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DTIC ADA338729: LDEF- 69 Months in Space: Second Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part 1 PDF

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Preview DTIC ADA338729: LDEF- 69 Months in Space: Second Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part 1

S-Y Second 69 Mh Post- Retrieval Symposium, June 1-5, 1992 San Diego, California Sponsors: LDEF Science Office NASA Langley Research Center American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics NASA Conference Publication 3194 Part 1 hWproved ?ompu r.z= reiss 19980309 213 National Aeronautics and 99 02310 39S pace 1 Administration PLEASE RETURN TO: BMD TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER L BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE ORGANIZATION American Institute of 7100 DEFENSE PENTAGON Aeronautics and Astronautics WASHING1ON D.C. 20301-7100 Accession Number: 4923 Publication Date: Jan 01, 1993 Title: LDEF -69 Months in Space: Second Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part 1 Personal Author: Levine, A.S. (Editor) Corporate Author Or Publisher: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001 Report Number: L-17196 Report Prepared for: NASA, Washington, DC 20546-0001 Report Number Assigned by Contract Monitor: NASA CP-3134, Part 1 Comments on Document: Donated by SDIO/TNK Distribution Limitation 1: OPEN Abstract: This document is a compilation of papers presented at the Second Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Post-Retrieval Symposium, June 1-5, 1992, San Diego, CA Co-sponsored by LDEF Science Office NASA and AIAA. The papers represent the data analyses of the 57 experiments flown on the LDEF. The experiments include materials, coatings, thermal systems, power and propulsion, science (cosmic ray, interstellar gas, heavy ions, micrometeoroid, etc.,) electronics, optics, and life science. Descriptors, Keywords: LDEF long duration exposure facility debris Space Experiment Data Analysis Material Coating Thermal System Power Propulsion Cosmic Ray Ion Micrometeoroid Electronics Optics Life Science Pages: 289 Cataloged Date: Mar 10, 1994 Document Type: HC Number of Copies In Library: 000001 Record ID: 45321 LDEF- NASA Conference Publication 3 194 Par 1 69 Months in Space Second Post - Retrieval Symposium Edited by Arlene S. Levine NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washington, D.C., and held in San Diego, California June 1-5, 1992 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Management Scientific and Technical Information Program 1993 FOREWORD Nineteen hundred ninety-two, designated The International Space Year (ISY), coincided with the 35th anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (IGY). The International Space Year honored space exploration and the planet Earth and also marked the 500th Anniversary of Christopher Columbus's discovery of the New World. Langley Research Center, the home of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), celebrated its 75th anniversary. In addition, 1992 marked the second anniversary of the LDEF retrieval. Since publication of the First LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium Conference Publication in January 1992, the LDEF principal investigators, co-investigators, and collaborating investigators have had an additional 12 months to analyze and interpret the data from LDEF's 57 onboard experiments and to reach a better understanding of the space environment (ionizing radiation, meteoroids, space debris, and atomic oxygen in the upper atmosphere) and the effects that prolonged exposure in this environment will have on future spacecraft such as large low-Earth orbit (LEO) platforms, Earth-orbiting spacecraft, and on future manned and unmanned spacecraft to the Moon and to other planets. Results of the second year LDEF studies were presented at the Second LDEF Post- Retrieval Symposium, held at the Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, California, June 1 to 5, 1992. This symposium was co-sponsored by NASA Langley Research Center and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. This document contains the full-length papers presented at the second symposium. The collection includes invited review papers on ionizing radiation, meteoroids and debris, environmental effects on materials, environmental effects on systems, and archiving of the LDEF data. Contributed papers on ionizing radiation, meteoroids and debris, space effects on materials and systems, the LDEF mission and induced environments, microgravity, and life science are also included. The document organization is very similar to that of the symposium. LDEF Mission and Induced Environments Space Environments -Ionizing Radiation Space Environments - Meteoroid and Debris Space Environments -Microgravity Space Environmental Effects -Materials Space Environmental Effects - Systems Space Environmental Effects - Biology The Future During the symposium William H. Kinard chaired the first half of the general session containing the invited review papers, and Bland A. Stein chaired the second half of the general session containing the invited review papers, plus the Mission and Induced Environments papers, and a Microgravity paper. Thomas Parnell chaired the Ionizing Radiation sessions; J.A.M. McDonnell, Jean-Claude Mandeville, Dale R. Atkinson, Michael Zolensky, and Donald Humes chaired Meteoroid and Debris sessions; Joan Funk and John Davis chaired the Data basing session; Ann Whitaker and Bruce Banks chaired the Coating session; Philip Young chaired the Polymer session, and R.C. Tennyson chaired the Polymer Matrix Composites session. Roger Linton chaired the Metals and Metal Matrix Composites session. Gale Harvey and Bland Stein chaired the Contamination session. James Mason, Joel Edelman, and Harry Dursch chaired the Systems sessions. William H. Kinard chaired the closing general session containing papers on biology and future activities. iii I wish to thank the contributing authors whose research greatly enhanced the knowledge of space environments and their effects on materials, systems, and biology. The papers contained in this volume underwent a technical review by peer reviewers and an editorial review. I also wish to thank the technical reviewers for their time and effort in making this collection as current and accurate as it is. I would like to thank Maureen Sgambelluri, who assisted with the symposium logistics, and who cheerfully reformatted some of the papers contained in this publication. I would like to gratefully acknowledge Susan Hurd, Mary Edwards, Lisa Levine, Alisa Hollins, and Jeanne Gordon, for their support in editing this document. This conference publication is the second in a series of three LDEF Post-Retrieval documents. In June 1991, over 400 LDEF investigators and data users convened in Kissimmee, Florida for the First LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium. The results of the symposium (130 papers) are printed in a three-part NASA Conference Publication, LDEF-69 Months in Space: First LDEF Post-Retrieval Symposium, January 1992, (NASA CP-3134.) The LDEF Science Office plans to hold a third symposium in November 1993, in Williamsburg, Virginia. Published abstracts for the third symposium will be available at the meeting. Additional information on these symposia may be obtained by contacting: Arlene S. Levine LDEF Science Office M/S 404 NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 2368 1-0001 Telephone: 804 864-3318 Fax: 804 864-8094 The use of trade names or manufacturers in this publication does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or imnplied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. iv CONTENTS F O R E W O RD ................................................................................................................ iii Part 1 Mission and Induced Environments Refinements on the Pinhole Camera Measurements of the LDEF Attitude ..... 3 Palmer N. Peters, Paul L. Whitehouse and John C. Gregory LDEF Microenvironments, Observed and Predicted .......................................... 13 R.J. Bourassa, H.G. Pippin, and J.R. Gillis A Generalized Approach to the Thermal Analysis of the Long Duration Exposure Facility's Flight Experiments ............................................... 27 Thomas R. Sampair* ENVIRONET: On-Line Information for LDEF ................................................. 51 Michael Lauriente Space Environments - Ionizing Radiation Status of LDEF Ionizing Radiation Measurements and Analysis ..................... 69 Thomas A. Parnell Sensitivity of LDEF Foil Analyses Using Ultra-Low Background Germanium Vs. Large NaI(TI) Multidimensional Spectrometers .................... 79 James H. Reeves, Richard J. Arthur, and Ronald L. Brodzinski Radioactivities Induced in Some LDEF Samples ............................................... 87 Robert C. Reedy, Calvin E. Moss, S. George Bobias, and Jozef Masarik A Photon Phreak Digs the LDEF Happening .................................................... 97 Alan R. Smith and Donna L. Hurley Charged Particle Activation Studies on the Surface of LDEF Spacecraft ..................................................................................................................... 107 Dlhan Olmez, Forest Burns, and Paul Sagalyn Collection, Analysis, and Archival of LDEF Activation Data ................................ 111 C.E. Laird, B.A. Harmon, G.J. Fishman, and T.A. Parnell v Induced Activation Study of LDEF ......................................................................... 