DTIC ADA268643: Proceedings of the Conference on Chemical Risk Assessment in the DoD: science, Policy, and Practice Held in Dayton, Ohio on April 8-11, 1991

235 Pages·16.5 MB·English

by  Defense Technical Information Center

AD-A268 6 4 3Q--
AL-TR-1993-0001 Illllllllllllllllllll
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PROCEEDINGS
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ON CHEMICAL
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IN THE DoD: SCIENCE,
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AND PRACTICE
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H. J. Clewell III, Editor
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MANTECH ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, INC.
P.O. BOX 31009
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DAYTON, OH 45437-0009
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JANUARY 1993 IC)
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R FINAL REPORT FOR THE PERIOD 9 THROUGH 11 APRIL 1991
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
93 8 23 020
AIR FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OHIO 45433-6573
010
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TECHNICAL REVIEW AND APPROVAL
AL-TR-1993-0002
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Armstrong Laboratory
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave Blank) 2. REPORT DATE i3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
January 1993 Final - 9 through 11 April1991
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE S. FUNDING NUMBERS
Proceedings of the Conference on Chemical Risk Assessment in the DoD: Contract F33615-90-C-0532
Science, Policy, and Practice PE 62202F
PR 6302
6. AUTHOR(S) TA 630200
H.J. Clewell, III, Editor WU 63020002
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc. REPORT NUMBER
P.O. Box 31009
Dayton, OH 45437-0009
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING /MONITORING
AL/OET AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
Armstrong Laboratory AL-TR-1993-0001
Wright-Petterson AFB, 01 45433-7400 NMRI-93-10
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Approved for public release; distribution is-unlimited.
13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
This conference was held to promote the exchange of information between those who develop risk assessment
methodologies and those who perform risk assessments for the Department of Defense (DoD). The conference
featured invited presentations by noted individuals in the field of risk assessment and a poster session on studies
relevant to the conference theme. Sessions were held on: DoD approaches to chemical risk assessment,
principles of chemical risk assessment, issues in the science and methodology of chemical risk assessment,
current applications of chemical risk assessment in the military, new directions in chemical risk assessment
methodologies, and issues in risk management. Special topics in chemical risk assessment highlighted the
history of the three service toxicology units.
14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES
Biologically based models Carcinogenic risks Chemical risk assessment 252
Chemical spill response Environmental law Environmental risk assessment
Exposure guidelines Exposure assessment Extrapolation of carcinogenesis 16. PRE CODE
17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. UMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UL
NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)
Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18
298-102
14. Subject terms (continued)
Intermittent exposure
Liquid gun propellants
Noncarcinogenic chemical effects
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Quantitative risk assessment
Risk assessment
Risk assessment methods
Risk management
Site-specific assessment
Trichloroethylene
Uncertainties in risk assessment
Conference on
Chemical Risk Assessment
in the Department of Defense (DoD):
Science, Policy, and Practice
Accesion For
NTIS R A&r
Editor E
.............................
Harvey J. Clewel, M By
.-.J" di (cid:127) I|, ('O'eS,
A-if
DTIC QUALITY ruLýECTED 3
A Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, Inc.
Cincinnati, Ohio
• ., , i i II I I I
The Conference on Chemical Risk Assessment in the Department of Dedense (DoD): Science,
Policy, and Practice was held at the Holiday Inn Conference Center In Dayton, Ohio, from 9 through
11 April 1991. The conference was sponsored by the Toxicology Division, Occupational and
Environmental Health Directorate, Armstrong Laboratory, the Toxicology Detachment, Naval
Medical Research Institute; and the Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory, with
the cooperation of the National Research Council Committee on Toxicology. Dr. Richard D. Thomas,
National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences chaired the Conference.
ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Toxmc Hazards Research Unit, coordinated the
conference und Department of the Air Force Contract No. F33615-90-C-0632 (Task No. CO0).
IA Col James N. McDougal served as Contract Technical Monitor for the U.S. Air Force, Armstrong
Laboratory, Toxicology Division.
The technical proceedings of this conference were published by the American Conference ot
Governmental Industrial Hygientists, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio (ISBN: 0-936712-90-2) in September
