dryland agricultural research in india

242 Pages·2012·20.81 MB·English

DRYLAND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN INDIA:
THRUST IN THE EIGHTIES
Papers presented at the National Seminar
" A Decade of Dryland Agricultural Research in India
and Thrust in the Eighties"
held in January 18-20, 1982 at Hyder bad
EDITORS
R. P. SINGH
and
V. BALA SUBRAMANIAN
1983
ALL I 01 O-ORDI~:\ TLO R ARC II PROJ[ f-OR
ORYLA '0 RI LT R
SANTOSHNAGAR. HYDERABAD-500 659
INDIA
CONTRIBUTORS
1. V. BALA SUBRAMANIAN SPonlor SCientist (Plant Physiology) All InOI
Co ordinated Research Prolect for Dryland Agricultur . Hyder, bdO. AndhrlJ
Pradesh.
2 R. DE. Head, Division of Agronomy. Indian Agricultural R seorch InSllllIt ,
New Delhi.
3. V. V. DHRUVA NARAYANA, Director, Central Soil and Wilt r Cons rva
tion Research and Training Institute, Dehradun, Uttar Pradesh
4. G.lt. FRIESEN, Canadian PrinCipal Aoviser. All India Co ord,nitwd
Research Project (or Dryland Agncultur , Hyderabad, ~ndhra Prtlde. h.
5. O.P. GAUTAM, Director General, Indian Council of Agllcutrur<ll R sourch.
New Delhi.
6 R.D. GHOOAKE, Economist. Int rnatlondl Crops R s arch Instltutll (or
Semi-Arid Tropics. Patancheru, HydNabad, Andhrtl Prnd sh.
7. R. HAMPAIAH, Scientist S 1 (Aqronomy), All Indlil Co ordll1alod R Sit
arch Prot ct for Dryland Agrlcullure, Hyd rabad. AnrJhra Pracl .. n.
8. C.J. ITNAL, Agrolloml!>l. Aglicultur,1I Rosearch SIal 1011. Bif pur. Korniltoka
9. N. C. JOSHI, Ollector, Central Plant Protection 6nd Tralnlflg Instlluto,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Anohra Pradosh
10. K. LAXMINARAYANA, Enlomologlst, Andhra Pradesh Agllcllitur, I Unl
versity, Rajendranagar. Hyderabad, Andhra Prnd sh
11. MAHATIM SINGH, Director, Institute of Agllcullural SCiences. B naras
Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Prade!h.
12. S. M. MIRANDA, Principal Soil and Wat r Engin or, Farming SyAtoms
Research Programme, International Crops R search Institute for Semi-Alld
Tropics, Patancheru. Hyderabad. Andhra Prade~h.
13. P. PATHAK. Agricultural Engineer. Farming Systems R search Prooramme,
International Crops Rei arch Institute for Seml-Artd Tropicl, Patanch ru,
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.
14. B. G. RAJASEKHARA. Agronomist. Dryland Project. University of
Agricultural Sciences. GKVK Campus. Bangalore. Karnataka.
16. S R. RAJE. Associate Project Director. Indo-UK D,y Farming Project.
College of Agriculture. Indore. Madya Pradesh.
16. D. S. RAJ PUT. Senior Scientist (Agricultural Engineering). Central
Institute of Agrrculrural Engineering. Bhopal. Madya Pradesh.
17. RANJODH SINGH. Soil Scientist. Department of Soils. Punjab Agricultural
University. Ludhlsna. Punjab.
18. B.K. RASTOGI Senior Scientist (Agricultural Economics). All India Co
ordinAt d R search Project for Dryland Agriculture. Hyderabad. Andhra
Pradesh.
19. K A. SHANKARNARAYAN. Head. Division of Basic Resources. Central
Arid Zonu R search Institute. Jodhpur. RaJasthan.
20. R. P. SINGH. Project Director. All India Co-ordinated Research Project
for Dryland Agriculture. Hyderabad. Andhra Pradesh.
21 . K. L. SRIVASTAVA Agricultural Engineer. Farming Systems Research
Programm . InternatIonal Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics.
Patancheru. Hydorabad. Andhra Pradesh.
22. G E THIERSTEIN. Principal Agricultural Engineer, International Crops
Res Arch Instllultl for Semi-And TropICS. Patancheru. Hyderabad. Andhra
Prad sh.
23. C. VENKATA RAO Minister for Agriculture. Government of Andhra
Prad h.
24. J. VENKATESWARLU.ProJect Co-ordinator. All India Co-ordinated Research
ProJoct for Dryland Agriculture. Hyderabad. Andhra Pradesh.
