Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism

509 Pages·1993·32.21 MB·English

by  M. Daria Haust (auth.), A. L. Catapano, A. M. Gotto Jr., Louis C. Smith, Rodolfo Paoletti (eds.)

DRUGS AFFECTING LIPID METABOLISM
Medical Science Symposia Series
Volume 2
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
DRUGS AFFECTING
LIPID METABOLISM
Edited by
A.L. Catapano
Institute of Pharmacological Sciences,
University of Milan, Milan, Italy
A.M. Gotto, Ir.
Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital,
Houston, Texas, U.SA.
L.e. Smith
Department of Experimental Medicine, The Methodist Hospital,
Houston, Texas, U.SA.
and
R. Paoletti
Institute of Pharmacological Sciences,
University of Milan, Milan, Italy
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Drugs affecting 1 ipid metabol ism ! edited by A.L. Catapano ... [et
al. ] .
p. cm. -- (Medical sClence symposla ser ies i v. 2)
Proceedings of the 11th InternatIonal Symposium on Drugs Affecting
Lip i d Me tab ali s m. h e 1 din 1992 in F lor e n ce. It a 1 y .
Includes index.
ISBN 978-94-010-4746-3 ISBN 978-94-011-1703-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1703-6
1. Antilipemic agents--Congresses. 2. Hyperlipidemia-
-Chemotherapy--Congresses. 3. Atherosclerosls--Chemotherapy-
-Congresses. 4. Coronary heart disease--Chemotherapy--Congresses.
1. Catapano. Alberico L. II. International Symposium on Drugs
Affecting l1pid Metabolism. (l1th 1992 Florence. Italy)
III. Ser,es.
[DNLM: 1. Ant il i pem i c Agents--congresses. 2. Lip i ds--metabo 1 i sm-
-congresses. 3. L Ipoprote i ns--metabo II sm--congresses.
4. Metabol ism--drug effects--congresses. W1 ME46RD v.2 1993 I au
85]
RC632.H87D78 1993
615' .739--dc20
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 93-5111
ISBN 978-94-010-4746-3
Printed an acid-free paper
AH Rights Reserved
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1993
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permis sion from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
Preface
List of Contributors
I: PROGRESSION AND REGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
1. Regression of Human Aortic Fatty Streaks of Early Life
M.D. Haust 1
II: RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE
2. Serum Cholesterol as a Risk Factor: Effects of Gender and Age
P.H. Epstein 9
3. Influence of Atherogenic Lipoproteins on the Thrombotic Potential of
Endothelial Cells
E. Tremoli, M. Camera, S. Colli, L. Sironi, L. Prati, C. Banfi and
L. Mussoni 15
4. Plurimetabolic Syndrome or Syndrome X. Is it a Real Syndrome?
G. Crepaldi, E. Manzato and R. Nosadini 23
III: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF APOLIPOPROTEINS
5. Three Liver-Enriched Transcription Factors: HNF-l, CIEBP, and Protein
II are Required to Enhance Transcription of the Human Apolipoprotein
BGene
B. Levy-Wilson and A.R. Brooks 29
6. Structure-Function Relationships of Apolipoprotein B-lOO
L. Chan 45
7. Contribution of Helix-Helix Interactions to the Stability of
Apolipoprotein-Lipid Complexes
B. Vanloo, M. Rosseneu, M. De Pauw, L. Lins, R. Brasseur and
J-M. Ruysschaert 49
IV: NEW ASPECTS OF LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM
8. Oxidatively Modified LDL and Atherosclerosis
D. Steinberg 57
vi CONTENTS
9. Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Coronary Artery Disease
J.R. Patsch 69
10. Genetic Factors Affecting Lipoprotein Metabolism
K. Berg 75
11. Lipoprotein Assembly: A Potential Target for Drugs Affecting
