Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies (Volume 8) (Cancer Sensitizing Agents for Chemotherapy (Volume 8)) PDF
Preview Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies (Volume 8) (Cancer Sensitizing Agents for Chemotherapy (Volume 8))
Cancer Sensitizing Agents for Chemotherapy DRUG RESISTANCE IN COLORECTAL CANCER: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES VOLUME 8 Cancer Sensitizing Agents for Chemotherapy Series Series Editor: BenjaminBonavida, PhD Volume1: NitricOxide(Donor/Induced)inChemosensitization EditedbyBenjaminBonavida,PhD Volume2: RoleofNutraceuticalsinCancerChemosensitization EditedbyAlokChandraBhartiandBharatBhushanAggarwal Volume3: TargetingCellSurvivalPathwaystoEnhanceResponsetoChemotherapy EditedbyDanielM.Johnson,PhD Volume4: ProteinKinaseInhibitorsasSensitizingAgentsforChemotherapy EditedbyZhe-ShengChenandDong-HuaYang Volume5: BreakingTolerancetoPancreaticCancerUnresponsivenesstoChemotherapy EditedbyGanjiPurnachandraNagaraju,PhD,DSc Volume6: ImprovingtheTherapeuticRatioinHeadandNeckCancer EditedbyRandalJ.Kimple,MD,PhD Volume7: DrugEffluxPumpsinCancerResistancePathways:FromMolecularRecognitionand CharacterizationtoPossibleInhibitionStrategiesinChemotherapy EditedbyAlejandroSosnik,PhDandReinaBendayan,PharmD Volume8: DrugResistanceinColorectalCancer:MolecularMechanismsandTherapeuticStrategies EditedChiHinChoandTaoHu Volume9: NovelTherapiesinHeadandNeckCancer:BeyondtheHorizon EditedMaieA.St.JohnandNo-HeePark UpcomingVolumes: NewTargetingintheReversalofResistantGlioblastomas EditedbyAliS.Arbab TerpenoidsAsChemosensitizersAgainstDrug-resistantTumors EditedbyThomasEfferth AdvancingApproachestoOvercomingCancerDrugResistance EditedbyAndrewFreywaldandFrancoVizeacoumar TherapeuticStrategiestoOvercomeALKResistanceinCancer EditedbyLucFriboulet ReversalofGlioblastomaResistancetoChemotherapy EditedbyRamasamyPaulmuruganandTarikF.Massoud OvercomingOvarianCancerChemoresistance EditedbyGoliSamimiandChristinaAnnunziata EpigeneticRegulationinCancerChemotherapy EditedbyChunfuWuandLihuiWang Cancer Sensitizing Agents for Chemotherapy DRUG RESISTANCE IN COLORECTAL CANCER: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES VOLUME 8 Edited by C H C HI IN HO LaboratoryofMolecularPharmacology,SchoolofPharmacy,SouthwestMedical University,Luzhou,Sichuan,China T H AO U DepartmentofPharmaceuticalScience,SchoolofPharmacy,Universityof Maryland,Baltimore,MD,UnitedStates AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom 525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom ©2020ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingandusing anyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformationormethods theyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhavea professionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assumeanyliability foranyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,or fromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISSN:2468-3183 ISBN:978-0-12-819937-4 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:StacyMasucci SeniorAcquisitionsEditor:RafaelTeixeira EditorialProjectManager:SamanthaAllard ProductionProjectManager:PunithavathyGovindaradjane CoverDesigner:GregHarris TypesetbySPiGlobal,India Aims and Scope for Series “Cancer Sensitizing Agents for Chemotherapy” Current cancer management strategies The main objective of the proposed series fail to adequately treat malignancies with “Cancer Sensitizing Agents for Chemother- chemotherapy, with multivariable dose- apy”istopublishindividualizedandfocused restrictive factors such as systemic toxicity volumeswherebyeachvolumeiseditedbyan and multidrug resistance; hence, limiting invited expert Editor(s). Each volume will therapeuticbenefits,qualityoflife,andcom- dwell on specific chemo-sensitizing agents plete long-term remission rates. The resis- withsimilartargetingactivities.Thecombina- tance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs is tion treatment of the sensitizing agent with one of the major reasons for the failure of chemotherapy may result in a synergistic/ traditional cancer treatments. Cellular com- additive activity and the reversal of tumor ponents and dysregulation of signaling cellsresistancetodrugs. pathways contribute to drug resistance. If TheEditor(s)willcompilenonoverlapping modulated, such perturbations may restore review chapters on reported findings in thedrugresponseanditsefficacy.Therecent various cancers, both