DTIC ADA253001: Organization of the Optical Society of America Photonic Science Topical Meeting Series. Volume 14. Photorefractive Materials Effects, and Devices Held in Beverly, Massachusetts on 29-31 July 1991

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PHOTOREFRACTIVE MATERIALS,
EFFECTS, AND DEVICES
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1991 TECHNICAL DIGEST JULY 29-31, 1991
SERIES VOLUME 14 BEVERLY,
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Summaries of papers presented at the
Photorefractive Materials, Effects, and Devices T'opical Meeting
Photorefractive Materials,
Effects, and Devices
1991 Technical Digest Series
Volume 14
CONFERENCE EDITION
July 29-31, 1991 - Beverly, Massachusetts
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and Devices. 1991 (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1991), Vol. 14, pp. xx-xx.
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1991 Technical Digest Series 1-55752-192-1 (hardcover)
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CONTENTS
Advance Program ............................................................................................. v
M A N ew M aterials .......................................................................................... 1
MB Wave Interactions and Instabilities .................................................... 35
MC Invited Poster Preview ....................................................................... 67
MD Feature Session on Optical Storage and Memories .............................. 121
TuA Materials and Diagnostics .................................................................... 143
TuB A pplications .......................................................................................... 171
TuC Poster Session: Materials and Wave Interactions .............................. 199
TuD Plenary Session on Optical and Electronic Signal Processing ............. 297
WA Beam Fanning and Self-Pumped Phase Conjugation ........................... 301
WB Defects and Charge Transport .............................................................. 333
WC Poster Session: Wave Interactions and Devices ................................ 355
Key to Authors and Presiders ............................................................................. 364
Uli
TECHNICAL PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Mark Cronin-Golomb, Cochair
Tufts University
Marvin Klein, Cochair
Hughes Research Laboratories
Materials
Vladimir Frldkin
Institute of Crystallography, USSR
Alastair Glass
A T&T Bell Laboratories
Peter Gunter
Swiss FederalI nstitute of Technology, Switzerland
Tom Pollak
Sanders Associates
Daniel Rytz
Sandoz Optoelectronique,S witzerland
Sergel I. Stepanov
loffe Institute, USSR
Physics of Photorefractive Effect
Milivoj Belic
Institut za Fiziku, Yugoslavia
Baruch Fischer
Technion-lsrael Institute of Technology
Serguey G. Odulov
Ukranian Academy of Sciences, USSR
Klaus H. Ringhofer
UniversitatO snabruck, FederalR epublic of Germany
Gerald Roosen
Institut d'Optique, France
Peixian Ye
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Devices and Applications
Dana Z. Anderson
University of Colorado at Boulder
Jean-Pierre Huignard
Thomson-CSF, France
Kazuo Kyuma
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation,J apan
Abdellatif Marrakcht
Bellcore
Ian McMichael
Rockwell InternationalS cience Center
Henri Rajbenbach
Thomson-CSF, France
SUNDAY, JULY 28, 1991 MONDAY, JULY 29,1991-Continued
;TUDENT CENTER 9.00 am
MA5 Photorefractive properties of BLGe3O,, crystals in the
12:00 m-7:30 pm HOUSING & CONFERENCE ultraviolet spectral range, G. Montemezzani, S. Pfandler, P.
REGISTRATION Gunter, Swiss FederalI nstitute of Technology. Photorefrac-
0:30 pm-6:30 pm DINNER tive effects have been observed in the ultraviolet spectral
S:30 pm-8:00 pm REGISTRATION AND rmegatieorni al inp aruanmdoetpeerds hcarvyes tbaelse n ocfh aBrai4cGteer3iOze,2d.. T(ph.e 1 8)relevant
INFORMAL RECEPTION
9:15 am
MA6 Observation of the photorefractive effect in semi-
insulating CdS, P. Tayebati, Foster-MillerI nc.; J. Kumar, D.
