Drug Resistance in Bacteria, Fungi, Malaria, and Cancer PDF
Preview Drug Resistance in Bacteria, Fungi, Malaria, and Cancer
Gunjan Arora · Andaleeb Sajid Vipin Chandra Kalia Editors Drug Resistance in Bacteria, Fungi, Malaria, and Cancer Drug Resistance in Bacteria, Fungi, Malaria, and Cancer Gunjan Arora (cid:129) Andaleeb Sajid (cid:129) Vipin Chandra Kalia Editors Drug Resistance in Bacteria, Fungi, Malaria, and Cancer Editors GunjanArora AndaleebSajid CSIR-InstituteofGenomics NationalInstituteofAllergyand andIntegrativeBiology InfectiousDiseases Delhi,India NationalInstitutesofHealth Bethesda,Maryland USA VipinChandraKalia CSIR-InstituteofGenomics andIntegrativeBiology Delhi,India ISBN978-3-319-48682-6 ISBN978-3-319-48683-3 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-48683-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017935491 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinor for anyerrors oromissionsthat may havebeenmade. Thepublisher remainsneutralwith regardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Dedicated to my Parents Preface Human beings interact with almost all kinds of living beings. The interaction is complexed by the influence of environmental factors. These interactions assume variousrelationshipsrangingfromsymbioticatoneendofthespectrumtopatho- genic/parasitic at the other end. Human body—cells, tissues, and organs—has a complete network of metabolic activities and systems, which are well organized. Humansystemsaretunedtorecognizeandsensealmostallkindsoflivinganddead molecules and organisms. Taking advantage of these human senses, vaccines are developedtoprotecthumansagainstpathogenicorganisms.Vaccinedevelopment being a very complex phenomenon has been pursued for a limited number of diseases. Interestingly, in spite of the presence of a mechanism to prevent entry of foreign entities, human bodies house a large number of microbes on the skin surface,withinthegutallthetimes.Athirdsetofmicrobesinfectthehumanbody andarelabeledaspathogenic.Here,bacteriastartmultiplyingatdifferentrates.The bacteria choose to either stay back and cause infectious diseases such as tubercu- losis—Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Burkholderia cepacia—or multiply rapidly and hurriedly leave the human body such as in the cases of diarrhea, cholera, and septicemia. However, in all cases, microbes cause enormous damage to human health. Discovery of antibiotics provided mankind withmuchneededrelieffromdiseases,whichhadbeenassumingepidemicdimen- sions.Incidentally,thisdiscoverycouldnotsustainforlongsincemicrobesstarted reactingtothisenvironmentalstress.Microbesdevelopedresistancetoantibiotics. This provoked scientists to discover newer antibiotics. This game of success and failurehasreachedavirtualdeadend.Fromsingleantibiotic-resistantmicrobes,we havenowseenmultipledrug-resistantandextremelydrug-resistantmicrobes.The pathogens have evolved resistance to almost all the antibiotics, which thus are provingineffective.Scientificmoraleisgoingdownaspharmaceuticalcompanies are not showing any interest in investing money in this area. Thus, the need is to look for novel drug targets and drugs. We have to develop innovative systems to beatmicrobialintelligence.Thequestionwhichisbeingraisedrepeatedlyis:Shall wemutelywitnessthisonslaughtorpreparenovelantibacterial? vii viii Preface Research for humanwelfareneeds astrongteamofdedicated scientific minds. Theyoungresearchersandbrilliantscientistscanmakeinnovativeandsignificant contributions. This book provides recent developments in the area of Drug Resis- tance, which can provide leads to the young ignited minds and enable them to translatethemintonoveldrugsforthebenefitsofthesociety.Inthisbook,scientists withextremelystrongacademicknowledgeandpracticalexperiencehaveagreedto sharetheirrecentresearchworks.Thisbookisacompilationoftheresearchworks ofdedicatedteamsofscientificworkerswhoarecommittedtohumanwelfare.Iam sincerelyhumbledbythecontributionsmadebyeachoftherespectedauthors.Iam reallythankfultothemfortheirefforts.Wordsarenotsufficientenoughtotrulyand adequately acknowledge the worthiness of their efforts. My true inspirations to write this book were bestowed on me by the constant faith and support of my mother (Late Mrs. Kanta Kalia), who passed away, during the preparation of this book;myfather(Mr.R.B.Kalia);Amita(wife),SunitaandSangeeta(sisters);Ravi, Vinod,andSatyendra(brothers);DakshandBhrigu(sons),myteachers,especially Dr. A.P. Joshi; and my friends Rup, Hemant, Yogendra, Rakesh, Atya, Jyoti, Malabika,Neeru,andRitusree.Imustalsoacknowledgethesupportofmyyoung friends Asha, Sadhana, Sanjay, Mamtesh, Subhasree, Shikha, Jyotsana, Ravi, Priyanka,andRahul. Delhi,India VipinChandraKalia Contents EmergingThemesinDrugResistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 GunjanArora,AnkurKulshreshtha,KritiArora,PuneetTalwar,RishiRaj, GurpreetGrewal,AndaleebSajid,andRitushreeKukreti MolecularMechanismofDrugResistance:CommonThemes. . . . . . . . 