitude Measurements of
the Interplanetary Dust Experim ent ......................................................................... 667
Philip C. Kassel, Jr., William R. Motley II, S. Fred Singer, J. Derral Mulholland,
John P. Oliver, Jerry L. Weinberg, William J. Cooke, and Jim J. Wortman
Elemental Analyses of Hypervelocity Microparticle Impact Sites on
Interplanetary Dust Experiment Sensor Surfaces ................................................... 677
C.G. Simon, J.L. Hunter, D.P. Griffis, V. Misra, D.A. Ricks, J.J. Wortman, and
D.E. Brownlee
Long-Term Microparticle Flux Variability Indicated by Comparison of
Interplanetary Dust Experiment (IDE) Timed Impacts for LDEF's First
Year in Orbit with Impact Data for the Entire 5.77-Year Orbital Lifetime .......... 693
C.G. Simon, J.D. Mulholland, J.P. Oliver, W.J. Cooke, and P.C. Kassel
The Interstellar Gas Experiment: Analysis in Progress .......................................... 705
F. Biihler, D.L. Lind, J. Geiss, and 0. Eugster
Space Environments - Microgravity
Follow Up on the Crystal Growth Experiments of the LDEF ............................... 725
K.F. Nielsen and M.D. Lind
A uthor Index ................................................................................................................. 733
Part 3*
Space Environmental Effects - Materials
LD EF M aterials O verview ......................................................................................... 741
Bland A. Stein
Oxygen Isotopes Implanted in the LDEF Spacecraft ............................................. 791
J.M. Saxton, I.C. Lyon, E. Chatzitheodoridis, P. Van Lierde, J.D. Gilmour,
and G. Turner
Silizane to Silica ........................................................................................................... 797
Gale A. Harvey
Stability and Reactivity of Dimethylethoxysilane ..................................................... 811
Richard E. Johnson and Douglas I. Ford
* Part 3 is presented under separate cover.
ix