MONDAY, JULY 29, 1991 Barman, U. Lowell; S. Scott, Eagle Picher Research Labora-
tory. We report what we believe to be the first observation of
ENDICOTT STUDENT CENTER the photorefractive effect in cadmium sulfide. The maximum
gain coefficient measured is 0.3 cm-1 at 633 nm. The
r:00 am-8:00 am BREAKFAST response time is 1 ms at an intensity of 150 mW/cm2.
(p. 22)
NCADEMIC CENTER AUDITORIUM 9:30 am
3.00 am-10:00 am MA7 High-order diffraction in photorefractive quantum
MJlNAE, W MATERIALS well structures, Q. N. Wang, D. D. Nolte, M. R. Melloch, Pur-
Daniel Rytz, Sandoz Optoelectronique,S witzerland, Presider due U. Strong high-order diffraction signals caused by the
3:00 am second harmonic of the dielectric grating have been observ-
MAI Observation and study of the photorefractive effect in ed in photorefractive quantum wells in a degenerate mixing
doped nonlinear polymers, D. M. Burland, S. Ducharme, W. E. geometry. (p. 27)
Vloerner, J. C. Scott, C. A. Walsh, IBM Almaden Research 9:45 am
Center. The photorefractive effect has been observed, we MA8 Photorefractive properties of quantum-confined exci-
oelieve for the first time, in several molecularly doped poly- tons, D. D. Nolte, M. R. Melloch, Purdue U. Band-gap engi-
mners as confirmed and studied by a combination of absorp- neering yields quantum well structures that have novel pho-
Lion, photoconductivity, electrooptic, and four-wave mixing torefractive processes with no analog in bulk crystals. We
measurements. (p. 2) describe the material origins of these new photorefractive
3:15 am effects. (p. 31)
MA2 Characterization of a new photorefractive material:
KI,-L.,T ,NZ, Aharon Agranat, Hebrew U., Jerusalem, 10:00 am-10:30 am COFFEE BREAK
1
fsrael; Rudy Hofmeister, Victor Leyva, Amnon Yariv, Cali-
fornia Institute of Technology. The addition of lithium to
KTN:Cu,V is demonstrated to yield high diffraction efficiency 10:30 am-12:30 pm
photorefractive gratings in the paraelectric phase. The beam MB, WAVE INTERACTIONS AND INSTABILITIES
.oupling is voltage controllable by the quadratic electrooptic A. Zozulya, Lebedev Physics Institute, U.S.S.R., Presider
effect. Two beam diffraction efficiencies of 75% are observ-
ad for gratings written at 488 nm. (p. 6) 10:30 am
MB1 Red-green diffraction instability in the photorefrac-
MAA3 amN ew ttyf3pe0 of KNSBN:Cu crystal as a high-perform. tGivnea tomvisxkeiid, Zc. rYysatnacl huBki,, 2TT.i ,S0Vemo1e,One2t,s , NL.. PVry.a dKkuok, hYta.r Keva,r giAn,.
ance self-pumped phase conjugator, Guangyin Zhang, Jing- UkrainianA cademy of Sciences, U.S.S.R; K. H. Ringhofer, U.
jun Xu, Simin Liu, Yuanqing Wu, Nankai U., China;Y ongyuan Osnabruck,G ermany. Oscillation of the diffraction efficiency
3ong, Huanchu Chen, Shandong U., China. A new photo- of a red beam reading out a grating written by green beams
refractive medium-Cu-doped (0.04wt%) (K.Na.)0.z is explained by the interaction of interference patterns.
