DREPANOSTACHYUM FALCATUM VAR. SENGTEEANUM: IDENTITY AND ORIGINS (POACEAE: BAMBUSOIDEAE)

2006·4.2 MB·Dutch

by  C M A Stapleton

DREPANOSTACHYUM FALCATUM SENGTEEANUM:
VAR.
AND
BAMBUSOIDEAE)
IDENTITY ORIGINS (POACEAE:
C.MA.Stapleton
Kew
Royal Botanic Gardens,
Richmond, Surrey
TW9
UK
3AB.
chris_stapleton@oneteLcom
ABSTRACT
Drepanostachyu m falcatum var. sengleeanum Stapleton, a variety of bamboo thought to have originated from the
Himalayas and cuhivated ui the west for over a century is discussed. The apphcation and the typification of the
name under which was once grovvn, A rundi riu/tWcafa var. glomerata Gamble, are considered, along with the
ntJ
It
application of the name Arundinariajalcata Nees, Arundinariajakata v2Lr.gJomeraia is lectotypified in accor-
m
name synonymy Drepanostachyum
dance with the protologue and current use of the India, placing in of
it
own
mcomplete
Jalcatum (Nees) Keng for which an epitype is designated to support its lectotype.
f.,
RHSUMEN
bambu
DrcixinostiichyumfalcuLum sengteeanum Stapleton, una variedad de que se piensa que se
Se discute var.
origino en el Himalaya y se ha cuhivado en el oeste durante mas de un siglo. Se consideran la aplicacion y la
tipificacion del nombre bajo el que fue cuhivado, Aruudinoria falcata v^r. glome rata Gamble, junto con la
d
nombre A AruiuUnar\aJalcalay^T.glomeraiadG^.QUGrdo con
aplicacion del runtii?it?rit(/a a Nees. Setipifica
/cti!
U m
nombre en colocandolo en sinonmiia de Drq;an(?5(ach}^iu?i/cHa:[i u (^
protologo uso actual del India,
y la
el
Keng para que designa un epitipo para apoyar su lectotipo incompleto.
se
el
f.,
A bamboo with prominent and distinctive ring of hairs around the culm sheath base
a
Kew
and on the young culm nodes was in cultivation at around 1900, without any record
/'
NW
/^
A
m bamboo
genus Drepanostachyu Keng with very similar char-
curently placed in the
f
.
m
and has been widely
acteristics started to flower in California 1994, its seed distrib-
under names.
uted, different
HimalayacalamusfalconerU graceful Califor-
h identified as this
initially
bamboo was Drepanostachyum glomeralum based on D.
nian later distributed as Hort.,
and Drcpa?iastaLhyumsengteea?iumHort. provi^
gZomeratum, then
/(^Icatum var. as It IS
somewhat hardier than other bamboos in the genus Drepanostachyum, and is thus of
all
considerable horticultural merit. has recently been described as D. Jalcatum var.
It
nomenclatural treatment required the
sengteeanum (Stapleton 2006), but a detailed is for
um
application of names, D./(3 /caf and D./a!catum var. gfomert^f u/71, to both wild and cul-
tivated plants.
Drepanostachyum falcatum
When made by
describing Arunclinaria falcata, Nees (1834) cited ^Nepalia' collections
NW
I<
tradictory, no Royle collection from Nepal is extant, and it is actually quite unlikely that
Royle or his collectors ever entered Nepal, as they concentrated their collecting activities
1081- 1086.2006
SIDA22(2):
1082
BRIT.ORG/SIDA
22(2)
to the north and west of their base in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh (Edmondson^
pers.
conim.). The Himalayan passes further to the east were httle-known, except to some 17th
Century Jesuits, because of the 'jealous policies^ of Chmese and Nepalese powers (Royle
1839).
For
identification of species of Drepcm()s;dc"fi_)^um,culm sheath characters
are
criti-
culm mare
cal, but the sheaths of D./alcatu not w^ell represented in the original material
m
at K, nor in the Roylean Herbarium (LIV). One small, glabrous culm sheath present
is
Munro Gamble
the Icctotype. Tewari and Negi and Naitham
(1868), (1896), (1993) (1994)
culm
all record the sheath of D.Jalcatum as glabrous, reflecting the characteristics of
a
number made
large of later collections, from Himachal Pradesh Nepal, with which
to
mother
the lectotype collections agree characters. Drcpcinostflchyum/ci/c'^fum in the wild
bamboo
cleady interpreted as a with glabrous culm sheaths (which actually have
is sparse,
when
inconspicuous, white hairs young).