experimentally and understandingofthemolecularmechanisms clinically,withparticularemphasisonunder- and targets that are implicated for cancer lying biochemical, genetic, and molecular chemo-resistance has paved the way to de- mechanisms of the sensitizing agent and the velop a large battery of small molecules combinationtreatment. (sensitizing agents) that can target resistant ThescopeoftheSeriesistoprovidescien- factorsandreducethethresholdofresistance tistsandclinicianswithupdatedandclinical and, thus, allowing their combination with information that will be valuable in their chemotherapeutic drugs to be effective and quest to investigate, develop, and apply toreversethechemo-resistance.Alargevari- novelcombinationtherapiestoreversedrug etyofchemotherapy-sensitizingagentshave resistanceand,thereby,prolongsurvivaland been developed and several have been even cure in cancer patients. showntobeeffectiveinexperimentalmodels and incancer patients. Dr. Benjamin Bonavida, PhD (SeriesEditor) v About the Editors Chi Hin Cho Tao Hu Distinguished Professor at the Southwest Medi- Research Fellow at the University of Maryland, cal University and Emeritus Professor at The Baltimore, MD, United States ChineseUniversity of Hong Kong, China Doctor Tao Hu obtained his PhD from Professor Chi Hin Cho was the Chair The Chinese University of Hong Kong. His Professor in Pharmacology at the University research interests focus on the development of Hong Kong and also the President and of novel chemotherapeutic agents for the the Chair of Presidential Council of the treatment of colorectal cancer as well as on GastrointestinalPharmacologySectionofthe drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. He International Union of Basic and Clinical has published more than 20 peer-reviewed Pharmacology. His research interests focus papers in this field and served as editorial on drug development for inflammation and boardmemberorreviewerforanumberofin- cancers in the gastrointestinal tract. He is ternationaljournalsinpharmaceuticalscience. also the editorial board member and editor in more than 30 journals and books in the fieldsofGastroenterologyandPharmacology and also editor in different world-class pub- lishers, such as Elsevier, World Scientific, andKarger.Hehaspublishedmorethan450 peer-reviewedarticlesinhigh-ratedscientific journalsinpharmacologyandcancerbiology. xi About the Series Editor researchinvestigationshaverangedfromthe mechanisms of cell-mediated killing and sensitization of resistant tumor cells to chemo-/immunotherapies, characterization of resistant factors in cancer cells, cell- signaling pathways mediated by therapeutic anticancer antibodies, and characterization of a dysregulated NF-κB/Snail/YY1/RKIP/ PTENloopinmanycancersthatregulatecell survival, proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and resistance. He has also investigated the roleofnitricoxideincanceranditspotential antitumoractivity.Manyoftheabovestudies are centered on the clinical challenging fea- turesofcancerpatients’failuretorespondto Dr.BenjaminBonavida,PhD(SeriesEditor), both conventional and targeted therapies. is currently Distinguished Research Pro- The development and activity of various fessor at the University of California, Los chemosensitizing agents and their modes of Angeles (UCLA). His research career, action to reverse chemo- and immuno- thus far, has focused on basic immuno- resistance are highlighted in many refereed chemistry and cancer immunobiology. His publications. Acknowledgments: The editors wish to an undergraduate student at UCLA and is acknowledge the excellent editorial assis- knowledgeableinthecancerfield.Theeditors tance of Ms. Inesa Navasardyan who has also acknowledge the assistance of Rafael worked diligently in the completion of this Teixeira, Acquisitions Editor for Elsevier, volume, namely, in both the editing and and Samantha Allard, EditorialProjectMan- formatting of the various contributions of agerforElsevier,fortheircontinuouscooper- this volume. Ms. Navasardyan is currently ationduringthedevelopmentofthisbook. vii Aims and Scope of the Volume Colorectal cancer is the third most fre- resistance and to investigate their reversal quently diagnosed cancer and is also one of strategies,withtheaimtoimprovethether- the leading causes of cancer-related deaths apeuticoutcomeincolorectalcancerpatients worldwide. The overall survival of patients in clinics. To this end, this volume