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WATER RESOURCE PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT D W RINKING ATER Q C , D UALITY ONTROL ISTRIBUTION S T YSTEMS AND REATMENT No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. W R P , ATER ESOURCE LANNING D M EVELOPMENT AND ANAGEMENT Additional books and e-books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the Series tab. WATER RESOURCE PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT D W RINKING ATER Q C , D UALITY ONTROL ISTRIBUTION S T YSTEMS AND REATMENT CÉCILE MARCIL EDITOR Copyright © 2020 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. We have partnered with Copyright Clearance Center to make it easy for you to obtain permissions to reuse content from this publication. Simply navigate to this publication’s page on Nova’s website and locate the “Get Permission” button below the title description. This button is linked directly to the title’s permission page on copyright.com. Alternatively, you can visit copyright.com and search by title, ISBN, or ISSN. 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In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS. Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Title: Drinking water : quality control, distribution systems and treatment. Description: New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2020. | Series: Water resource planning, development and management | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: "Drinking Water: Quality Control, Distribution Systems and Treatment focuses on some of the technologies involved in water treatment processes, such as adsorption, co-precipitation, flocculation, and coagulation. The authors emphasize the newest easy processes, inadequacies, and prospects of drinking water treatment. In one study, a simple effective intervention for biochanin A in influent water using ZSM-5, a nano-porous crystalline zeolite, is described. In closing, a Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain isolated from an Indian drinking water system was evaluated for its ability to co-aggregate and form mixed biofilms with Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli O57:H7"-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2020022911 (print) | LCCN 2020022912 (ebook) | ISBN 9781536180701 (paperback) | ISBN 9781536180718 (adobe pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Water-supply engineering | Water--Distribution. | Water quality management. | Drinking water. Classification: LCC TD345 .D75 2020 (print) | LCC TD345 (ebook) | DDC 628.1/62--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020022911 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020022912 Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York CONTENTS Preface vii Chapter 1 New Generation Materials for the Adsorption of Toxic Metal Ion from Drinking Water 1 Rekha Sharma, Sapna and Dinesh Kumar Chapter 2 Water Treatment Methods for Detoxification of Metal Ions: State-of-the-Art, Future Scenario and Challenges 37 Kritika S. Sharma, Rekha Sharma and Dinesh Kumar Chapter 3 A Rapid, Nanoporous Zeolite Based Approach for Removal of Biochanin A in Potable Water Destined for Distribution 63 Pawandeep Singh, Vivek Sharma and Moushumi Ghosh vi Contents Chapter 4 The Role of Sphingomonas paucimobilis in Intergeneric Co-Aggregation and Mixed Biofilm Formation with Water Borne Pathogenic Bacteria in the Distributed Drinking Water System: Implications of Public Health Risk 83 Parul Gulati and Moushumi Ghosh Index 109 PREFACE Drinking Water: Quality Control, Distribution Systems and Treatment focuses on some of the technologies involved in water treatment processes, such as adsorption, co-precipitation, flocculation, and coagulation. The authors emphasize the newest easy processes, inadequacies, and prospects of drinking water treatment. In one study, a simple effective intervention for biochanin A in influent water using ZSM-5, a nano-porous crystalline zeolite, is described. In closing, a Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain isolated from an Indian drinking water system was evaluated for its ability to co-aggregate and form mixed biofilms with Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli O57:H7. (Imprint: Nova) Chapter 1 - Nowadays, heavy metal ion pollution in water has gained considerable attention from many research groups across the world. These are highly carcinogenic even at comparatively low concentrations because of their tendency toward bioaccumulation and non-biodegradable nature. Thus, water contamination has also increased public concern. Although, various methods are being used to treat the water and waste water, which are fast and cost-effective. In this continuation, effective water treatment methods have been manufacturing; intense research has been carried out, those having an insignificant effect on the environment and the minimum use of chemicals at a lower cost. The three primary factors have been utilized for the implementation and development of water treatment technologies, viii Cécile Marcil i.e., the proclamation of new water quality standards, cost efficiency, and the discovery of new rarer contaminants. Previously, the only treatment processes that have been virtually utilized in municipal water treatment are granular media filtration, chlorination, and chemical clarification. Though, in water treatment processes, a dramatic change has been seen in consideration of alternative treatment technologies to the traditional chlorination/filtration purification method from the past 20 years. This chapter categorizes and focuses on some of these technologies such as adsorption, co-precipitation, flocculation, and coagulation at substantial scale water treatment. This chapter will focus on adsorption technologies to treat water and wastewater. Chapter 2 - Approximately two million people die annually because of contaminated drinking water and unsafe sanitation practices. The generation of heavy metal ions is one of the prominent causes of water pollution. Heavy metals such as lead, mercury, chromium, and arsenic exist naturally, but anthropogenic activities cause contamination in water. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that approximately 1 billion people across the world don’t have an approach to clean drinking water. This count is presumed to eventually increase with increasing population i.e., 7.7 billion (2019) from 7.5 billion (2018), energy requirement and climate change. There are many commercially available methods to detoxify water from heavy metals, while they are liable to rejection because of: less efficient, expensive, generate hazardous toxic waste and energy-consuming. This chapter will explore some advanced treatment methods, which are in use like metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), UV irradiation, etc. Some traditional techniques are still in use like adsorption, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and so on. Although they serve the purpose, either cannot address these problems quickly, economically, long-term stability or high performance despite development on the technical side. The challenge is to provide solutions which are a universal or single solution, inexpensive, has ease of implementation, cent percent eﬃciency, and domestic use. The functional integration of diﬀerent technologies or treatments may solve the current water hazards. Impending water shortage will lead to detoxifying the water, which is now considered undrinkable. This chapter will emphasize the