Plants of Drcpanostachyumjalcatum introduced into western cultivation on
differ-
culm
ent occasions also have essentially glabrous sheaths. Stapf (1904) was the
first to
They
identify these plants correctly were Europe Bamhusa
initially cultivated in S as
&
C
name
while was
gracilis A. Riviere, the A.Jalcata misapplied the hardier species
to
now known
A
Hz (Munro) Kengf.d<nown
as ma?d3^t?a] /amus/67!coneri then as ruiidinarici
nohi lisMitford. Stapf (1904) concluded that early introductions probably came from Nami
Tal or Mussoori in Uttar Pradesh around 1840.
Thc name
consensus
is clear that the A.Jalcata applies to a species found in the
Himalayas from Himachal Pradesh to Kathmandu, and also found in cultivation in Eu-
known
where was Bamhusa
rope, it as gracilis. This species has almost completely gla-
brous culm sheaths, although the culm nodes may have
initially sparse, short hairs be-
A
specimen from Pradesh
low. Uttar selected here as epitype, support the incomplete
is to
Royle lectotype by indicating culm sheath
characteristics.
/<
was
distinguished on ba
e initially solely the
/<
m
sis of agglomeration of 3-4 spikelets close racemes or panicles. This followed an ear-
(Munro unnamed
identical distinction 1868) between two developmental forms
lier, of
and h Munro
A.Jalcata, listed as var. a var. clearly explained that these forms merely rep-
He
resented diiterent stages of inflorescence development. observed that as the season
advances branch compound
proliferation leads to rather than paniculate forms, with
racemes 3-4
shorter of spikelets (var. h), totally unlike those seen earlier on younger shoots
He
December
(var. cited a collection, Waliich 5035 (K-W), from Chisapong, near
a).
Kathmandu,
Nepal
as representative of the later developmental form,
var. h.
not whether Gamble Munros
It is clear (1896) followed interpretation of the devel-
opmental
nature of this distinction. Gamble's brief description repeated that of Munro
m
He
for var. indicated a plate caption that illustrations of gJonierata were from
h. var.
made
collections by Bagshawe in 1879. This action w^as interpreted by Chao and Renvoize
(1989) as designation of a type for A.Jalcata var. gJomcrata Gamble, and they cited a
m
K
Bagshawe made
collection at as holotypc, albeit a collection 1878 not 1879. They
synonymy
var.glomcrata
listed in of Sinarundinariajalcaia,
Tewari (1993) subsequently gave the variety full recognition, providing a detailed
description attributed to Pandey ined. This, however, differed from that of the type
little
Culm
variety. sheath hairs were not mentioned at The description of the culm sheaths
all.
STAPLETON, DREPANOSTACHYUM FALCATUM VAR, SENGTEEANUM: IDENTITY AND ORIGINS 1083
as shining below probably meant having a glossy adaxial, internal surface, rather than
being basally glabrous, but there was certainly no mention of any prominent basal ring
Kumar
and Chandra and Seethalakshmi and merely
Naithani (1998) (1998) in-
of hairs.
synonymy
Drepanostachyumjalcatwn.
cluded
in of
It
bamboo
The name AJalcata glomerata has thus been applied to two taxa, one a
var.
of unknown origin cultivated at Kew, the other an Indian bamboo from the borders of
Himachal and Uttar Pradesh. The principal diagnostic character of the cultivated plants
culm and culm
a prominent ring of hairs around the base of the sheath the node. This
is
not seen convincingly in any of the collections of wild material. Other characteristics
is
of the cultivated plants include long sparse hairs on only one side of the base of the leaf
midrib rather than both densely scabrous lemmas and paleas, and pubes-
(costa) sides,
cence only at the tips of rhachilla segments. These characteristics are also not present in
the wild material, which therefore cannot be considered the same taxon as the cultivated
plants.
Typification of glomerata
var.
K
from Gamble's
Original material consists of three differently labelled collections at
herbarium, annotated by him as Arundinaria jalcaia var. glomerata. To complicate
all
matters, as usually the case with older bamboo collections including both fertile and
is
and
material, these collections represent at least two, possibly three different spe-
sterile
with mixed collections mounted together on the same sheets.
cies,
was
Only one from Jaunsar Bawa, Bagshaw^e in 1879, literally cited in
collection,
s.n.
culm
the protologue. The culm nodes and persistent portions of the sheath bases are al-
most
completely glabrous.