125 B.A. Harmon, G.J. Fishman, T.A. Parnell, and C.E. Laird Revised Prediction of LDEF Exposure to Trapped Protons .................................. 137 John W. Watts, T. W. Armstrong, and B. L. Colborn A Measurement of the Radiation Dose to LDEF by Passive D osim etry ..................................................................................................................... 147 J. B. Blake and S. S. Imamoto LDEF: Dosimetric Measurement Results (AO 138-7 Experiment) ...................... 157 J. Bourrieau* Absorbed Dose Measurements and Predictions on LDEF ..................................... 163 A.L. Frank, E.V. Benton, T.W. Armstrong, and B.L. Colborn LET Spectra Measurements of Charged Particles in P0006 Experim ent of LD EF .................................................................................................. 171 E.V. Benton, I. Csige, K. Oda, R.P. Henke, A.L. Frank, E.R. Benton, L.A. Frigo, T.A. Parnell, J.W. Watts, Jr., and J.H. Derrickson Light-Heavy Ion Measurements in CR-39 Located on the Earth Side of LD E F .................................................................................................... 181 I. Csige, E.V. Benton, S. Soundararajan, and E.R. Benton Three-Dimensional Shielding Effects on Charged Particle Fluences Measured in the P0006 Experiment of LDEF .......................................................... 187 I. Csige, E.V. Benton, L. Frigo, T.A. Parnell, J.W. Watts, Jr., T.W. Armstrong, and B.L. Colborn Development and Application of a 3-D Geometry/Mass Model for LDEF Satellite Ionizing Radiation Assessments ................................................ 195 B.L. Colborn and T.W. Armstrong Radiation Model Predictions and Validation Using LDEF Satellite D ata .............................................................................................................................. 207 T.W. Armstrong and B.L. Colborn Future Directions for LDEF Ionizing Radiation Modeling and A ssessm ents ................................................................................................................. 221 T.W. Armstrong and B.L. Colborn Cosmogenic Radionuclides on LDEF: An Unexpected 1°Be Result ..................... 231 J.C. Gregory, A. Albrecht, G. Herzog, J. Klein, R. Middleton, B. Dezfouly-Arjomandy, and B.A. Harmon Heavy Ion M easurem ent on LDEF ........................................................................... 239 D. Jonathal, R. Beaujean, and W. Enge vi Progress Report on the Heavy Ions in Space (HIIS) Experiment ......................... 247 James H. Adams, Jr., Lorraine P. Beahm, Paul R. Boberg, and Allan J. Tylka Progress Report on the Ultra Heavy Cosmic Ray Experiment (AO 178) ............. 261 A. Thompson, D. O'Sullivan, J. Bosch, R. Keegan, K.-P. Wenzel, F. Jansen, and C. Domingo Au thor Index ................................................................................................................. 269 Part 2* Space Environments - Meteoroid and Debris Interim Report of the Meteoroid and Debris Special Investigation Group ............................................ 277 Michael E. Zolensky, Herbert A. Zook, Fred H6rz, Dale R. Atkinson, Cassandra R. Coombs, Alan J. Watts, Claire Dardano, Thomas H. See, Charles Simon, and William H. Kinard M icrometeoroids and Debris on LDEF .................................................................... 303 Jean-Claude Mandeville Continued Investigation of LDEF's Frame and Thermal Blankets by the Meteoroid and Debris Special Investigation Group .................................... 313 Thomas H. See, Kimberly S. Mack, Jack L. Warren, Michael E. Zolensky, and Herbert A. Zook Predicted and Observed Directional Dependence of Meteoroid/Debris Impacts on LDEF Therm al Blankets ........................................................................ 325 Gerhard Drolshagen 3-D Crater Analysis of LDEF Impact Features from Stereo Imagery ................. 339 Clyde A. Sapp, Thomas H. See, and Michael E. Zolensky Further Analysis of LDEF FRECOPA Micrometeoroid Remnants ..................... 347 Janet Borg, Ted E. Bunch, Filippo Radicati di Brozolo, and Jean-Claude Mandeville Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Experiment M0003 M eteoroid and Debris Survey .................................................................................... 357 M.J. Meshishnek, S.R. Gyetvay, K.W. Paschen, and J.M. Coggi Derivation of Particulate Directional Information from Analysis of Elliptical Im pact Craters on LDEF ........................................................................... 417 P.J. Newman, N. Mackay, S.P. Deshpande, S.F. Green, and J.A.M. McDonnell * Part 2 is presented under separate cover. vii Characteristics of Hypervelocity Impact Craters on LDEF Experiment S1003 and Implications of Small Particle Impacts on Reflective Surfaces ............ 