1992 and am reproduced herein with permission of the publisher. The technical proceedings is
followed by an Appendix containing the abstracts of the posters presented at the Conference.
The opinions contained in this report and the views expresmed in thus papers ar those of the
authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the policy or position of the Department of
Defense, its individual components, or the U.S. Government.
ii
Contents
Preface
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
IntrJod ction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
I. DoD Approaches to Chemical Risk Assessment
Chemical Risk Assessment - The Navy Occupational Approach
J. Thomas Pierce ........................ ........................... 3
U.S. Army Approach to Environmental Risk Assessment
PaulR . Thies ........................... ............................ 9
Risk Assessment/Risk Management for Emergency Response Operations
Edward C. Bishop ...................... ........................... ....
Four Decades of Scientific Service: The Committee on Toxicology
RichardD. Thomas ................... .......................... 17
II. Principles of Chemical Risk Assessment
Principles of Risk Assessment: Overview of the Risk Assessment Process
JohnD oull ...................... ............................. .. 25
Issues/State-of-the-Art Methodology for the National Research Council's Committee
on Risk Assessment Methods
BernardD . Goldstemn .................... .......................... ... 27
Principles of Chemical Risk Assessment The ATSDR Perspective
Barry L. Johnson .................... ........................... .. 29
Risk Assessment for Noncarcinogenic Chemical Effects
Ralph L. Kodell ..................... ............................ .. 37
Ill. Issues in the Science and Methodology of Chemical Risk Assessment
Methodologic Issues in Using Epidemiologic Studies for Quantitative Risk Assessment
Ls(cid:127)eie Stayner ..................... ............................ 43
Exposure Assessment in Risk Assessment
Robert F. Herrick .......................................... ........ 53
Quantitative and Qualitative Extrapolation of Carcinogenesis Between Species
Lois SwirJy Gold,N eela B. Manley, and Bruce N. Ames ............... ........ .. 59
Conservatism in Carcinogen Risk Assessments?
John C.B ailar,A ll .................... ........................... .. 67
Uncertainties in Risk Assessment
Dal Hawk andJ ohn Froine. ............... ....................... .. 69
IN
IV.C urrent Applications of Chemical Risk Assessment
within Military Environments
Use of Risk Assessment in Evaluating Rcmediation of PCBs
Resha M. Pulrath ................... ........................... ... 81
PCBs on Naval Vessels
Ku(cid:127)r W. Riegel ...................... ............................ .. 87
Short-Term Exposure Guidelines for Emergency Response:
The Approach of the Committee on Toxicology
Rogene F. Henderson ................... .......................... .. 89
Three-Tier Approach to Chemical Spill Response
Keith D. Chandler ................... ........................... ... 93
Developmental Medical Research on Liquid Gun Propellants
DavidL . Parmer,W inifred G. Palmer,D avidA . Smart, and Robert A. Finch .... ........ 95
Site-Specific Environmental Assessment
Hank Gardnera nd Ken Stachiw ................ ...................... .. 105
V. New Directions in Chemical Risk Assessment Methodologies
Biologically Based Models in Risk Assessment
Kannan Krishnan,R ory B. Conolly, and Melvin E. Andersen ........ ............. .. 109
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Risk Assessment:
The Case of Trichloroethylene
Bruce C. Allen ........................ ............................ .. 117
Cancer Risk Assessment with Intermittent Exposure
Duncan J. Murdoch, DanielK rewski, and John Wargo .......... ............... .. 119
Carcinogenic Risks of Polycyclic Organic Matter (POM)
Joellen Lewtas ........................ ............................ .. 131
Issues Surrounding Comparative Risk Assessments of Operational Materials:
An Example with Air Force Hydraulic Fluids
DavidR . Mattie.H arvey J. Ciewell, III and Melvin E. Andersen ........ ............ .. 137
VI. Issues in Risk Management
The Role of Human Error in the Estimation and Management of Risks
William R. Freudenburg ................. ......................... ... 151
Pon in Risk Assessment and Management
FrancesM . Lynn. ................... ........................... .. 161
Ethic and Risk Management
DouglasM acLean ................... ........................... ... 163
Regulatory Decisions and Risk Management
Emwniuel Somers ................... ........................... ... 167
Civil and Criminal Liability for Violation of Environmental Laws
Junius C. McElveen, Jr. ................. .......................... .. 173
VII. Topics in Chemical Risk Assessment
A Historical Review of the Need for Military Toxicology and the U.S. Army's Response
Joel C. Gaydos ........................ ............................ .. 189
Historical Aspects of the Development of Quantitative Risk Assessment Technology
in the U.S. Navy
Lawrence J. Jenkins, Jr. ................. .......................... .. 197
History of Air Force Toxicology
Vernon L. Carter,J rA .................... ........................... .. 203
The Risk of Risk Assessment
Henry Falk ........................ ............................. .. 207
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