Drug Induced and Iatrogenic Lung Disease (Hodder Arnold Publication)

361 Pages·2010·11.13 MB·English

by  Philippe Camus

Drug-induced and Iatrogenic
Respiratory Disease
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Drug-induced and Iatrogenic
Respiratory Disease
Philippe Camus, MD
Professor of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pulmonary
and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital du Bocage and
Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
Edward C Rosenow III, MD, MS, MACP,
Master FCCP
Emeritus Professor of Medicine
Former Chair Division of Pulmonary and
Critical Care Medicine
Mayo Distinguished Clinician,
Mayo Clinic School of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
First published in Great Britain in 2010 by
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omissions that may be made. In particular (but without limiting the
generality of the preceding disclaimer), every effort has been made to
check drug dosages; however, it is still possible that errors have been
missed. Furthermore, dosage schedules are constantly being revised and
new side-effects recognized. For these reasons the reader is strongly
urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions before
administering any of the drugs recommended in this book.
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ISBN-13 978-0-340-80973-0
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In respectful and loving memory of my parents, Janine and Bernard Camus.
To Clio, my affectionate and deep appreciation.
To Romain, Guigone and Augustin Camus.
To the respected physicians who shaped my interest in pulmonary medicine: Drs Julius H Comroe Jr, Robert J Fraser and JA Peter Paré,
Peter T Macklem, Jere Mead, Max F Perutz and John B West. And particularly to Jacques Chrétien, Thomas V Colby, Jean-Philippe Derenne,
Marc Desmeules and Harihara M Mehendale. And many others I can’t name.
A great tribute goes to Dr Edward C Rosenow III, grand, inspiring academic and connoisseur, who pioneered and paved the way towards
an understanding of drug-induced lung disease.
Philippe Camus
I want to dedicate this book to the many, many physicians who reported in the peer-reviewed literature the thousands of cases of drug-
induced lung injury and disease. Without them we wouldn’t have had the data to compile the material for this book. I also thank Dr Camus,
whose energy and dedication made it all happen. His www.pneumotox.com website is a great asset to the many of us who need a quick
resource to check the possibility of a drug-induced lung disease. I am grateful to him for his support; it has been great to work with him,
even though we are 4,000 miles apart!
Edward C Rosenow III
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Contents
Colour plates appear between pages 180 and 181
Preface ix
List of contributors xi
PART 1 GENERAL
1 Classification, diagnosis and management of drug-induced respiratory disease 3
Philippe Camus, with the input and support of Edward C Rosenow III
2 Mechanisms of chemically induced respiratory toxicities 12
Poh-Gek Forkert
3 Imaging of drug-induced lung disease 24
Thomas E Hartman
4 Bronchoalveolar lavage in drug-induced lung disease 32
Francesco Bonella, Esra Uzaslan, Josune Guzman and Ulrich Costabel
5 Pathology of drug-induced respiratory disease 43
William D Travis and Douglas B Flieder
6 Drug allergy in lung disease 52
Amitava Ganguli and Munir Pirmohamed
PART 2 DRUG-INDUCED RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
7 Drug-induced acute upper airway obstruction 65
Michael Lippmann and Ganesan Murali
8 Drug-induced bronchospasm 76
K Suresh Babu and Jaymin Morjaria
9 Drug-induced pulmonary oedema and acute respiratory distress syndrome 93
Teofilo Lee-Chiong JR and Richard A Matthay
10 Pulmonary complications of blood transfusion 101
Patricia M Kopko and Mark A Popovsky
11 Drug-induced alveolar haemorrhage 108
Abigail R Lara and Marvin I Schwarz
12 Pulmonary complications of illicit drug use 113
Deepa Lazarus and Anne O'Donnell
13 Iatrogenic tracheobronchial and chest injury 119
Marios Froudarakis, Demosthenes Makris and Demosthenes Bouros
PART 3 ONCOLOGY AND ALLIED CONDITIONS
14 Pulmonary reactions to chemotherapeutic agents: the ‘chemotherapy lung’ 133
Fabien Maldonado and Andrew H Limper
15 Pulmonary reactions to novel chemotherapeutic agents and biomolecules 146
Albert J Polito
viii Contents
16 Radiation-induced lung disease 161
Max M Weder and M Patricia Rivera
17 Pulmonary complications of bone-marrow and stem-cell transplantation 172
Bekele Afessa, Andrew D Badley and Steve G Peters
18 Pulmonary complications of solid-organ transplantation 192
Robert M Kotloff
19 Pulmonary infection induced by drugs 207
Marc B Feinstein and Dorothy A White
20 Therapy-induced neoplasms 218
Lois B Travis and Noreen Aziz
PART 4 NON-ONCOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
21 Pneumonitis induced by non-cytotoxic agents 229
Umair A Gauhar and J Allen D Cooper JR
22 Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity 240
Philippe Camus, Thomas V Colby and Edward C Rosenow III
23 Eosinophilic pneumonia induced by drugs 260
James N Allen
24 Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia induced by drugs or radiotherapy 268
Gary R Epler
25 Coughing induced by drugs 280
Alyn H Morice and Hosnieh Fathi
26 Pleural disease induced by drugs 284
Steven A Sahn
27 Lupus erythematosus syndrome induced by drugs 297
Robert L Rubin
28 Vasculitis induced by drugs 308