A
specimen by Gamble,
second, different collection includes the actually illustrated
annotated
and therefore, can be construed as part of the protologue. This sheet, as
this,
As by
type by Chao, simply labelled 'Comm. Brandis, Jaunsar'. 'specimens' collected
is
Bagshawe' was the citation this could be a further Bagshawe 1879 collection, sent by
Brandis. clearly mixed, with old, unidentifiable flowers of a Dreipanostachyum spe-
is
It
probably Himalayacalamusfalconeri, with
cies as well as leaves of a different species,
on some
smooth culms, entire leaf sheath ligules and distinguishable tessellation of veins
of the leaves, which are broader, glabrous, and less cuneate than those of Djalcatum.
Gamble from two His drawings remain attached
dissected spikelets these collections.
remaining
the Bagshawe 1879 collection, with the recognisable spikelets he illustrated
to
when
in capsules on the two sheets. These drawings were reproduced describing his var.
glomerata, but interestingly were used for the plate of the type variety not that of var.
glomerata, suggesting that Gamble himself actually had scant regard for any difference
between two
the varieties.
from
The third collection from Gamble's herbarium annotated as var. glomerata, also
Jaunsar Bawa, but in 1878, Bagshawe 6608. This was cited as holotype of AJalcata var.
is
glomerata by Chao and Renvoize and annotated as type by Renvoize. again
(1989), is It
culm
some below
has no culm sheaths, but like the second collection, has short hairs the
node.
was
To summarise ^specimens collected by C. Bagshawe, in 1879' the citation in the
....
A A mixed by
thus second, collection, sent Brandis,
protologue. collection labelled at K.
is
was actually illustrated in the protologue, and annotated as type by Chao, while a third
was
collection, Bagshawe 6608 in 1878, a date that conflicts with the protologue, cited as
1084
BRIT.ORG/SIDA
22(2)
'holotypc^ by Chao and Rcnvoizc The com-
(1989). collection cited in the protologuc has
culm
pletely glabrous nodes, while the other two collections have though very
distinct,
below
short, hairs the nodes.
seems more
It appropriate for the collection bearing the details cited in the protologue
to be taken as holotype, rather than the collection stated as 'holotype' by Chao and
Renvoize Although was
(1989). that collection part of the original material as was nei-
it
ther cited nor illustrated in the protologuc, their citation ol as holotype cannot be con-
it
an
sidered acceptable
lectotypification.
The
designation here as Icctotype of the only sheet actually labelled Bagshawc,
Jaunsar Bawa, 1879, in accordance with both the protologue, and with current
is applica-
name
As
tion of the in India (Tcwari 1993). the collection actually
illustrated in the
protologuc is recognisable, and citation of Bagshawe, 1879 was merely indicating (possi-
which was
bly incorrectly) collection illustrated, there would appear be elements
to tw^o
to consider as syntypes.
name
The
D.jalcatum var.glomcnitum Gamble misleading, and seems merely
is to
represent a later stage of inflorescence development, as Munro originally intended
(1868).
There indeed no
separate variety of D.jalcatum with agglomerated might
is spikelets. be
It
considered more Gamble
appropriate have
for to followed the typification of Munro's ear-
unnamed
lier variety. However, WaUich 5035 one of the worst bamboo specimens ever
is
preserved in a herbarium, being so decrepit that has practically no
spikelets
it left at all.
h
1
and
(1993) lectotypificd here according to the protologue, differs little at all from the
if
The
type variety precise origin of this type not known, but probably from same
is it is tlie
Culm
district as the epitype of D.Jakatiim designated sheaths known,
here, arc not but
basal portions remaining attached to the culm nodes of the Icctotype are completely gla-
brous.
Drepanoslachyuin falcatum Keng Bamboo
(Nces)
f J. Res. 2:16. 1983. INDIA: 'NAV India;
TviMi.s:
.,
Royh' (i.ncTOTvrr: K, selected in Chao and Renvoize 1989), INDIA, UiTAR Praohsu; Chakrata, Sep 1898,
Gaiubic 27256 (epitype designated
here: K)-
Aiundh}iiyiafalLata Nces, Liiniaea 18H,
9:-i78.
Chimo}]o]}amhusafahdtd (Necs) Nakai m. J. Arnold Arbor. 6:151, 1925.
Fdr^csia jdlaitii (Nees) T.R Yi, Tl. Xizangica 5:33. 1987.
