Table Of Content

Drug Trafficking, Organized Crime, and Violence in the Americas Today University Press of Florida Florida A&M University, Tallahassee Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers Florida International University, Miami Florida State University, Tallahassee New College of Florida, Sarasota University of Central Florida, Orlando University of Florida, Gainesville University of North Florida, Jacksonville University of South Florida, Tampa University of West Florida, Pensacola Drug Trafficking, Organized Crime, and Violence in the Americas Today Edited by Bruce M. Bagley and Jonathan D. Rosen University Press of Florida Gainesville · Tallahassee · Tampa · Boca Raton Pensacola · Orlando · Miami · Jacksonville · Ft. Myers · Sarasota Copyright 2015 by Bruce M. Bagley and Jonathan D. Rosen All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper This book may be available in an electronic edition. 20 19 18 17 16 15 6 5 4 3 2 1 A record of cataloging-in-publication data is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-8130-6068-2 The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for the State University System of Florida, comprising Florida A&M University, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida International University, Florida State University, New College of Florida, University of Central Florida, University of Florida, University of North Florida, University of South Florida, and University of West Florida. University Press of Florida 15 Northwest 15th Street Gainesville, FL 32611-2079 http://www.upf.com Contents List of Figures ix List of Tables xi Preface: On the Study of Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime Networks in Latin America and the Caribbean in the Twenty-First Century xiii Acknowledgments xix Introduction. Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime in Latin America and the Caribbean in the Twenty-First Century: Challenges to Democracy 1 Bruce M. Bagley Part I. U.S. Drug Policies at Home and Abroad 1. Coca, Cocaine, and Consumption: Trends and Antitrends 27 J. Bryan Page 2. Illegal Drugs as a National Security Threat: Securitization of Drugs in the U.S. Official Discourse 43 Yulia Vorobyeva 3. The War on Drugs and the Role of SOUTHCOM 67 Juan Gabriel Tokatlian 4. Mission Creep: The U.S. Military’s Counterdrug Role in the Americas 87 Adam Isacson 5. Security Challenges at the U.S.-Mexican Border: Understanding the Security Threats to State and Local Governments 109 Rocío A. Rivera Barradas 6. Drug-Control Policies in the United States: Patterns, Prevalence, and Problems of Drug Use in the United States 121 Bruce M. Bagley Part II. Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime: Country and Regional Analyses Colombia 7. Colombia and Its Wars against Drug Trafficking, 1970–2010 139 Elvira María Restrepo 8. Illicit Drugs in the Colombia-U.S. Relationship: Review and Prospects 161 Arlene B. Tickner and Carolina Cepeda 9. Escalating Heroin Consumption and the Spread of HIV in Colombia: An Emerging Public Health Threat 185 Clyde McCoy, Daniel H. Ciccarone, Zelde Espinel Ben-Amy, Jeanene McCoy Bengoa, Oscar Bernal, Duane C. McBride, and James M. Shultz Bolivia 10. Bolivian Drug Policy under the Morales Administration 203 Marten W. Brienen Peru 11. The Vicious Cycle: The Resurgence of Drug Production and Drug Trafficking in Peru 223 Marten W. Brienen and Jonathan D. Rosen Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean 12. In Search of the Mérida Initiative: From Antecedents to Practical Results 239 Alberto Lozano-Vázquez and Jorge Rebolledo Flores 13. Police Reform in Mexico: A Never-Ending Story 257 Sigrid Arzt 14. Democracy, Security, and Organized Crime in Central America 276 Francisco Rojas Aravena 15. Seeking Out the State: Organized Crime, Violence, and Statetropism in the Caribbean 293 Lilian Bobea Brazil 16. The Power of Organized Crime in Brazil: From Public and Social Challenges to the Effectiveness of Reforms 323 Marcelo Rocha e Silva Zorovich Argentina 17. Under (Loose) Control: Drug Trafficking in Argentina in Times of Paradigm Change 344 Khatchik DerGhougassian and Glen Evans Part III. Regional and International Drug-Control Policies 18. The Role of the Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission: Confronting the Problem of Illegal Drugs in the Americas 369 Betty Horwitz 19. The Strategies of the European Union against Drug Trafficking 395 Roberto Domínguez 20. Analytical Conclusions: The Search for Alternative Drug Policies in the Americas 412 Bruce M. Bagley and Jonathan D. Rosen List of Contributors 425 Index 431 Figures 1.1. Use of the word “cocaine” between 1800 and the present 36 7.1. Violence against judges, 1979–1998 141 15.1. Dominican Republic cocaine seizures, 2008–2013 297 17.1. Marijuana and cocaine seizures during implementation of GNA, PNA, and PSA procedures, 2009–2011 350 17.2. Marijuana seizures during implementation of GNA, PNA, and PSA procedures, 2009–2011 350 17.3. Cocaine seizures during implementation of GNA, PNA, and PSA procedures, 2008–2011 351

Description:

“A first-rate update on the state of the long-fought hemispheric ‘war on drugs.’ It is particularly timely, as the perception that the war is lost and needs to be changed has never been stronger in Latin and North America.”—Paul Gootenberg, author of Andean Cocaine: The Making of a Global