DTIC ADA264196: Breaking Waves. IUTAM Symposium Held in Sydney, Australia on July 15-19, 1991

376 Pages·16.8 MB·English

by  Defense Technical Information Center

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THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES
P.O. BOX 1 - KENSINGTON * NEW SOUTH%W ALES - AUSTRIALIA - 2033
TELEX AA26054 * FACSIMILE: [phone] * TELEPHONE (02) (;7 22*22
EXTN 2956
PLEASE QUOTE
M.L. BANNER
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICS
19 March 1993
Defense Technical Information Center
Building 5, Cameron Station
Alexandria
Virginia 22314
USA
Dear Sir,
Please find enclosed a copy of the proceedings of the IUTAM Breaking Waves Symposium,
in compliance with the terms of ONR contract N00014-91-J-1538.
On behalf of Professor Roger Grimshaw and myself, I wish to thank ONR most sincerely
for their generous support towards the successful staging of this important international
symposium.
Yours sincerely,
,'-V\.A-, Ax
Mike Banner
Secretary
LUTAM Breaking Waves Symposium
Breaking Waves
International Union of Theoretical
and Applied Mechanics
M. L. Banner, R. H. J. Grimshaw (Eds.)
Breaking Waves
I
UTAM Symposium Sydney, Australia 1991
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg NewYork 00 R-
London Paris Tokyo I
Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
93 4 19O17
Prof Michael L.B anner
Prof. Roger H.J. Grimshaw
School of Mathematics
University of New Suuth Wales
Kensington, New South Wales
Australia
ISBN 3-540-55944-2 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork
ISBN 0-387-55944-2 Springer-Verlag NewYork Berlin Heidelberg
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-publication Data
Breaking waves: IUTAM symposium. Sydney, Australia, 1991 I
ML. Banner, R. H.J.Grimshaw (eds.).
At head of title: International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics.
Papers from the Symposium on Breaking Wavesheld at the University of New South Wales.
July 15-19.1991.
ISBN 3-540-55944-2 (Berlin : acid-free).-- ISBN 0-387-55944-2 (NewYork : acid-free)
i.Wave-motionTheory of--Congresses
I Banner, M.L.(Michael L.). I1.G rimshaw, R.-.J.(Roger H.J). III International Union of
Theoretical and Applied Mechanics.
QA927B74 1992 532'.0593--dc2O 92-30806
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e Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 1992
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Scientific Committee
R. Grimshaw (Australia) (Chair)
M.L. Banner (Australia) (Secretary)
J.A. Batties (The Netherlands)
M.A. Donelan (Canada)
Sir James Lighthill (UK)
M.S. Longuet-Higgins (USA)
WXK. Melville (USA)
D.H. Peregrine (UK)
O.M. Phillips (USA)
l.A. Svendsen (USA)
Y. Toba (Japan)
Local Organizing Committee
Professor Roger Grimshaw (Chair)
Professor Michael Banner (Secretary)
Dr Peter Blennerhassett (Treasurer)
Dr Ian Jones
Professor David Wilkinson
Sponsors
Australian Mathematical Society
Applied Mathematics Division, Australian Mathematical Society
International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
Institute of Engineers Australia
U.S. Office of Naval Research
University of New South Wales
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Preface
Wave breaking is a commonly occurring phenomena associated with wave motion in
fluids, often inducing significant effects which are of fundamental and technological
importance, A famili.-i illustration is provided with white-capping and microbreaking
of the wind-driven ocean surface waves, which is believed to play an important part in
the transfers of momentum, mass and heat across the air-sea interface, as well as in the
production of underwater ambient noise and augmented microwave backscatter. The
enhanced hydrodynamic forces associated with the breaking of the more energetic ocean
wave components constitute a significant challenge in ocean engineering, coastal
engineering and naval architecture. Other less conspicuous but equally important
manifestations are the breaking of internal waves and the filamentation of vorticity
interfaces.
Despite recent theoretical and observational progress towards a more complete
understanding of wave breaking, mathematical descriptions of its onset and
consequences are presently lacking. The aim of this Symposium was to bring together
theoretical and observational expertise, with the goal of determining the current state of