0 0
'Sr.,Na. ),.Nb O. crystal-is found to have high self- (p. 36)
0 0390 2
3umped phase-conjugate reflectivity up to 68% at the
514.5-nm laser wavelength. (p. 10) 10.45 am
3:45 am MB2 Buildup and decay of photorefractive wave mixing
MAA4 New photorefractive material KNSBN:Co, Quanzhong processes, Moshe Horowitz, Baruch Fischer, Technion-
Jiang, Yongyuan Song, Daliang Sun, Xinliang Lu, Huanchu Israel Institute of Technology. The buildup and decay of
Then, Shongdong U., China. The crystal growth of photorefractive two- and four-wave mixing processes is stud-
KNSBN:Co and its photorefractive properties is reported. ied. We show dependence on the coupling constant and the
rhe measured photorefractive sensitivity is 10-3 cm2/J, the ratio of the signal and pump intensities. The solution for
:wo-wave coupling gain coefficient is 19 cm-', and the self- four-wave mixing with nondepleted pumps is identical to
)umped phase conjugation reflectivity is 46%. (p. 14) two-wave mixing with unidirectional optical feedback cir-
cuits. (p. 39)
V
MONDAY, JULY 29,1991-Continued MONDAY, JULY 29,1991 -Continued
11,00 am ACADEMIC CENTER AUDITORIUM
MB3 Beam fanning in coupled-wave theory of two-beam
coupling, M. D. Ewbank, F. R. Vachss, R. A. Vazquez, Rock- 3.00 pm-4.)O pm
well International Science Center. A simplistic representa- MC, INVITED POSTER PREVIEW
tion of beam fanning of both the pump and amplified probe Klaus Ringhofer, UniversitatO snabruck, FederalR epublic
beams is incorporated into the coupled-wave equations gov- of Germany, Presider
erning the two-beam coupling process. These modified
coupled-wave equations are solved analytically. (p. 43)
ACADEMIC CENTER CLASSROOMS
11:15 am
MB4 Instabilities in photorefractive bidirectional ring 4.00 pm-5:30 pm
oscillators, 0. Byron He, Pochi Yeh, UC-Santa Barbara; MC, INVITED POSTER SESSION
Scott Campbell, Claire Gu, Rockwell InternationalS cience
Center. We investigate the temporal stability of oscillations MCI Invited Poster Paper
in a photorefractive bidirectional ring cavity. Unstable High-sensitivity resonant photorefractive effect in semi-insul-
regions have been found theoretically and experimentally. ating CdZnTelZnTe multiple quantum wells, A. Partovi, A. M.
(p. 47) Glass, D. H. Olson, G. J. Zydzik, K. T. Short, R. D. Feldman, R.
F. Austin, AT&T Bell Laboratories.W e have demonstrated
11:30 am the photorefractive effect in the visible (570-610 nm) in a
MB5 Spatial structure of scattered radiation In a self- CdZnTeIZnTe semi-insulating multiple quantum well device
pumped photorefractive passive ring minor, S. A. Korolkov, with < 1-mW incident power. A factor of 250 improvement in
A. V. Mamaev, V. V. Shkunov, Institute for Problems in Mech- diffraction efficiency over previous results in multiple quan-
anics, U.S.S.R. Yu. S. Kuzminov, General Physics Institute, tum wells is obtained. (p. 68)
U.S.S.R.; A. A. Zozulya, P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute,
U.S.S.R. A detailed experimental investigation of scattered MC2 Invited Poster Paper
radiation spatial structure in a self-pumped photorefractive Influence of cobalt doping on deep and shallow trap depend-
passive ring mirror is carried out. Experimental results agree ent photorefractive properties of barium titanate, M. H. Gar-
with the predictions of a 3-D theoretical model. (p. 51) rett, J. Y. Chang, H. P. Jenssen, C. Warde, Massachusetts In-
stitute of Technology; P. Tayebati, Foster Miller, Inc. We
11:45 am report intensity dependence of electrooptic and absorptive
MB6 Spatial solltons in photorefractive media, Mordechai gain, sublinear dependence of the response time on intensity
Segev, Amir Saar, Amnon Yariv, California Institute of Tech- and light-induced dark decays of cobalt-doped barium
nology. We show that photorefractive media can support a titanate. (p. 72)
new type of spatial solitons, in which the diffraction is bal-
anced by the self-scattering (two wave mixing) of the beam MC3 Invited Poster Paper
spatial frequency components. (p. 55) Electron-hole competition in InP:Fe: the role of multiple de-
fects, R. S. Rana, D. D. Nolte, Purdue U. Strong electron-hole
12:00 m competition, caused by multiple defect levels, induces a
MB7 Image degradation In a two-wave mixing spatial light change in beam coupling direction and quenches four-wave
modulator, G. Notni, R. Kowarschik, Friedrich-Schiller U. mixing near 225 K in InP:Fe. (p. 76)
Jena, Germany. We report theoretical studies of image deg-
radation and spatial resolution properties of a two-wave mix- MC4 Invited Poster Paper
ing spatial light modulator using the 2-D two-wave mixing Absorption gratings with multiple levels, R. S. Cudney, R. M.
theory. (p. 59) Pierce, G. D. Bacher, Jack Feinberg, U. Southern California.