25. K. VIJAYALAKSHMI. Chief Scientist. All India Co·ordinated Research
Pro) ct for Dlyland Agriculture. Hyderabad. Ardhra Pradesh.
26. T S. WALKER. Prrncipal Economist. International Crops Research Insri·
tut for Semi Arrd Tropic'. Patancheru. Hyderabad.
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PROGRAMME
NATIONAL SEMINAR ON DRYlAND AGRICULTURE
Seminar Theme A Decade of Dryland Agricultural Res arch in Indi
and Thrust in the Eighties.
Venue Central Plant Protection Training Instltut
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.
Date 18·20 January. 1982.
, 8 January 1982
0900- 1000 hr Registration
, 000-1 1 30 hr INAUGURAL SESSION
Chairman Dr O.P. Gautam.
Director-General. ICAR.
Rapporteur Dr J. Venkateswarlu,
Project Co· ordi nator (Research)
Welcome Dr N. S. Randhawa.
Deputy Director-General (SAE). ICAR.
Key-note Dr. 0 P. Gautam.
address Director-General. ICAR.
Inaugural Mr C. Venkata Aao.
address Honourable Minister for Agriculture. Andhra Prad ••h .
Vote of thank, Dr A.P. Singh.
Project Djr etor (Dryland)
1130- 11 35 hr Tea Br.ak
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18 January 1982
'145- 1330 hr TECHNICAL SESSION- I
Theme Cropping Systems for Drylands
Chairman Dr N.S. Randhawa,
Deputy Director-General (ICAR)
Rapporteur Dr M. Velayudham
Lead Papers Dr Mahatim Singh
Dr V. Bala Subramanian
Dr R. Willey, Dr M.S. Reddy and Dr M.R. Rao
01 ;cuasion
, 330- 1500 hr Lunch Break
1500- 1630 hr TECHNICAL SESSON- II
Theme Integrated Weed, Pest and Disease Management in
Drylands
Chairman Dr N. C. Joshi
Rapporteurs Dr N. K. Sanghi
Dr Meiku Lal
Lead Papers Dr N.C. Joshi
Dr G. Friesen
Dr K. Lakshminarayana
Discu ion
19 January 1982
093 1100 hr TECHNICAL SESSION--III
Theme Integrated Nutrient Supply Systems for Drylands
Ch irman Dr J. S. Kanwar
Rapporteur Dr K. Vijayalakshml
L. d P pers Dr J. Ver.kateswarlu
Dr Rajat De
Dr Ranjodh Singh
Discussion
1100-1145 hr Tea Break
Iv
1145- 1300 hr TECHNICAL SESSION- IV
Theme Runoff Management
Chairman Or B.A. Chaugule
Rapporteur Mr C.K.R. Chetty
Lead Papers Dr K. Vijayalakshmi
Dr S. M. Miranda, Dr P. Pathak and Dr. K. L. Sriv Ilav
Discussion
1300- 1400 hr Lunch Break
1400-1530 hr. TECHNICAL SESSION- V
Theme Alternate Land Use Systems for Dryland
Chairman Dr K.A. Shankarnarayan
Rapporteur Mr R.B. Das
Lead Papers Dr K. A. Shankarnarayan
Dr C.J. Itnal and Dr R. Hampaiah
Discussion
1530-1 545 hr Tea Break
, 545-1750 hr TECHNICAL SESSION- VI
Theme EHicient Use of Environment
Chairman Dr L.D. Swindale
Repporteur Dr V. Bala Subramanian
Lead Papers Dr V.V. Dhruva Narayana
Dr S.M. Virmani
Discussion
20 January 1982
TECHNICAL SESSION- VII
0930- 1030 hr
Efficient Use of Power In Dryland.
Theme
Dr G. Friesen
Chairman
Dr C. Sriram
Rapporteur
Dr D. S. Rajput
lead Papers
Dr G. E. Thier.t.ln
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Diac:usalon
1030-1045 hr Tea Break
1045-1200 hr TECHNICAL SESSION-VIII
Theme Yield Gap Analysis
Chairman Dr R.P. Singh
Rapporteur Mr D. l. Vyas
Lead Papers Mr B. K. Rastogi
Dr R. D. Ghodake and Dr T.S Walker
Dilcusslon
1200-1315 hr TECHNICAL SESSION-IX
Theme Field Testing of Dryland Technology
Chairman Dr S.K. Sharma
Rapporteur Dr S.K. Das
Lead Papers Dr B. G. Rajasekhara
Dr S R. Raje
Discussion
1315- 1430 hr Lunch Break
1430- 1600 hr PLENARY SESSIOl\'
Chairman Dr N. G. Perur
Repporteur Dr K. Vijayalakshmi
Mr B.K. Rastogi
Pre entation Sessions' Reports and Chairman" remarks
Vote of thanks Dr R.P. Singh
1600-1630 hr Tea
vi
CONTENTS
Authors Chapta" Pag.
