Drugs, Crime, and Other Deviant Adaptations Longitudinal Studies LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH IN THE SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES An Interdisciplinary Series Series Editors: Howard B. Kaplan, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Adele Eskeles Gottfried, California State University, Northridge, California Allen W. Gottfried, California State University, Fullerton, California DRUGS, CRIME, AND OTHER DEVIANT ADAPTATIONS: Longitudinal Studies Edited by Howard B. Kaplan A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. Drugs, Crime, and Other Deviant Adaptations Longitudinal Studies Edited by Howard B. Kaplan Texas A&M University College Station, Texas Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data On file ISBN 978-1-4899-0972-5 ISBN 978-1-4899-0970-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-0970-1 © 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1995 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 10 987654321 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher To my family: Diane Susan, Samuel Charles, Rachel Esther Contributors Eleni A. Apospori, South Florida Youth Development Project, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. Judith S. Brook, Department of Community Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029. Patricia Cohen, New York State Psychiatric Institute and School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027. Lori Collins-Hall, Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Albany, Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center, Albany, New York 12222. Kelly R. Damphousse, Department of Sociology, Texas A&M University, Col lege Station, Texas 77843. Andres G. Gil, South Florida Youth Development Project, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. Denise B. Kandel, Department of Psychiatry and School of Public Health, Co lumbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032. Howard B. Kaplan, Department of Sociology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843. Marvin D. Krohn, Department of Sociology, State University of New York at Albany, Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center, Albany, New York 12222. Alan J. Lizotte, School of Criminal Justice, State University of New York at Albany, Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center, Albany, New York 12222. Steven S. Martin, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Department of Soci ology and Criminal Justice, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716. Joan McCord, Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, Philadel phia, Pennsylvania 19122. Michael D. Newcomb, Division of Counseling and Educational Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007. vii viii Contributors Cynthia A. Robbins, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Department of So ciology and Criminal Justice, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716. Alan W. Stacy, Institute for Prevention Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007; and Department of Psychology, University of California, Los An geles, Los Angeles, California 90024. Terence P. Thornberry, School of Criminal Justice, State University of New York at Albany, Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center, Albany, New York 12222. William A. Vega, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720. George J. Warheit, South Florida Youth Development Project, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. Martin Whiteman, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027. Ping Wu, Department of Psychiatry and School of Public Health, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032. Rick S. Zimmerman, South Florida Youth Development Project, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124. Preface This volume brings together a sample of the best of the studies that illustrate two recent trends in research on deviant behavior. The first of these trends is the investigation of deviant behavior in longitudinal perspective. Panels of subjects are followed over long periods of time to establish temporal relationships be tween deviant behavior and the antecedents and consequences of deviant behav ior. The second trend in contemporary research on deviance is the recognition of the association among forms of deviant behavior such as violence, drug abuse, and theft. The recognition of the covariation among forms of deviance stimulated questions regarding the nature of the relationships among multiple forms of de viance. Is one form of deviant behavior a cause or a consequence of other forms of deviant behavior? What variables mediate and moderate such causal relation ships? Do different forms of deviant behavior have common antecedents and consequences? Independent of the foregoing relationships, do particular forms of deviant behavior have unique antecedents and consequences? The eight original research studies that, along with the introduction and overview, constitute this volume are based on data drawn from among the most influential longitudinal studies in the general area of deviant behavior. These studies variously consider common and pattern-specific antecedents and conse quences, reciprocal influences, and intervening and moderating variables in causal relationships among drug use, crime, and other forms of deviance. Earlier versions of four of the research contributions were presented as part of a panel on "Drug Abuse and Crime in Longitudinal Perspective" at the 44th Annual Meetings of the American Society of Criminology in New Orleans, in November 1992. This panel, chaired by the editor of this volume, was organized in anticipation of the preparation of this volume. These four papers, together with the other four invited research reports, have in common that they use data from longitudinal studies to address questions regarding the nature of the rela tionships among various forms of deviance in addition to more general questions about other psychosocial antecedents and consequences of deviant response pat terns. The eight research reports use similar formats in which the theoretical and empirical bases for the research, methods, results, and discussion are presented ix x Preface in tum. Collectively, these contributions constitute a cumulative body of knowl edge, suggest emerging trends in research on deviant behavior, and define la cunae that make up the research agenda for the coming decades concerning the nature of the relationships among drugs, crime, and other deviant adaptations to stress, and the nature of their common and pattern-specific antecedents and con sequences. Acknowledgments The preparation of this volume was accomplished in the course of research supported by research grant ROI DA02497 and Research Scientist Award K05 DAOOl36 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse to the editor. I am grateful to "Sam" McLean for her usual competence, diligence, and dedication in the preparation of this volume. I happily acknowledge also the many good services of the editorial staff of Plenum Press.