Beam coupling in crystals having multiple trap levels does
12:15 pm not vanish as the grating wavevectot approaches zero; we
MB8 Resolution limit of photorefractive spatial light modu- use this to determine important parameters in BaTiO .(p. 80)
3
lators, P. Amrhein, P. Gunter, Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology. The resolution limit of Bragg diffraction from a MCS Invited Poster Paper
photorefractive grating has been estimated theoretically and Hot carrier enhancement of Dember photorefractive space.
studied with a spatial light modulator using KNbO, crystals. charge fields in zincblende semiconductors, W. Andreas
(p. 63) Schroeder, Thomas S. Stark, Arthur L Smirl, U. Iowa; George
C. Valley, Hughes Research Laboratories.W e use a novel,
picosecond transient-grating technique to measure the hot
STUDENT CENTER CAFETERIA carrier enhancement of the Dember photorefractive space-
charge field in zincbiende semiconductors. (p. 84)
12:30 pm-1:30 pm LUNCH SERVED
1:30 pm-3-00 pm FREE TIME
Vi
MONDAY, JULY 29,1991 -Continued MONDAY, JULY 29, 1991-Continued
MC6 Invited Poster Paper MC13 Invited Poster Paper
Detection of low intensity optical wavefronts using noise Reflection grating photorefractive self-pumped ring mirror, V.
reduction techniques in photorefractive amplifiers, H. Raj- A. D'yakov, Moscow State U., U.S.S.R.; S. A. Korolkov, A. V.
benbach, A. Delboulbe, J. P. Huignard, Thomson-CSF, Mamaev, V. V. Shkunov. Institute for Problems in Mechanics,
France.W e demonstrate the detection and amplification of U.S.S.R.; A. A. Zozulya, P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute,
subpicowatt optical signals via two-wave mixing in photore- U.S.S.R. A reflection grating self-pumped passive ring mirror
fractive BSO. For these experiments, the crystal entrance is experimentally realized in a photorefractive KNbO3 crystal
face is strongly tilted with respect to the pump beam direc- in cw regime with a relaxation time of several milliseconds.
tion. (p. 88) (p. 113)
MC7 Invited Poster Paper MC14 Invited Poster Paper
Fundamental noise limits in photorefractive systems, Photorefractive crystal waveguides and their applications,
Frederick Vachss, Claire Gu, John Hong, Tallis Chang, Rock- Ken-ichi Kitayama, Fumihiko Ito, NTT TransmissionS ystems
well InternationalS cience Center.W e examine the noise pro- LaboratoriesJ, apan. Neural processing of an 500 x 500 im-
cesses affecting holographic recording and read out in pho- age seems realistic using holographic storage in 2-D photo-
torefractive materials. In particular, we find that the dynamic refractive crystal waveguide (PCW) array. Phase-conjugate
range achievable in real-time holography is fundamentally image replication in PCW is also demonstrated. (p. 116)
limited by fluctuations in both the charge density in the
recording material and in the intensities of the writing MC15 Invited Poster Paper
beams. (p. 92) Image transmission through multimode fiber and photore-
MPhCCoS t oreIInfnrvvaiictteetiddv eP onnsooitseitesrre Pssapuppperpre rsne ssion uuLsianpga evaac.h romatic grat. tPrahcytsivices ,c rUAy.csSta.aSdl.,eR m.A y.A Gomfn pSalitctouivedsnek ciiem. sa Asok.f Vthiomely aUagrek, r.NwS.Sa RsK , utIrknahsnttasirmteuvit,te t eoSdf.