A. P. Singh Foreword IX
INAUGURAL SESSION
O.P. Gautam Key· note Address 1
C. Venkata Rao Inaugural Address 10
CROPPING SYSTEMS FOR DRYLANDS
Mahatim Singh Cropping Systems for Drylands 15
V. Bala Subramanian Pulses and Oilseeds in Rainfed
Cropping Systems 26
INTEGRATED WEED. PEST AND DISEASE
MANAGEMENT IN DRYLANDS
N.C. Joshi Recent Advances in Pest Managam nt 42
G.H. Friesen Integrated Weed Management for
Dryland 45
K. Lakshminarayana Pest Management in Sorghum 50
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT SUPPLY SYSTEMS
FOR DRYLANDS
J. Venkateswarlu Nutrient Supply from Organic ....,
Sources 64
Rajat De Some Aspects of Nutrient Supply in
Drylands 61
Ranjodh Singh Integrated Fertiliser U e In Dryland. 68
RUNOFF MANAGEMENT
K. Vijayalakshmi Runoff Management 78
S M. Miranda, P. Pathak Runoff Management of Small Agricultural
and K. L. Srivastava Water· sheds : The ICRISAT ElCperiene 88
vii
Authors Chapters
ALTERNATE LAND USE SYSTEMS
FOR DRYLANDS
K.A. Shankarnarayan Alternate Posibilities for Drylands 98
C.J. Itnal and R. Hampaiah Alternate Systems for Drylands 108
EFFICIENT USE OF ENVIRONMENT
V.V. Dhruva Narayana Efficient Use of Environment
EFFICIENT USE OF POWER IN DRYLANDS
D.S. Rajput Power Requirements in Drylands 120
G.E. Thierstein The Efficient Use of power in
Dryland Agriculture 128
YIELD GAP ANALYSIS
B.K. Rastogi Yield Gap Analysis :
Constraints and Approaches 139
R.D. Ghodake and Yield Gap Analysis :
T.S. Walker Perspectives and Implications 151
FIELD TESTING OF DRYLAND TECHNOLOGY
B.G. R ja ekhara Field Testing of Dryland Technology 168
S.R. Raje Operational Research : The Indo-UK
Experience at Indore 171
SUMMING UP
R.P. Singh Thrust in the Eighties 187
List of Participants 192
viii
Foreword
The importance of dryland agriculture to total food productIon in Indi a
well as to the prosperity of dryland farmers n eds no emphasIs Th ICAR's
All India Co-ordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture h 5 b II conduc
ting adaptive research on various aspects of dryland agriculture through it 23
cooperating centres located at various regions of India. The Prol ct hilS compl t d
a decade of fruitful research and has come out with simpl implomentabl
recommendations on dryland crop production practic s.
The end of a ten year period is on appropriate time when tho scienti
engaged in dryland Agricultural research should critically revIew the p st r ults
and draw-up priorities for the immediate as well as long term lutur require
ments. One of the best ways of achieving this goal is to organis a seminar
which brings the scientists concerned together for discussion, exch nge of id 5
and consensus on decisIons. It was done. The National Semin r "A 0 cade
of Dryland Agricultural Research in India and Thrust in the Elghtias" was held at
Hyderabad from 18·20 January, 1982 wIth the following obj ctlV 5 :
i. To take stock 01 the achievement 01 tho dryli:lnd resee'ch dono during th
decade 1971-80
ii. To identify gaps in dryland knowledge and technology
iii. To set out dryland agricultural research and develo!)ment priorities lor the
eighties.
There were nine technical sessions. which hllv COV r d almost 811 the
aspects of dryland agriculture-cropping systems. crop prot ction. nutrient lupply
resource management, implements economics. fl Id t sting otc The a mrn r
was so planned that in each session there were complem ntary pr s nt tlons of
review.. and views by the scientists 01 the All India Co-ordln ted Re rch
Project for Oryland Agriculture as well as the ientllts WI h common interest
from other research institutions. ThIS approach has relulted in fr flow of
knowled:Je from different angles A uniform format of pr sent tion of articl •
hiS not been followed. It may be appreciated that. as the nature of content.
vastly ditfer. the contributor has chos.n his own style. ~ ~
One of the results of this successful seminar is this publication which
contains almost all the papers contributed by experts in re pon to my invit -
tion.. It is not merely a documentation Hopefully the inform tion. dlta. inter
pretation, views, suggestions for future etc 8vailable in th various erticl will
8110 be of value to scientists of other dlyland 81e • of the world.
Ix