DTIC ADA264697: Memory Driven Feature-Based Design

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by  Defense Technical Information Center

AD-A264 697
WL-TR-93-4021
MEMORY DRIVEN FEATURE-BASED DESIGN
DTIC
Y.H. PAO AY 11993
F.L. MERAT
G.M. RADACK
CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE
CLEVELAND, OH 44106-7221
JANUARY 1993
INTERIM REPORT FOR PERIOD FEBRUARY 1988-DECEMBER 1992
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED
MATERIALS DIRECTORATE
WRIGHT LABORATORY
AIR FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OH 45433-7734
93-11336
NOTICE
WHEN GOVERNMENT DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, OR OTHER
DATA ARE USED FOR ANY PURPOSE OTHER THAN IN CONNECTION
WITH A DEFINITELY GOVERNMENT-RELATED PROCUREMENT, THE
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT INCURS NO RESPONSIBILITY OR
ANY OBLIGATION WHATSOEVER. THE FACT THAT THE GOVERNMENT
MAY HAVE FORMULATED OR IN ANY WAY SUPPLIED THE SAID
DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, OR OTHER DATA, IS NOT TO BE
REGARDED BY IMPLICATION, OR OTHERWISE IN ANY MANNER
CONSTRUED, AS LICENSING THE HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PERSON
OR CORPORATION; OR AS CONVEYING ANY RIGHTS OR
PERMISSION TO MANUFACTURE, USE, OR SELL ANY PATENTED
INVENTION THAT MAY IN ANY WAY BE RELATED THERETO.
THIS REPORT IS RELEASABLE TO THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE
(NTIS). AT NTIS IT WILL BE AVAILABLE TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC. INCLUDING FOREIGN NATIONS.
THIS TECHNICAL REPORT HAS BEEN REVIEWED AND IS APPROVED FOR PUBLICATION.
STEVEN R. LECLAIR
Technical Director, Manufacturing Research Branch Chief, Manufacturing Research
Integration and Operations Division Integration and Operations Division
Materials Directorate MaterIals Directorate
ROBERT L. RAPSON
Chief, Integration and Operations Division
Materials Directorate
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Pubi: r(cid:127)POrt-ng burden for th1% colIectIOn of information is et lma~te to0 ve (cid:127) e(cid:127)Ir hour oet rewoorwe, ricivding the time tor reviewinrq intru(cttOMs. wor(chq e( trq data sourte.
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1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 13. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED
January 1993 Interim (Feb 1988 - Dec 1992)
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE S. FUNDING NUMBERS
C: F33615-87-C-5250
PE 62102F
Memory Driven Feature Based Design PR: 2306
6. AUTHOR(S) TA: P9
WU: 03
Pao, Y. H., Merat, F. L., Radack, G. M.
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADORESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
REPORT NUMBER
Case Western Reserve University
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Cleveland, OH 44106-7721
9. SPONSORING /MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING I MONITORING
Materials Directorate AGENCY REPORT NUMBER
Wright Laboratory WL-TR-93-4021
Air Force Material Command
Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433-7734
11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
1Za. DISTRIBUTION! AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
"13.
ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)
The act of design is a critical operation in the whole train of events of manufac-
turing. Improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness of the design process would
certainly have a major effect on the entire manufacturing operation as a whole.
Engineering design seems to be an admixture of synthesis and analysis activities with
synthesis dominating the "conceptual design" and "embodiment design" phases of the
activity; and analysis dominating the "problem definition" and "detailing" phases of
the activity. In addition, in nearly all phases of the design procedure, the
designer often finds it helpful to be able to recollect many other previous designs
or pertinent portions of such similar designs; and to be able to visualize or sketch
variations on a theme; and to be able to evaluate those comparatively. This is
especially true for circumstances where the person has not had extensive personal
experience in this matter. The research reported on in this document focuses on
that aspect of design and planning. Namely, how stores of public (handbook type)
knowledge and memory of private (episodic) knowledge can be and should be used
effectively in combination with computer-based systems, in support of designers
land fabricators.
SU1B4J,E CT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES
95
Memory Neural Networks PR9IC6E CODE
Features Computer Aided Design
17. SKrURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UL
NSN 7540.01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 tRev 2-89)
i P2f9e0--01,0ib2ed br ANý'.i , 139-19
FOREWORD
This report was prepared by Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Cleveland, Ohio, under
USAF Contract No. F33615-87-C-5250. This is an interim report summarizing formally a body
of research carried out over a period of four years from February 1988 to December 1992. This
report covers work carried out by CWRU faculty and students. However, this work was carried
out in close contact with researchers in the Manufacturing Research Branch of the Materials
Directorate, Wright Laboratory, on a daily basis with some of the work done on-site at the base.
Work was administered by Dr. Steven R. LeClair. Research results to date have also appeared
annually in reports generated by Dr. LeClair.
Over the period covered by this report, participants of the effort have included the following
individuals in the following categories:
Faculty: Yoh-Han Pao (P.I.), Frank L. Merat, Gerald M. Radack, Lee J.
White, and Y. Takefuji.
Senior Research Associate: Dejan J. Sobajic
Research Associates: Wassim Hafez and Natarajan Balunsundra
Graduate Students: Robert Delvalle, Kavous Roumina, Steve Weinruth, Steven
Ruegsegger, Jeremy Jacobsohn, Kambiz Komeyli, Darlene Shei,
Tom Kao, Amit Kohli, Bharat Mavinkere, Alok Mathus, Jaume
Pujol-Busquets Pinana, Derya Ferendeci, and Jeffrey Knaus.