titled with advanced colorectal cancer has been DrugResistanceinColorectalCancer:Molecular improving over the past decades. However, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies pro- eventhoughtheresponseratetocurrentsys- vides readers with an in-depth knowledge temic chemotherapies can reach up to 50%, andquickreferencetothemolecularmecha- drugresistancehasbeenreportedtodevelop nisms conferring the development of drug innearlyallpatientswithcolorectalcancer.It resistance in colorectal cancer as well as the becomes the major problematic issue in the up-to-date therapeutic strategies for its clin- treatmentofthisdiseaseinthecurrentclini- ical treatment. Based on such knowledge, cal practice. the investigators would be able to advance Drugresistancelimitsthetherapeuticeffi- theirunderstandingofthemolecularunder- cacies of anticancer agents and finally leads lying mechanisms of both the pathogenesis to chemotherapy failure. In fact, most and progression of colorectal cancer; they cancer-related deaths are due to this failure wouldalsofurtheridentifynoveltherapeutic causedbydrugresistancethatoccursduring targetsandstrategiesforthepharmaceutical thecourseofcancerprogressionandchemo- industrytodevelopbettertherapeuticagents therapy. More efforts are needed to under- andtreatmentofpatientswithdrug-resistant stand the molecular mechanisms of drug colorectal cancer. ix Preface Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most been discussed in individual chapters. Also, frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and serrated lesions in the colon and various isamongtheleadingcausesofcancer-related cancer cell survival mechanisms including deaths [1]. Chemotherapyis oneof the main theRac1bareemphasized. Thoseareknown treatment options for CRC, in particular for tobethemostsignificantmechanismsassoci- thecanceratadvancedstage.Duetotheavail- atedwiththedevelopmentofdrugresistance abilityofvariouschemotherapyregimens,the in cancer cells. An understanding of such overall survival of patients with advanced molecular mechanisms would be helpful CRC has improved over the past decades. to identify novel therapeutic targets for However, even though the response rate to advanced CRC. In addition, this book also current systemic chemotherapies can reach highlights the therapeutic strategies of drug upto50%,drugresistancehasbeenreported resistance in CRC by targeting the above- to develop in nearly all CRC patients and mentioned mechanisms, including but not becomes a major obstacle to the successful limited to inhibitors of drug efflux trans- treatment in clinical practice [2]. Thus, more porters, hybrid modification of conventional effortsareneededtounderstandthemolecu- anticancerdrugs,chemicallymodifiedmicro- lar mechanisms of drug resistance in CRC RNAs, nanotechnology-based drug delivery and to investigate their reversal strategies, systems, and bioactive phytochemicals. The with an aim to improve the therapeutic potentialpredictivebiomarkersofdrugresis- outcomesintheclinics. tanceinCRCarealsocoveredinthisbook. Thisbookfeaturesaninternationalcollabo- Given the high incidence and mortality rationwithcontributorsfromNorthAmerica, of CRC in the clinics, the development of Asia, and Europe, who are investigating on chemotherapy-sensitizing agents and ap- the front lines of cancer drug resistance proachesishighlyneededinordertoimprove research, offering their expert opinions and thetherapeuticefficacyandalleviatesystemic sharing their rich experiences in this field. toxicities, leading to wellbeing and better Thebook,thus,providesanexcellentreference survivalforCRCpatients.Indeed,theclinical forreaderswithanoverviewofthemolecular applications of chemotherapy in treating mechanisms conferring drug resistance in drug-resistantCRCarechallenging,inpartic- CRC as well as the up-to-date therapeutic ular the combination of chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of this deadly agentswithchemotherapy-sensitizingagents disease in humans. The alterations and the or other approaches. The compilation of this involvement of drug efflux transporters, book greatly helps both scientists and cancer stem cells, microRNAs, and various clinicians to obtain a quick and in-depth typesofcelldeathsignalingpathwaysinthe understanding of the molecular mechanisms developmentofdrugresistanceinCRChave of drug resistance in CRC. Such knowledge xiii
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