Lipid Metabolism
R.A. Davis 83
V: FATTY ACID, LIPASE AND TRIGLYCERIDE METABOLISM
12. Structural Features that Determine the Functional Properties of the Loop
Region of Human Lipoprotein Lipase
L.C. Smith, R.D. Knapp, F. Faustinella and L. Chan 89
13. Molecular Genetics of Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency
M.R. Hayden and Y. Ma 97
14. A New Case of Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency
A. Capurso, G. Pepe, G. Chimienti, F. Resta, M. Lovecchio and
A.M. Colacicco 101
15. Modulation of Triglyceride Metabolism by Diet and Drugs
H.J. Pownall, P. Pace, R.D. Knapp, A.M. Gotto, Jr, and P.H. Jones 107
VI: REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT - REGULATION OF
CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM TO BILE ACIDS
16. Drugs Affecting Reverse Cholesterol Transport
G. Franceschini, G. Chiesa, L. Calabresi and C.R. Sirtori 115
17. High Density Lipoproteins: Function in Reverse Cholesterol
Transport and Maintenance of Cellular Integrity
G. Schmitz and KJ. Lackner 121
18. The Expression and Regulation of Cholesterol 7a- Hydroxylase
J.Y.L. Chiang, W.G. Karam, T.P. Yang and D.P. Wang 131
19. Cholesterol Metabolism in Normo and Genetically Hyperlipidemic
Rats in Aging
G. Galli, M. Cancellieri, S. Baratte, E. De Fabiani and E. Bosisio 139
CONTENTS
vii
VII: LP(A)
20. In Vitro Effect of Thiol- and Cysteine-Containing Compounds on the
Immunological Reactivity of Human and Rhesus Monkey Lipoprotein(a)
AM. Scanu, D. Pfaffinger, G.M. Pless and K. Makino 145
21. The Interaction of Lp(a) with Liver Cells: Implications for Lipid
Lowering Therapy
G.M. Kostner 151
22. Metabolism of Apo(a) and ApoB-100 in Human Lipoprotein(a)
J.D. Morrisett, J.W. Gaubatz, M.N. Nava, J.R. Guyton,
AS. Hoffman, AR Opekun and D.L. Hachey 161
VIII: ANTIOXIDANTS, LIPOPROTEINS AND ATHEROSCLEROSISX
23. Vitamin E-Absorption, Transport in Lipoproteins, Delivery to
Tissues and Antioxidant Activity
H.J. Kayden and M.G. Traber 169
24. Role of the Macrophage Scavenger Receptor in the 9-Hydroxy-
Octadecadienoic Acid Mediated Expression of Interleukin 1p
G. Ku, C.E. Thomas and RL. Jackson 175
25. Oxidative Damage to Circulating LDL
P. Avogaro, G. Cazzolato, D.M. Kramsch, A Sevanian, H. Hodis and
G. Bittolo Bon 183
IX: DRUGS AFFECTING ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS
26. Dietary Advice for the Prevention of Arterial Thrombosis
M. Mancini, A Rivellese and G. Di Minno 191
27. Drugs Affecting High-Density Lipoprotein and Triglyceride Metabolism
AM. Gotto, Jr 199
28. Drugs Affecting Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis
C.R Sirtori and S. Colli 215
29. Lipid Lowering: Progression and Regression of Atherosclerotic Lesions
D.H. Blankenhorn and the MARS and CLAS Study Groups 231
30. Clinical Trials of Atherosclerosis Regression
B. Lewis 241
viii
CONTENTS
31. Biochemical Mechanisms Associated with the Lipolytic Effects of
Calcium Channel Blockers
K.B. Pomerantz, A.e. Nicholson, O. Etingin, B. Summers and D.P. Hajjar 251
X: NEW ASPECTS OF HYPOLIPIDEMIC THERAPY
32. Pravastatin Reduces Plasma Concentration of a More Electronegatively
Charged LDL Subfraction in FH
G. Bittolo-Bon, G. Cazzolato, P. Alessandrini and P. Avogaro 261
33. Clinical Experience with Fluvastatin, the First Synthetic HMG-CoA
Reductase Inhibitor
L.A. Jokubaitis, A.J. Troendle, J.M. Fattu and RI. Levy 269
34. Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
J.C. LaRosa 277
