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Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism PDF

509 Pages·1993·32.21 MB·English
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DRUGS AFFECTING LIPID METABOLISM Medical Science Symposia Series Volume 2 The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. DRUGS AFFECTING LIPID METABOLISM Edited by A.L. Catapano Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy A.M. Gotto, Ir. Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.SA. L.e. Smith Department of Experimental Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, U.SA. and R. Paoletti Institute of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Drugs affecting 1 ipid metabol ism ! edited by A.L. Catapano ... [et al. ] . p. cm. -- (Medical sClence symposla ser ies i v. 2) Proceedings of the 11th InternatIonal Symposium on Drugs Affecting Lip i d Me tab ali s m. h e 1 din 1992 in F lor e n ce. It a 1 y . Includes index. ISBN 978-94-010-4746-3 ISBN 978-94-011-1703-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1703-6 1. Antilipemic agents--Congresses. 2. Hyperlipidemia- -Chemotherapy--Congresses. 3. Atherosclerosls--Chemotherapy- -Congresses. 4. Coronary heart disease--Chemotherapy--Congresses. 1. Catapano. Alberico L. II. International Symposium on Drugs Affecting l1pid Metabolism. (l1th 1992 Florence. Italy) III. Ser,es. [DNLM: 1. Ant il i pem i c Agents--congresses. 2. Lip i ds--metabo 1 i sm- -congresses. 3. L Ipoprote i ns--metabo II sm--congresses. 4. Metabol ism--drug effects--congresses. W1 ME46RD v.2 1993 I au 85] RC632.H87D78 1993 615' .739--dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 93-5111 ISBN 978-94-010-4746-3 Printed an acid-free paper AH Rights Reserved © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1993 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permis sion from the copyright owner. CONTENTS Preface List of Contributors I: PROGRESSION AND REGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS 1. Regression of Human Aortic Fatty Streaks of Early Life M.D. Haust 1 II: RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE 2. Serum Cholesterol as a Risk Factor: Effects of Gender and Age P.H. Epstein 9 3. Influence of Atherogenic Lipoproteins on the Thrombotic Potential of Endothelial Cells E. Tremoli, M. Camera, S. Colli, L. Sironi, L. Prati, C. Banfi and L. Mussoni 15 4. Plurimetabolic Syndrome or Syndrome X. Is it a Real Syndrome? G. Crepaldi, E. Manzato and R. Nosadini 23 III: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF APOLIPOPROTEINS 5. Three Liver-Enriched Transcription Factors: HNF-l, CIEBP, and Protein II are Required to Enhance Transcription of the Human Apolipoprotein BGene B. Levy-Wilson and A.R. Brooks 29 6. Structure-Function Relationships of Apolipoprotein B-lOO L. Chan 45 7. Contribution of Helix-Helix Interactions to the Stability of Apolipoprotein-Lipid Complexes B. Vanloo, M. Rosseneu, M. De Pauw, L. Lins, R. Brasseur and J-M. Ruysschaert 49 IV: NEW ASPECTS OF LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM 8. Oxidatively Modified LDL and Atherosclerosis D. Steinberg 57 vi CONTENTS 9. Postprandial Hyperlipidemia and Coronary Artery Disease J.R. Patsch 69 10. Genetic Factors Affecting Lipoprotein Metabolism K. Berg 75 11. Lipoprotein Assembly: A Potential Target for Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism R.A. Davis 83 V: FATTY ACID, LIPASE AND TRIGLYCERIDE METABOLISM 12. Structural Features that Determine the Functional Properties of the Loop Region of Human Lipoprotein Lipase L.C. Smith, R.D. Knapp, F. Faustinella and L. Chan 89 13. Molecular Genetics of Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency M.R. Hayden and Y. Ma 97 14. A New Case of Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency A. Capurso, G. Pepe, G. Chimienti, F. Resta, M. Lovecchio and A.M. Colacicco 101 15. Modulation of Triglyceride Metabolism by Diet and Drugs H.J. Pownall, P. Pace, R.D. Knapp, A.M. Gotto, Jr, and P.H. Jones 107 VI: REVERSE CHOLESTEROL TRANSPORT - REGULATION OF CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM TO BILE ACIDS 16. Drugs Affecting Reverse Cholesterol Transport G. Franceschini, G. Chiesa, L. Calabresi and C.R. Sirtori 115 17. High Density Lipoproteins: Function in Reverse Cholesterol Transport and Maintenance of Cellular Integrity G. Schmitz and KJ. Lackner 121 18. The Expression and Regulation of Cholesterol 7a- Hydroxylase J.Y.L. Chiang, W.G. Karam, T.P. Yang and D.P. Wang 131 19. Cholesterol Metabolism in Normo and Genetically Hyperlipidemic Rats in Aging G. Galli, M. Cancellieri, S. Baratte, E. De Fabiani and E. Bosisio 139 CONTENTS vii VII: LP(A) 20. In Vitro Effect of Thiol- and Cysteine-Containing Compounds on the Immunological Reactivity of Human and Rhesus Monkey Lipoprotein(a) AM. Scanu, D. Pfaffinger, G.M. Pless and K. Makino 145 21. The Interaction of Lp(a) with Liver Cells: Implications for Lipid Lowering Therapy G.M. Kostner 151 22. Metabolism of Apo(a) and ApoB-100 in Human Lipoprotein(a) J.D. Morrisett, J.W. Gaubatz, M.N. Nava, J.R. Guyton, AS. Hoffman, AR Opekun and D.L. Hachey 161 VIII: ANTIOXIDANTS, LIPOPROTEINS