Michiel De Vries, Marjolein Drent and Jan-Wil Cohen Tervaert
29 Pulmonary hypertension induced by drugs and toxins 318
Kim Bouillon, Yola Moride, Lucien Abenhaim and Marc Humbert
30 Respiratory involvement from herbals 333
Tracey K Riley, Kahoko Taki and Christopher P Holstege
Index 337
Preface
Cherchez le médicament! thickening, anti-TNF and opportunistic infection), suggesting
Searché le drug! a common pharmacological and/or cytopathic mechanism.
This is not just a matter of curiosity or any compulsive need
to pigeon-hole this group of conditions. First, the incidence of
Recognizing and managing drug-induced respiratory disease DIRD, although wide-ranging, may be as high as 50 per cent in
(DIRD) is a real challenge to pulmonologists, critical-care some oncology settings. Second, the clinical and imaging
medicine specialists, haematologists, oncologists, cardiologists, manifestations of most drug-induced respiratory diseases will
allergists, rheumatologists, neurologists, pathologists and remit following drug discontinuance, leaving no residuum.
primary-care physicians. Indeed, the family physician may be This represents a simple and often robust test to assess drug
the first to see the patient with an adverse reaction to drugs, causality. Third, acute drug-induced interstitial lung disease
but may be suboptimally knowledgeable about this possibility. (ILD), pulmonary oedema/haemorrhage, acute upper airway
It is therefore necessary to disseminate knowledge about DIRD obstruction, bron chospasm, anaphylaxis or pleural effusion can
in most disciplines, with the objective of ensuring timely diagnosis cause severe life-threatening or fatal respiratory compromise,
and early drug stoppage should DIRD supervene. sometimes within minutes. This commands emergency
Communication between disciplines is also of primary management, early recognition of the drug aetiology, reliable
importance. For instance, pathologists should know about the identification of the culprit drug, and definitive drug removal.
drugs the patient is taking, since some medications can produce Fourth, some drugs produce a systemic reaction such as
a distinctive lung pathology, and the information may not be lupus erythematosus, vasculitis (Wegener or Churg–Strauss),
made available to them at the time of biopsy. Similarly, roent- polymyositis, or the drug rash and eosinophilia with systemic
genologists should be informed of the drugs patients are being symptoms (DRESS), with lung and other deep-seated organ
exposed to, as the radiographic characteristics of DIRD may involvement. If the drug aetiology is not recognized, patients
at times enable a prompt and reliable identification of the drug run the risk of developing irreversible organ damage or
aetiology. DIRD is an important topic for the patient as well, undergoing unnecessary, costly and/or invasive tests, while
who must be educated and cognizant of the possible adverse drug discontinuation would act as an efficient diagnostic test,
effects of the drug he or she is taking, in order to warn us in abbreviating disease duration to the benefit of the patient.
due time should unexplained respiratory symptoms develop. Not to be forgotten, DIRD remains a disease of exclusion,
Concerted efforts should concentrate on diagnosing DIRD as in that other probable or possible causes have to be scrupulously
early and reliably as possible. ruled out. In the majority of patients, the causal drug cannot
The evidence base for recognition, diagnosis and management be diagnosed by any specific test, except with dechallenge and
of many drug-induced respiratory diseases is now strong. re-challenge, and the latter is potentially hazardous. Adding to
More than 430 drugs are known to cause respiratory injury the difficulty, some underlying diseases for which pulmotoxic
(a rise from about 250 ten years ago), and the number is still drugs are exactly given can also involve the lung in a manner
increasing. similar to drugs.
Drugs can cause major adverse respiratory reactions, Traditional agents known to cause lung injury in the 1950s
depending on the target organ in the respiratory system (lung, and 1960s were ionizing radiations, gold salts, nitrofurantoin
airways, pulmonary circulation, pleura, mediastinum, lymph and chemotherapy agents. The latter can produce the ill-fated
nodes, muscle and nerves, haemoglobin), causing entirely ‘chemotherapy lung’, which remains a bête-noire among DIRD.
different clinical patterns. There are several discrete subgroups Afterwards, many more drugs were shown to cause similar lung,
under each pattern, each corresponding to a distinct clinico- airway and pleural injury, regardless of the route by which
pathologic picture. Drug reactions can be a perfect mimic of they were administered – including oral, inhaled, intravenous,
naturally occurring respiratory diseases clinically, pathologically intramuscular, ophthalmic, hepatic arterial, pleural, vaginal and
and on imaging. Drugs can cause one or more patterns of topical (in the form of ointments, or in the urinary bladder).
involvement with, inexplicably, little overlap between each High drug dosage, prolonged versus episodic treatment, and
other or in any one patient. Drugs within a pharm acological combinations of chemo agents with radiation therapy and/
class may cause the same adverse effect (e.g. (cid:2)-blockers or or oxygen were shown to be more deleterious than each agent
NSAIDs and bronchospasm, ergots and pleural effusion or taken in isolation, or a combination of drugs could recall