35. Combined Drug Treatment of Severe Hypercholesterolemia
P. Schwandt 283
36. Regression of Coronary Atherosclerosis by LDL-Apheresis
A. Yamamoto, Y. Goto, Y. Nakashima, T. Yasugi, Y. Okamura, Y. Saito,
T. Nishide, N. Inoue, N. Koga, B. Kishino, H. Ito, T. Teramoto and
R Tatami for LDL-Apheresis Regression Study (LARS) Group 293
37. Partial Ileal Bypass - Results of the Program on the Surgical Control of
the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH)
e.T. Campos and H. Buchwald and the POSCH Group 299
38. Hypercholesterolemia: Negotiating the Issues
J.e. LaRosa 309
39. Antiatherosclerotic Drugs: A Critical Assessment
M. Raiteri, A. Corsini, M.R. Soma, E. Donetti, F. Bernini, R Fumagalli
and R Paoletti 317
CONTENTS ix
SYMPOSIA
A: HDL AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS
40. Experimental and Clinical Evidence for a Protective Role of High-Density
Lipoprotein in Coronary Heart Disease
AM. Gotto, Jr, W. Patsch and J.R. Patsch 333
41. HDL as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: An Update on the
Helsinki Heart Study
v. Manninen and M. Manttm 339
42. Relationship of HDL Cholesterol to Incidence of Atherosclerotic Coronary
Heart Disease: The PROCAM Experience
G. Assmann, A von Eckardstein and H. Schulte 343
43. The Clinical Approach to the Patients with Low HDL and Elevated
Plasma Triglyceride
A Notarbartolo, M.R. A verna and C.M. Barbagallo 357
B: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: A MULTIFACTORIAL APPROACH
44. Familial Lipoprotein Disorders in Patients with Premature Coronary
Artery Disease
E.1. Schaefer, J.M. Ordovas, P.W.F. Wilson, D.N. Salem and J.1. Genest, Jr 365
45. Efficacy of Fenofibrate on Plasma Cholesterol in Swine with Spontaneous
Hypercholesterolemia
J. Rapacz, J. Hasler-Rapacz and AD. Edgar 375
46. Lipoprotein Particles Heterogeneity: Clinical and Pharmacological
Implication
J.C. Fruchart 383
47. Fibrinogen: Pathogenetical and Therapeutical Implications in
Atherosclerosis
M. Leschke, M.M. Borst, O. Rabenau, F.C. Schoebel and B.E. Strauer 391
48. Regression and Decrease in Progression of Coronary Artery Disease
Through Lipid-Lowering Therapy
H.W. Hahrnann 399
x CONTENTS
C: ANTIOXIDANTS AND LIPID METABOLISM:
NEW DIRECTIONS IN TIlE MANAGEMENT OF
ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA
49. Glycation and Oxidation of Proteins: A Role in the Pathogenesis
of Atherosclerosis?
TJ. Lyons 407
50. A Modern View of Atherogenesis
CJ. Schwartz 421
51. Defective Catabolism of Oxidized LDL by 1774 Murine Macrophages
P. Roma, F. Bernini, R. Fogliatto, S.M. Bertulli, S. Negri, R. Fumagalli
and AL. Catapano 427
52. Analysis of Lipid vs. Non-Lipid Effect on Atherosclerosis Development
J. Regnstrom, J. Nilsson, AG. Olsson, L.A Carlson, U. Erikson and
G. Walldius 441
D: TRIGLYCERIDE RICH LIPOPROTEINS: ATHEROGENESIS
AND HEMOSTASIS
53. Atherogenicity of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins: Cellular Aspects
S.H. Gianturco, F.M. Booyse and W.A Bradley 447
54. Atherogenicity of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins: Clinical Aspects
J. Shepherd, M. Caslake, A Gaw, B. Griffin, G. Lindsay and C. Packard 453
55. Factors Influencing the Altered Lipoprotein System in
Hypertriglyceridemia
M.R. Taskinen 467
56. Effects of Fibrates on the Altered Lipoprotein System in
Hypertriglyceridemia
S. Eisenberg 477
57. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins: Role in Atherogenesis and Haemostasis
C.R. Sirtori and M.R. Lovati 483