431 Michael J. Mirtich, Sharon K. Rutledge, Bruce A. Banks, Christopher De Vries, and James E. Merrow Hypervelocity Impact Survivability Experiments for Carbonaceous Im p actors ..................................................................................................................... 453 T.E. Bunch, Luann Becker, Jeffrey Bada, John Macklin, Filipo Radicati di Brozolo, R.H. Fleming, and Jozef Erlichman Hypervelocity Impact Facility for Simulating Materials Exposure to Imp act by Space D ebris ......................................................................................... 479 M.F. Rose, S. Best, T. Chaloupka, B. Stephens, and G. Crawford Analysis of LDEF Micrometeoroid/Debris Data and Damage to C om posite M aterials ................................................................................................... 493 R. C. Tennyson and G. Manuelpillai SIMS Chemical Analysis of Extended Impacts on the Leading and Trailing Edges of LDEF Experiment A0187-2 ........................................................ 513 S. Amari, J. Foote, P. Swan, R.M. Walker, E. Zinner, and G. Lange Cratering in Glasses Impacted by Debris or Micrometeorites ............................... 529 David E. Wiedlocher and Donald L. Kinser Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis of Impact Residues in LDEF Tray Clamps .................................................................. 541 Ronald P. Bernhard, Christian Durin, and Michael E. Zolensky Projectile Compositions and Modal Frequencies on the "Chemistry of Mi crometeoroids" LDEF Experiment ................................................................. 551 Ronald P. Bernhard, Thomas H. See and Friedrich H6rz Asteroidal Versus Cometary Meteoroid Impacts on the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDE F) .......................................................................................... 575 Herbert A. Zook Interplanetary Meteoroid Debris in LDEF Metal Craters ..................................... 577 D.E. Brownlee, D. Joswiak, J. Bradley, and F. Horz Origin of Orbital Debris Impacts on LDEF's Trailing Surfaces ............................ 585 Donald J. Kessler Damage Areas on Selected LDEF Aluminium Surfaces ......................................... 595 Cassandra R. Coombs, Dale R. Atkinson, Martha K. Allbrooks, Alan J. Watts, Corey J. Hennessy, and John D. Wagner LDEF Data: Comparisons with Existing Models .................................................... 619 Cassandra Coombs, Alan Watts, John Wagner, and Dale Atkinson viii New Meteoroid Model Predictions for Directional Impacts on LD E F ...................................................................................................................... 665 Neil Divine and Rene Agiiero Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Attitude Measurements of the Interplanetary Dust Experim ent ......................................................................... 667 Philip C. Kassel, Jr., William R. Motley II, S. Fred Singer, J. Derral Mulholland, John P. Oliver, Jerry L. Weinberg, William J. Cooke, and Jim J. Wortman Elemental Analyses of Hypervelocity Microparticle Impact Sites on Interplanetary Dust Experiment Sensor Surfaces ................................................... 677 C.G. Simon, J.L. Hunter, D.P. Griffis, V. Misra, D.A. Ricks, J.J. Wortman, and D.E. Brownlee Long-Term Microparticle Flux Variability Indicated by Comparison of Interplanetary Dust Experiment (IDE) Timed Impacts for LDEF's First Year in Orbit with Impact Data for the Entire 5.77-Year Orbital Lifetime .......... 693 C.G. Simon, J.D. Mulholland, J.P. Oliver, W.J. Cooke, and P.C. Kassel The Interstellar Gas Experiment: Analysis in Progress .......................................... 705 F. Biihler, D.L. Lind, J. Geiss, and 0. Eugster Space Environments - Microgravity Follow Up on the Crystal Growth Experiments of the LDEF ............................... 725 K.F. Nielsen and M.D. Lind A uthor Index ................................................................................................................. 733 Part 3* Space Environmental Effects - Materials LD EF M aterials O verview ......................................................................................... 741 Bland A. Stein Oxygen Isotopes Implanted in the LDEF Spacecraft ............................................. 791 J.M. Saxton, I.C. Lyon, E. Chatzitheodoridis, P. Van Lierde, J.D. Gilmour, and G. Turner Silizane to Silica ........................................................................................................... 797 Gale A. Harvey Stability and Reactivity of Dimethylethoxysilane ..................................................... 811 Richard E. Johnson and Douglas I. Ford * Part 3 is presented under separate cover. ix

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