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iiiME
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
I1. INTRODUCTION TO REPORT ........................................................... 1
2. OVERVIEW OF THE RDS PROJECT AND OF RDS
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE ................................................................ 4
Constraints on Research ........................................................................ 4
Overview of Architecture and Functionalities ....................................... 5
3. THE FEATURE-BASED DESIGN ENVIRONMENT ......................... 9
Motivation .............................................................................................. 9
Terminology .......................................................................................... 9
Design Paradigm .................................................................................. 10
Evaluating the Part Model ................................................................... 12
Positioning of Features ........................................................................ 12
Dimensioning and Tolerancing Features .............................................. 17
Constraint Checker ................................................................................ 18
Topology Constraints .............................................................. 18
Design Rules ............................................................................. 18
Shop Practice Constraints ........................................................ 19
Consistency Constraints ........................................................... 19
Completeness Constraints ........................................................ 19
Constraint Mechanism .......................................................................... 19
Constraint Checking Process ................................................... 21
References ............................................................................................ 22
4. THE EPISODAL ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY ................................... 23
Overview and Summary ...................................................................... 23
Theory and Conceptual Design ........................................................... 24
Technology Transfer to the Rapid Foundry Tooling System (RFTS) ...... 27
Currently Implemented EAM Functionalities ....................................... 29
Set Parameters ..................................................................................... 33
Train ...................................................................................................... 37
Consult ................................................................................................. 37
Comments of Bibliographical Nature ................................................. 38
References ............................................................................................ 42
5. THE INSPECTION PLANNING AND EVALUATION MODULE ...... 44
Motivation ............................................................................................ 45
Background ......................................................................................... 45
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) ............... 45
Coordinate Measuring Machines .............................................. 47
Inspection ............................................................................... 48
Inspection at the DMMF Quality Control (QC) ....................... 49
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Table of Contents (con't)
5. THE INSPECTION PLANNING AND EVALUATION MODULE (con't)
Representation ..................................................................................... 51
Form Features (D1) ................................................................. 51
GD&T Features (D4) .............................................................. 51
Inspection Features (D3) ......................................................... 54
Inspection Plan Features ......................................................... 59
Evaluation Requests ................................................................. 63
Comparison Requests .............................................................. 63
IPEM Class Structure .............................................................. 64
Inspection Planning Algorithm ........................................................... 67
Algorithm for Detection of Intersecting Design Features .................... 79
Overall Description ................................................................ 79
Individual Steps of Algorithm .................................................. 80
Placement Within Inspection Planner Algorithm ..................... 82
Discussion and Conclusions ................................................................. 82
References ................................................................................... .......... 85
Iv
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1. Modular systems architecture of the Rapid Design Systems (RDS) ....... 6
Figure 2. A possible scenario for use of the Rapid Design Systems (RDS) ...... 7
Figure 3. Viriual "Flat" file storage format of design information ........................ 8
Figure 4. Features currently supported by the FBDE ............................................... 11
Figure 5. Positioning of: (a) A slot (b) A step to shoulder .................................. 13
Figure 6. Starting block with a through slot attached to it, then a blind hole
attached to the through slot ................................................................... 14
Figure 7. A part design and its representation ...................................................... 15
Figure 8. Topology constraint cases ................................................................... 19
Figure 9. Constraint violation event ................................................................... 21
Figure 10. Schematic illustration of the conceptual design of EAM .................... 26
Figure 11. Cluster cross-reference grid ................................................................ 28
Figure 12. EAM window icons ............................................................................ 29
Figure 13. The FBDE accessed through EAM ...................................................... 30
Figure 14. The EAM working environment ............................... 31
Figure 15. Create pattern facility template for search cue in QnsW mode ...... 34
Figure 16. Template for setting parameter values in 1mm mode ......................... 35
Figure 17. Sample part dimensioned and toleranced according to ........................ 46
GD&T standard
Figure 18. LK Micro Vector coordinate measuring machine ................................ 48
Figure 19. Form features supported by IPEM ...................................................... 50
Figure 20. GD&T features supported by the IPEM .............................................. 53
(except for shaded objects)
Figure 21. Basic inspection features that correspond to GD&T .......................... 55
tolerance requests
Figure 22. Detailed inspection feature geometries ......................... 57
vi
List of ILLUSTRATIONS (con't)
Figure 23. Relationship between GD&T and inspection plan fragments .............. 61
(for example of Figure 17)
Figure 24. Inspection planning algorithm ............................................................. 68
Figure 25. Surface stability using a 2-D convex hull algorithm ............................ 71
Figure 26. CMM movement configurations ......................................................... 72
Figure 27. Coordinate system formed by intersecting three mutually .................. 74
perpendicular planes
Figure 28. Intersecting detection algorithm ............................................................ 82
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table I. Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) Features .................. 17
Table 2. Inspection feature geometry as a function of design and .......................... 60
GD&T features
Table 3. Allowable D1-D4 specifications .............................................................. 69
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We acknowledge with great pleasure the pleasant and strengthening interactions and
collaborations we have had with the other researchers on the RDS, project including Air Force
personnel at WL.: Capt Charles Wright, Capt Chris Cartaya, Capt Tim Westhoven, Capt Baxter
Turner, Capt Chris Madden, Mr Steven Ruegsegger, Mr Jeff Ashcom, and Mr. Alan Winn.
We appreciate the management leadership of Dr Wait Griffith and Dr Steven R. LeClair.
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