(( 3. Umbruch 2.11.2004 )) Milestones in Drug Therapy MDT Series Editors Prof. Michael J. Parnham, PhD Prof. Dr. J. Bruinvels Senior Scientific Advisor Sweelincklaan 75 PLIVA Research Institute Ltd NL-3723 JC Bilthoven Prilaz baruna Filipovic´a 29 The Netherlands HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia Drugs for Relapse Prevention of Alcoholism Edited by R. Spanagel and K.F. Mann Birkhäuser Verlag Basel · Boston · Berlin Editors Rainer Spanagel Karl F. Mann Universität Heidelberg Klinik für Abhängiges Verhalten und Abteilung für Psychopharmakologie Suchtmedizin J5,Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit J5,Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit 68159 Mannheim 68159 Mannheim Germany Germany Advisory Board J.C. Buckingham (Imperial College School of Medicine,London,UK) R.J. Flower (The William Harvey Research Institute,London,UK) G. Lambrecht (J.W. Goethe Universität,Frankfurt,Germany) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed biblio- graphic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.ddb.de ISBN 3-7643-0214-3 Birkhäuser Verlag,Basel - Boston - Berlin The publisher and editor can give no guarantee for the information on drug dosage and administration contained in this publication. The respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other sources of reference in each individual case. The use of registered names,trademarks etc. in this publication,even if not identified as such,does not imply that they are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations or free for general use. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved,whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,specifically the rights of translation,reprinting,re-use of illustrations,recitation,broad- casting,reproduction on microfilms or in other ways,and storage in data banks. For any kind of use, permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. ©2005 Birkhäuser Verlag,P.O. Box 133,CH-4010 Basel,Switzerland Part of Springer Science+Business Media Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TFC ∞ Cover illustration:((folgt)) Printed in Germany ISBN 3-7643-0214-3 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 www. birkhauser.ch V Contents List of contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI Griffith Edwards History of prevention of relapse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Rainer Spanagel How to measure relapse in animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Henry R. Kranzler and Howard Tennen How to measure relapse in humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Dieter Ladewig and Ulrich von Bardeleben Disulfiram (Antabuse®):the first medication to stop drinking . . . . . . 41 Michael S. Cowen Naltrexone:preclinical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Charles P. O’Brien,Helen M. Pettinati and David W. Oslin Naltrexone:clinical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Philippe De Witte,Daniel Bachteler and Rainer Spanagel Acamprosate:preclinical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Karl F. Mann Acamprosate:clinical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Anh Dzung Lê and Douglas R. Funk Serotonergic compounds:preclinical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Bankole A. Johnson Serotonergic compounds:clinical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Petri Hyytiä Opioidergic compounds:preclinical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 VI Contents John David Sinclair Second generation opioidergic compounds:clinical data . . . . . . . . . . 125 Friedbert Weiss Dopaminergic compounds:preclinical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Gerhard A. Wiesbeck Dopaminergic compounds:clinical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Mauro A.M. Carai,Roberta Agabio,Giovanni Addolorato, Gian L. Gessa and Giancarlo Colombo Baclofen:preclinical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Giovanni Addolorato,Ludovico Abenavoli,Lorenzo Leggio, Giosuè DeLorenzi,Anna Ferrulli,Fabio Caputo,Roberta Agabio, Gian Luigi Gessa,Giancarlo Colombo and Giovanni Gasbarrini Baclofen:clinical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Mauro A.M. Carai,Carla Lobina,Gian Luigi Gessa and Giancarlo Colombo Cannabinoid receptor antagonists:a perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Markus Heilig and Todd E. Thiele Neuropeptide Y antagonists:a perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Daniel Bachteler and Rainer Spanagel Glutamatergic compounds:a perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Rainer Spanagel and Karl F. Mann Future perspectives on relapse prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Appendix – Chemical structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 VII List of contributors Ludovico Abenavoli, Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Gemelli Hospital,L.go A. Gemelli 8,00168 Rome,Italy Giovanni Addolorato, Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Gemelli Hospital, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] Roberta Agabio, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Viale