25 C.M.SantoshKumar MolecularMechanismofDrugResistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 ShilpaRay,SusmitaDas,andMrutyunjaySuar FunctionalRolesofHighlyConservedAminoAcidSequenceMotifs AandCinSoluteTransportersoftheMajorFacilitatorSuperfamily. . . . 111 PrathushaKakarla,RanjanaKC,UginaShrestha,IndrikaRanaweera, MunMunMukherjee,T.MarkWillmon,AlbertoJ.Hernandez, SharlaR.Barr,andManuelF.Varela HowPathogensSurviveDrugPressure?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 BrijendraKumarTiwari,GunjanKak,DeepikaSharma, andKrishnamurthyNatarajan FunctionalDiversityandApplicationsofMobileGroupIIIntrons. . . . 161 BhagwanRekadwad,JuanM.Gonzalez,andChandrahasyaN.Khobragade BacterialResistanceAgainstAntibiotics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 AnilKumarandNikitaChordia Drug-ResistantTuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 LiliLiang,YunMa,Xinliu,andYaminLv EmergenceofDrugResistanceinMycobacteriumandOtherBacterial Pathogens:ThePosttranslationalModificationPerspective. . . . . . . . . . 209 ManuKandpal,SuruchiAggarwal,ShilpaJamwal,andAmitKumarYadav ix x Contents ImplicationsofChromosomalMutationsforMycobacterialDrug Resistance. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. 233 GailE.LouwandSamanthaL.Sampson GlycogenasKeyEnergyStorehouseandPossiblyResponsible forMultidrugResistanceinMycobacteriumtuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . 263 AnilKumarGupta,AmitSingh,andSarmanSingh RoleofExternalandEnvironmentalFactorsinDrugResistance Emergence:GutMicrobiota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 DanielRyan,SangeetaJaiswal,andMrutyunjaySuar Efflux-MediatedDrugResistanceinStaphylococcusaureus. . . . . . . . . . 307 NitinPalKalia TacklingtheAntibioticResistance:The“Gut”Feeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 RichaMisra,RichaVirmani,DarshanDhakan,andAbhijitMaji InSilicoAnalyticalToolsforPhylogeneticandFunctionalBacterial Genomics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 VipinChandraKalia,RaviKumar,andShikhaKoul ExploitingBacterialGenomestoDevelopBiomarkers forIdentification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 RaviKumar,ShikhaKoul,andVipinChandraKalia CurrentAntifungalTherapyandDrugResistanceMechanisms inDermatophytes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 PawanKumar,ChitraLatka,andBhupeshTaneja HumanFungalPathogensandDrugResistanceAgainstAzole Drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 PreetidaJ.Bhetariya,NehaSharma,PragatiSingh,PriyankaTripathi, SantoshK.Upadhyay,andPoonamGautam DrugResistanceinMalaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 SantoshC.M.Kumar DrugResistanceinCancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 SantoshK.Upadhyay,RameshC.Rai,RekhaGehtori,AshutoshPaliwal, PoonamGautam,andPennyJoshi BCL-2ProteinsandtheirRoleinCancerResistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 HamidaThakurandAbidR.Mattoo PerturbedSignalingandRoleofPosttranslationalModifications inCancerDrugResistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 SuruchiAggarwal,ManuKandpal,ShailendraAsthana, andAmitKumarYadav Contents xi OvarianCancerandResistancetoTherapies:ClinicalandLaboratory Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 RiyazBasha,ZainabMohiuddin,AbdulRahim,andSarfrazAhmad InitiativesAcrossCountriestoReduceAntibioticUtilisation andResistancePatterns:ImpactandImplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 BrianGodman,JosephFadare,DanKibuule,LynaIrawati, MwanganaMubita,OlayinkaOgunleye,MargaretOluka,BeneD.Anand Paramadhas,JulianadeOliveiraCosta,L´ıviaLovatoPiresdeLemos, AugustoAfonsoGuerraJu´nior,AlianA.Alrasheedy, MohamedAzmiHassali,FahadSaleem,ThuHuong,andIlseTruter InSilicoApproachesTowardCombatingAntibioticResistance. . . . . . . 577 RahulShubhraMandalandSantasabujDas SyntheticSolutionstoDrugResistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 GunjanArora,RichaMisra,andAndaleebSajid FutureofDrugDiscovery. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . 609 AhmedKamal,ShaliniNekkanti,NagulaShankaraiah,andMandaSathish
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