knowledge of wave breaking and providing a stimulus to future research.
The Symposium focused on water waves of all scales from capillary waves to ocean
swell, but also considered internal waves and the filamentation of vorticity interfaces.
Specific topics included were:
- Fundamental theoretical studies; wave instabilities; routes to breaking.
- Models of wave breaking.
- Field observations, including statistical information.
Labor,/tory studies.
Shoaling waves, breaking waves on currents, breaking induced by the motion of
a ship.
- Consequences of wave breaking for oceanic studies, microwave remote sensing,
role of breaking in air-sea fluxes, wind-wave prediction models; acoustics of
wave breaking; bV.'bble formation.
Wave breaking in industrial applications, wave forces on structures.
The Symposium on Breaking Waves was proposed to the General Assembly of the
International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (LUTAM) at Grenoble in 1988,
and it was decided it would be held in 1991 in Sydney. The Symposium was held on
the campus of the University of New South Wales from July 15-19, 1991. There were 63
participants fom 15 countries, and 45 contributed papers, covering fundamental
theoretical studies, wave breaking models, field and laboratory observations, and
industrial and scientific consequences. Through these contributions and the extensive
informal discussions, we believe the Symposium achieved its objectives of establishing
the current state of knowledge of wave breaking, and providing a stimulus for future
research.
VIII
The scientific programme was formulated by the Scientific Committee, and we thank its
members for their invaluable advice. All local arrangements were carried out by the
Local Organising Committee and we thank them, and many others in the School of
Mathematics at the University of New South Wales who contributed to the smooth
running of the Symposium. Financial support was generously provided by IUTAM, the
U.S. Office of Naval Research, the Institution of Engineers Australia (National
Committee on Coastal and Ocean Engineering), and the Australian Mathematical
Society.
Michael L. Banner
Roger H.J. Grimshaw
School of Mathematics
University of New South Wales
Kensington, NSW 2033
Australia
2nd March, 1992
Contents
1. Keynote Lectures
M.L. Banner, M.A. Donelan: The Physical Consequences of Wave Breaking in Deep Water. 3
M.S. Longuet-Higgins: CapillaryR ollers and Bores ....................... 21
D.H. Peregrine: Mechanisms of Water- Wave Breaking. .................... 39
I.A. Svendsen: Surf Zone Dynamics ............................... 55
V.E. Zakharov: Inverse and Direct Cascade in the Wind-Driven Surface Wave
Turbulence and Wave-Breaking ................................... 69
2. Experiments and Observations
W.M.Drennan, K.K. Kahma, E.A. Terray, M.A. Donelan, S.A. Kitaigorodskii:
Observationso f the Enhancement of Kinetic Energy Dissipation
Beneath Breaking Wind Waves ................................... 95
N. Ebuchi, H. Kawamura, Y. Toba: Microwave Backscatteringf rom Laboratory
Wind-Wave Surfaces and its Relation to Wave Breaking with Bubble Entrainment ...... 103
D.M. Farmer, L. Ding: Acoustical Measurement of Breaking Surface Waves ......... 109
K.B. Katsaros, S.S. Atakturk: Dependence of Wave-Breaking Statistics on
Wind Stress and Wave Development ............................... 119
S.C. Ling: Effect of Breaking Waves on the Transport of Heat and Vapor
Fluxes from the Oceans .............................................. 133
W.K. Melville, M.R. Loewen, E. Lamarre: Sound Production and Air Entrainment
by Breaking Waves: A Review of Recent Laboratory Experiments ................ 139
H. Mitsuyasu: Wave Breaking in the Presence of Wind Drift and Opposed Swell ....... 147
J.S. Reid: The Sideband Instabilitya nd the Onset of Wave Breaking .............. 155
M.-Y. Su, J. Cartmill: Breaking Wave StaListics Obtained During 'Swade' ............ 161
Y. Toba, H. Kawamura, N. Ebuchi: Strong Coupling of Wind and Wind Waves ...... 165
3. Theoretical and Numerical Results
L. Cavaleri, P. Lionello: Possible Mechanisms for Wave Breaking ............... 175
I.N. Didenkulov: The Influence of Wave-Breaking Bubbles on Low-Frequency
UnderwaterA mbient Noise Formation .............................. 181
W.M. Drennan, W.H. Hui, G. Tenti: Do Stokes' Double Series Converge for Large
Amplitude Waves? ......................................... 187