Diaz 182,09126 Cagliari,Italy; e-mail:[email protected] Daniel Bachteler, Department of Psychopharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), J5, 68159 Mannheim,Germany; e-mail:[email protected] Fabio Caputo, G. Fontana, Center for the Study and Treatment of Alcohol Addiction, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy Mauro A.M. Carai,Department of Neuroscience,University of Cagliari,Viale Diaz 182,09126 Cagliari,Italy; e-mail:[email protected] Giancarlo Colombo, C.N.R. Institute of Neuroscience, Section of Cagliari, Viale Diaz 182,09126 Cagliari,Italy; e-mail:[email protected] Michael S. Cowen, Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010,Australia; e-mail:[email protected] Giosuè deLorenzi,Institute of Internal Medicine,Catholic University,Gemelli Hospital,L.go A. Gemelli 8,00168 Rome,Italy Philippe De Witte,UCL – Biologie du Comportement,Place Croix du Sud,1 bte 10,1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,Belgium; e-mail:[email protected] Griffith Edwards, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, 4 Windsor Walk,London SE 5AF,UK; e-mail:[email protected] Anna Ferrulli, Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Gemelli Hospital,L.go A. Gemelli 8,00168 Rome,Italy Douglas R. Funk, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Addition and Mental Health,Toronto,Ontario,Canada M5S 2S1 Giovanni Gasbarrini, Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Gemelli Hospital, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] Gian Luigi Gessa, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari; and C.N.R. Institute of Neuroscience, Viale Diaz 182, 09126 Cagliari,Italy; e-mail:[email protected] Markus Heilig, Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Studies, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,National Institiute of Health,10 Center Drive (10/1E5330), Bethesda, MD, 20892-1108, USA; e-mail: VIII List of contributors [email protected] Petri Hyytiä, Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, POB 33, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland; e-mail: [email protected] Bankole A. Johnson, South Texas Addiction Research & Technology Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 3939 Medical Drive, Suite 100, San Antonio, TX 78229- 3900,USA; e-mail:[email protected],and Departments of Psychiatric Medicine and Neuroscience, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800623, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0623, USA; e-mail: bankolejohnson@ virginia.edu Henry R. Kranzler, Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-2103, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Dieter Ladewig, Department of Substance Use Disorders, Psychiatric University Hospital, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4025 Basel, Switzerland; e-mail:[email protected] Anh Dzung Lê,Department of Neuroscience,Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S1; and Department of Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; e-mail:[email protected] Lorenzo Leggio, Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Gemelli Hospital,L.go A. Gemelli 8,00168 Rome,Italy Carla Lobina,Department of Neuroscience,University of Cagliari,Viale Diaz 182,09126 Cagliari,Italy Karl F. Mann, Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Central Institute of Mental Health, J 5, 68159 Mannheim,Germany; e-mail:[email protected] Charles P. O’Brien, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry/Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Treatment Research Center, 3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6178, USA; e-mail:[email protected] David W. Oslin, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry/ Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Treatment Research Center, 3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6178, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Helen M. Pettinati, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry/Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Treatment Research Center, 3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6178, USA; e-mail:[email protected] John David Sinclair, Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute (KTL), POB 33, Helsinki 00251, Finland; e-mail:[email protected] Rainer Spanagel, Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, List of contributors IX Germany; e-mail:[email protected] Howard Tennen, Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-2103, USA; e-mail:[email protected] Todd E. Thiele, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Davie Hall,CB 3270,Chapel Hill,NC 27599-3270,USA Ulrich von Bardeleben, Psychiatrische Klinik Meiringen, 3860 Meiringen, Switzerland; e-mail:[email protected] Friedbert Weiss, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute (CVN 15), 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; e-mail:[email protected] Gerhard A. Wiesbeck, Department of Substance Use Disorders, Psychiatric University Hospital, Wilhelm-Klein-Strasse 27, 4025 Basel, Switzerland; e-mail:[email protected]
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