iNinnaggv sta,e lWc Rh.en Ssiqe. uaRerascb hcin aLonav biscouhrp,a pGtro.e rsyCs.W. bGee ialsmbhro ewfaat hnt,nh iBan.tg Jaw.c hhFireloelmd smtaitlalin ca, lglUoraw.St--. tafhrnardco tuivgpeoh l ac2rri-yzinsat taimolsnu -lwptirimethso edrave ipnhfgiob teorpg haualsvsiaenn gic coa n rjecuosgpraroetnicostinen .g i( np h. op1lh2oo0g)troarme-
ing two-beam coupling to occur. (p. 97)
MC9 Invited Poster Paper
Two-beam coupling with partially coherent light, Hongzhi STUDENT CENTER CAFETERIA
Kong, Wieslaw Krolikowski, Mark Cronin-Golomb, Tufts U. 5:30 pr-6*30 pm DINNER SERVED
The influence of partial coherence on two-beam coupling in
a photorefractive material is investigated theoretically and 6:30 pm-7:30 pm FREE TIME
experimentally. Improvement in the coherence properties of
an amplified beam was observed in an experiment with
barium titanate crystal. (p. 101) ACADEMIC CENTER AUDITORIUM
MC10 Invited Poster Paper 7:30 pm-9:00 pm
Increase of mutual coherence of light beams in two-wave in. MD, FEATURE SESSION ON OPTICAL STORAGE AND
teractions in photorefractive crystals, N. V. Bogodaev, L. I. MEMORIES
Ivieva, A. S Korshunov, N. M. Polozkov, General Physics In- L. Hesselink, Stanford University, Presider
stitute, U.S.S.R.; V. V. Shkunov, Institute for Problems in
Mechanics, U.S.S.R. We show that two-wave mixing of par- 7:30 pm
tially coherent beams may be used to increase the degree of MD1 Phase-coded hologram multiplexing for high-capacity
coherence of these beams. (p. 105) optical data storage, C. Denz, G. Pauliat, G. Roosen, CNRS
FMFooCuu1r1r-- wwavaInevv tmmieteiddxi xi nPngo sssttteeeara dPya-psettaar tteer ssTolsucthiuodnis, utilizing the under- Ipnrsetsietuntt e aTo efd cehTtenhriemsocirhneeits iHtcicao lc ahpnshcdahs ueA lepc pDoldiaeirndmg sOtmapdteitlc,hG so, eurF mrkaa~nrn cyhe. i;Wg hTe-.
lying SU(2) group symmetry, D. Fish, A. K. Powell, T. J. Hall, paeit a sterminitic phase fcting meterigh-
Kwianvge' sm Cixoilnlge geeq Luoatnidoonns , hUa.vKe. Wane usnhdoewrl yitnhga t styhme mscetarlya ri nf otuhre- ceaxppaecriimtye dnatatally staocrhaigeeve idn tah iscyks tpehmo toarbelefr atoc tidvies cmrimatienraiatels . mWuel-
form of the SU(2) group. This formulation identifies the con- tiple images with low crosstalk. (p. 122)
served quantities of four-wave mixing in an obvious sense 7:45 pm
rather than in the ad-hoc fashion used previously. (p. 108) MD2 Multimode operations of a holographic memory us-
MC12 Invited Poster Paper ing orthogonal phase codes, Yoshinao Taketomi, Joseph
Why light beams follow curved paths in photorefractive Ford, Hironori Sasaki, Jian Ma, Yeshaiahu Fainman, Sing H.
phase conjugators, V. V. Eliseev, General Physics Institute, Lee, UC-San Diego. We describe a photorefractive memory
Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.; A. A. Zozulya, P. N. that uses binary orthogonal phase code addressing and
Lebedev Physical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the show how it can provide adaptive learning, selective erasure,
U.S.S.R.; G. D. Bacher, Jack Feinberg, U. Southern California. and perform complex amplitude addition and subtraction of
We explain why light beams appear to curve in photorefrac- memory contents. (p. 126)
tive phase conjugators. (p. 109)
vii