AND ATHEROSCLEROSISX 23. Vitamin E-Absorption, Transport in Lipoproteins, Delivery to Tissues and Antioxidant Activity H.J. Kayden and M.G. Traber 169 24. Role of the Macrophage Scavenger Receptor in the 9-Hydroxy- Octadecadienoic Acid Mediated Expression of Interleukin 1p G. Ku, C.E. Thomas and RL. Jackson 175 25. Oxidative Damage to Circulating LDL P. Avogaro, G. Cazzolato, D.M. Kramsch, A Sevanian, H. Hodis and G. Bittolo Bon 183 IX: DRUGS AFFECTING ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS 26. Dietary Advice for the Prevention of Arterial Thrombosis M. Mancini, A Rivellese and G. Di Minno 191 27. Drugs Affecting High-Density Lipoprotein and Triglyceride Metabolism AM. Gotto, Jr 199 28. Drugs Affecting Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis C.R Sirtori and S. Colli 215 29. Lipid Lowering: Progression and Regression of Atherosclerotic Lesions D.H. Blankenhorn and the MARS and CLAS Study Groups 231 30. Clinical Trials of Atherosclerosis Regression B. Lewis 241 viii CONTENTS 31. Biochemical Mechanisms Associated with the Lipolytic Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers K.B. Pomerantz, A.e. Nicholson, O. Etingin, B. Summers and D.P. Hajjar 251 X: NEW ASPECTS OF HYPOLIPIDEMIC THERAPY 32. Pravastatin Reduces Plasma Concentration of a More Electronegatively Charged LDL Subfraction in FH G. Bittolo-Bon, G. Cazzolato, P. Alessandrini and P. Avogaro 261 33. Clinical Experience with Fluvastatin, the First Synthetic HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor L.A. Jokubaitis, A.J. Troendle, J.M. Fattu and RI. Levy 269 34. Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors J.C. LaRosa 277 35. Combined Drug Treatment of Severe Hypercholesterolemia P. Schwandt 283 36. Regression of Coronary Atherosclerosis by LDL-Apheresis A. Yamamoto, Y. Goto, Y. Nakashima, T. Yasugi, Y. Okamura, Y. Saito, T. Nishide, N. Inoue, N. Koga, B. Kishino, H. Ito, T. Teramoto and R Tatami for LDL-Apheresis Regression Study (LARS) Group 293 37. Partial Ileal Bypass - Results of the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) e.T. Campos and H. Buchwald and the POSCH Group 299 38. Hypercholesterolemia: Negotiating the Issues J.e. LaRosa 309 39. Antiatherosclerotic Drugs: A Critical Assessment M. Raiteri, A. Corsini, M.R. Soma, E. Donetti, F. Bernini, R Fumagalli and R Paoletti 317 CONTENTS ix SYMPOSIA A: HDL AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS 40. Experimental and Clinical Evidence for a Protective Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Coronary Heart Disease AM. Gotto, Jr, W. Patsch and J.R. Patsch 333 41. HDL as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: An Update on the Helsinki Heart Study v. Manninen and M. Manttm 339 42. Relationship of HDL Cholesterol to Incidence of Atherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease: The PROCAM Experience G. Assmann, A von Eckardstein and H. Schulte 343 43. The Clinical Approach to the Patients with Low HDL and Elevated Plasma Triglyceride A Notarbartolo, M.R. A verna and C.M. Barbagallo 357 B: ATHEROSCLEROSIS: A MULTIFACTORIAL APPROACH 44. Familial Lipoprotein Disorders in Patients with Premature Coronary Artery Disease E.1. Schaefer, J.M. Ordovas, P.W.F. Wilson, D.N. Salem and J.1. Genest, Jr 365 45. Efficacy of Fenofibrate on Plasma Cholesterol in Swine with Spontaneous Hypercholesterolemia J. Rapacz, J. Hasler-Rapacz and AD. Edgar 375 46. Lipoprotein Particles Heterogeneity: Clinical and Pharmacological Implication J.C. Fruchart 383 47. Fibrinogen: Pathogenetical and Therapeutical Implications in Atherosclerosis M. Leschke, M.M. Borst, O. Rabenau, F.C. Schoebel and B.E. Strauer 391 48. Regression and Decrease in Progression of Coronary Artery Disease Through Lipid-Lowering Therapy H.W. Hahrnann 399 x CONTENTS C: ANTIOXIDANTS AND LIPID METABOLISM: NEW DIRECTIONS IN TIlE MANAGEMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA 49. Glycation and Oxidation of Proteins: A Role in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis? TJ. Lyons 407 50. A Modern View of Atherogenesis CJ. Schwartz 421 51. Defective Catabolism of Oxidized LDL by 1774 Murine Macrophages P. Roma, F. Bernini, R. Fogliatto, S.M. Bertulli, S. Negri, R. Fumagalli and AL. Catapano 427 52. Analysis of Lipid vs. Non-Lipid Effect on Atherosclerosis Development J. Regnstrom, J. Nilsson, AG. Olsson, L.A Carlson, U. Erikson and G. Walldius 441 D: TRIGLYCERIDE RICH LIPOPROTEINS: ATHEROGENESIS AND HEMOSTASIS 53. Atherogenicity of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins: Cellular Aspects S.H. Gianturco, F.M. Booyse and W.A Bradley 447 54. Atherogenicity of Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins: Clinical Aspects J. Shepherd, M. Caslake, A Gaw, B. Griffin, G. Lindsay and C. Packard 453 55. Factors Influencing the Altered Lipoprotein System in Hypertriglyceridemia M.R. Taskinen 467 56. Effects of Fibrates on the Altered Lipoprotein System in Hypertriglyceridemia S. Eisenberg 477 57. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins: Role in Atherogenesis and Haemostasis C.R. Sirtori and M.R. Lovati 483

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