Drugs in Ophthalmology

226 Pages·2006·0.92 MB·English

by  Donald S. Fong MD

Donald S. Fong
Simon K. Law
Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
Editors
Drugs in Ophthalmology
Donald S. Fong
Simon K. Law
Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
Editors
Drugs in
Ophthalmology
1 3
Donald S. Fong, MD, MPH Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, MD
Director Professor and Chair
Clinical Trials Department of Ophthalmology
Department of Research and Evaluation Medical University of Vienna
Kaiser Permanente Southern California Währinger Gürtel 18–20
100 S. Los Robles A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Pasadena
CA 91101, USA
Simon K. Law, MD, PharmD
Jules Stein Eye Institute
100 Stein Plaza 2-235
Los Angeles
CA 90095, USA
ISBN-10 3-540-23435-7 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
ISBN-13 978-3-540-23435-7 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2005933261
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006
Printed in Germany
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from
the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Product liability: the publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about
dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check
such information by consulting the relevant literature.
Editor: Marion Philipp, Heidelberg, Germany
Desk Editor: Martina Himberger, Heidelberg, Germany
Production: ProEdit GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
Cover: Frido Steinen-Broo, EStudio Calamar, Spain
Typesetting: Stürtz GmbH, Würzburg, Germany
Printed on acid-free paper 24/3151 Re 5 4 3 2 1 0
Disclaimer
The nature of drug information is that it is constantly changing because of continu-
ing research and clinical experience and is often subject to ongoing evaluation. While
significant care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information, the reader
is advised that the authors, editors, reviewers, contributors, and publishers cannot be
responsible for the continued currency of the information, for any errors or omissions in
this book, or for any consequences arising therefrom. Because of the changing nature
of drug information, readers are advised that decisions regarding drug therapy must
be based on the independent judgment of the ophthalmologist, changing information
(literature and manufacturer‘s information), and changing medical practice.
List of Contributors
Amani A. Fawzi, MD
University of Southern California
Keck School of Medicine
Doheny Eye Institute
San Pablo Street 1450
Los Angeles
CA 90033, USA
Donald S. Fong, MD, MPH
Director
Clinical Trials
Department of Research and Evaluation
Kaiser Permanente Southern California
100 S. Los Robles
Pasadena
CA 91101, USA
Simon K. Law, MD, PharmD
Jules Stein Eye Institute
100 Stein Plaza 2-235
Los Angeles
CA 90095, USA
Rike Michels
Department of Ophthalmology
Medical University of Vienna
Währinger Gürtel 18–20
A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, MD
Professor and Chair
Department of Ophthalmology
Medical University of Vienna
Währinger Gürtel 18–20
A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Hasan Syed, MD, Stanford University
Medical Center
General Surgery
Welch Road 1170
Palo Alto
CA 94304, USA
Table of Contents
I Alphabetical Listing of Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II Dosage Summary for Anti-infectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Introduction
This drug handbook is divided into two sections:
Alphabetical Listing of Drugs
Entries in this section are listed by generic name. Information for each drug is arranged
in a consistent format for easy reference. If one or more of the following categories is not
applicable to a certain drug, it will not be listed. If Pregnancy Category is not listed for an
individual drug, then it is either listed under the first drug in a group of drugs, or safety
and efficacy in pregnancy have not been established.
Summary of Anti-infectives
This section summarizes the common doses of antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals.
For each drug, the dose for each route of administration is included.
Generic name
Brand names Common trade names
Class of drug Therapeutic class
Indications Common uses of the drug
Dosage form Common forms of the drug
Dose The amount of drug to be given or taken during therapy.
The dosage is to be taken as a guideline and does not
preclude other dosage regimens
Contraindications Information pertaining to inappropriate use of the drug
Warnings Hazardous conditions related to use of the drug and disease
states or patient populations in which the drug should be
used cautiously
Adverse reactions Considerations to be taken into account
Pregnancy category FDA categories that indicate the potential for causing birth
defects
Controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to
A demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the fi rst trimester with no
evidence of risk in later trimesters. The possibility of fetal
harm appears remote
Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated
B a fetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant
women, or animal-reproduction studies have shown an
adverse eff ect that was not confi rmed in controlled studies
in women in the fi rst trimester and there was no evidence
of a risk in later trimesters
Either studies in animals have revealed adverse eff ects on the
C fetus (teratogenic, embryocidal eff ects, or other) and there
are no controlled studies in women, or studies in women and
animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the
potential benefi ts justify the potential risk to the fetus
There is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but the
D benefi ts from use in pregnant women may be acceptable
despite the risk (e.g., if the drug is needed in a life-threate-
ning situation or for a serious disease for which safer drugs
cannot be used or are ineff ective)
6
Generic name
X Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal
abnormalities or there is evidence of fetal risk based on
human experience, or both, and the risk of the use of the
drug in pregnant women clearly outweighs any possible
benefi t. The drug is contraindicated in women who are or
may become pregnant
Drug interactions Only clinically important interactions are listed