Drugs and crime PDF
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Drugs_Crime_3ed.qxd 23/4/08 7:19 pm Page 1 Drugs Crime and D r u THIRD EDITION Drugs Crime and g Philip Bean s a THIRD EDITION A high proportion of crimes committed in Britain are drugs-related, with many n offenders reporting drug use prior to the commission of their offence. However, the direct link between drug taking and crime is often less clear than is supposed if only d because many of those offenders would have committed offences anyway, and these offences need to be separated from those that are directly caused by drugs. Attempts C to address many of these and related issues have been bedevilled by misunder- standing and a lack of consensus on the nature of the relationship between drugs and crime. r i This book is a major contribution to this debate, and provides an authoritative and m much-needed overview of the range of issues associated with drugs-related crime. The author pays particular attention to policing drugs and drug markets and the way they operate, so that a central theme of the book is the importance of reducing e supply at local, national and international levels. Accordingly there are chapters on the drugs–crime link, sentencing drug offenders, policing drug offenders including the use of informers, coercive treatment, trafficking and laundering, and on gender E issues, including the treatment of women drug users. DT H I TI This updated and expanded new edition builds upon the strengths of earlier editions IR of the book. It has been updated throughout, includes new information on police OD N tactics such as ‘stop and search’ and ‘test purchase’, and has an entirely new chapter on the legalisation debate. P Philip Bean is one of the UK’s leading authorities on drugs and crime, and has h published widely in this field. He is Emeritus Professor of Criminology at i Loughborough University, and a former director of the Midlands Centre for l i Criminology and Criminal Justice. He was also president of the British Criminological p Society (1996–1999), and was until 2005 an Associate of the General Medical Council. His most recent book is Madness and Crime, published by Willan in 2007. B e a n Academic and Professional Publisher of the Year 2008 Philip Bean www.willanpublishing.co.uk Drugs and Crime Drugs and Crime Third edition Philip Bean Published by Willan Publishing Culmcott House Mill Street, Uffculme Cullompton, Devon EX15 3AT, UK Tel: +44(0)1884 840337 Fax: +44(0)1884 840251 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.willanpublishing.co.uk Published simultaneously in the USA and Canada by Willan Publishing c/o ISBS, 920 NE 58th Ave, Suite 300, Portland, Oregon 97213-3786, USA Tel: +001(0)503 287 3093 Fax: +001(0)503 280 8832 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.isbs.com © Philip Bean 2008 The rights of Philip Bean to be identified as the author of this book have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988. All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting copying in the UK issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. First edition 2001 Second edition 2004 Third edition 2008 ISBN 978-1-84392-331-2 paperback British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for th is book is available from the British Library Project managed by Deer Park Productions, Tavistock, Devon Typeset by GCS, Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire Printed and bound by TJ International Ltd, Trecerus Industrial Estate, Padstow, Cornwall Contents List of tables and figures ix Preface and acknowledgements xi 1 Drugs and crime: an overview 1 Extent of drug use 2 An assessment 10 An historical approach to theories linking drugs to crime 11 2 Drugs and crime: theoretical assumptions 19 Introduction 19 The three major explanatory models 23 An overview 47 3 Sentencing drug offenders 51 Producing the data 51 An overview of the legal position 54 Some concluding comments 75 4 Coercive treatment and mandatory drug testing 80 The aims and nature of treatment 84 Coercive or enforced treatment of substance abuse 86 Mandatory drug testing 92 An overview of the types of tests available 95 Likely errors and ways of tampering with the tests 99 Some legal and social issues concerning testing 103 Conclusion 106 Drugs and Crime 5 The Drug Treatment and Testing Order and drug courts 107 The pilot studies 112 Drug courts 115 Some additional comments 123 Drug courts and the DTTO: a comparison 125 Drug courts in Scotland and Ireland 128 An overview and summary 135 Improving treatment services 136 6 Trafficking and laundering 140 Trafficking – an overview 140 International cooperation 150 Drug dealing within Britain 151 Money laundering 157 Confiscation orders 164 7 Policing drug markets 168 Policing policy 168 Drug markets generally 169 The impact of policing 174 Assessing the effectiveness of policing 187 Policing professional organisations 192 8 Informers and corruption 199 The legal authority for informers 201 Protecting the informer 202 Reducing the sentence 205 Informers: who are they, and how to control them? 206 Informers and drug dealing 208 The special case of juveniles 210 Corruption 213 Corruption and policing 216 Conclusion 219 9 Women, drugs and crime 220 Women, health and social norms 221 Women drug users, crime and prison 227 Women as users and dealers 230 Women in treatment 233 A note on juveniles 235 10 The legalisation debate 242 The major positions – ideal types 242 i Contents The two major sets of arguments 251 An assessment 262 11 Suggestions for the way forward 268 The 1960s and beyond 269 Contributions from the drugs and crime debate and beyond 274 References 289 Name index 307 Subject index 312 ii For Maryjane, Jodey, Liam and Callan
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