Kew
Sn}iirun(U}Uindfalca(a(Nee^)C.S.C]rAo6^
Renvoize,
Bull. 44:357, 1989.
k- r
Nguyen
rh'iohldstusfalcatns (.Nees) To Quyen, Zhurn.
Bot. 75:225. 1990.
BdmhusdgraciUs
A. 6? C. Riviere, Bull. Soc. Acclim. scr. 5:682. 1878.
3,
Drcpano^^tachyumjalcdlum Keng
(Necs) Gamble, Ann.
f. vav.gJoiucratd Bot. Card. Caleutta 7:13. 1896; emend.
Pandey D.N.Tewari, Monogr. Bamboo 84. 1993. lAin:: INDIA. D T TAR Praofisi Jaunsar Bawa, 1879Jkigshdwc
I:
&
s.n, U i:rT0TVlT designated here, K, superseding previous citation of type Chao Renvoize, Kew
Bull.
l:)y
44:358.1989,
Further collectioiis. INDIA. Uttar Pradesh: Jaunsar Aug 1878, Bagshdwe 6608(K); Jaunsar Comm. Brdndis
a
sji.
(flowers) only b excluded
(leaves)
(K),
Drepanosiachyum
falcatum senQieeanum and bamboos
var. other similar
/'
m
Kew
plants once cultivated and currently USA,
at in horticultural use the neces-
it is
sary to consider other possible names.
Arundinaria intcrrupta Trin. from Nepal has variable development white
of hght,
m
m
hairs on the culm nodes, noted the description. Culm sheaths are not present the
STAPLETON,DREPANOSTACHYUMFALCATUMVAR.SENGTEEANUM: IDENTITY AND ORIGINS 1085
type, but recent collections from Nepal from a similar location have, in addition to simi^
white hairs on the culm nodes, the distinctive sparse white hairs on most of the culm
lar
/'
/'
The
and this character was also given in Tewari (L993) for the type variety possibility of
was
Arundinaria interrupta Trin. representing a separate species raised (Stapleton 1994),
synonym
but the new collections suggest that should remain a of D.falcatum.
it
Other bamboos with hairs at the base of the culm sheath have been collected else-
m
culm
where Himalayas. Himalayacalamusjimhriatus Sidphton also has sheaths
the
much
with a basal ring of hairs and a fimbriate ligule, but the larger stature, the larger
leaves, as well as the asymmetry of the culm sheath with its broader ligule and less sca-
Drepanostachyum annulatum Stapleton from Bhutan
brous interior distinguish clearly
it
culm
also has a ring of hairs at the base of the sheath, but the hairs are darker, longer,
brown culm
more and narrower That having dark
upright in a ring. species also differs in
culm which
sheath hairs, especially on the distal third of the sheath, also bears erect,
when up
basally scabrous oral setae young, as well as darker brown, longer cilia of to
1.5mm on the edges. also has well-developed leaf sheath auricles, and thicker culm wax.
It
In addition the ligules are neither as delicate nor as laciniate, and the culm sheath is less
pubescent on the inside the base of the ligule and below Although shares the pos-
at it. it
session of basal ring of culm sheath hairs with Kjimhriatus and D. annulatum, the
a
bamboo currently cultivated in the US, recently described as D.Jalcatwn var sengteeauum
much
(Stapleton 2006) clearly closer to the type of D.falcatum.
is
The 2-3 flowered florets and the densely pubescent culm sheath interior apex of var
bamboo
indisputably
sengteeanum are sufficient to place this cultivated in
culm
Drepanostachyum. The absence of oral setae and the distribution of hairs on the
from previously described Following
sheaths are sufficient to separate clearly all taxa.
it
current taxonomic concepts in bamboos, culm sheath pubescence and presence of oral
important and consistent specific characters. They are usually supported by
setae are
and
minor while sheath blade characters are
differences in spikelet or floret detail, leaf
m
more However, Drepanostachyum more variety seen within spe-
inherently variable. is
cies than in most other bamboo genera, and was felt inappropriate to describe this taxon
it
new unknown. The and
as a species, especially as its origin remains florets spikelets of D.
and
/akYitum var sengteeanum more scabrous than those of the type variety the palea
are
The segments longer and have rather different apical
rhachilla are slightly
less bifid.
is
0.25mm
while
pubescence: the beard mainly restricted to the distal of the rhachilla, in
is
1mm
The
Djalcatum becomes more puberulent.
progressively
the type of the distal
lemma and palea more densely scabrous than any other material of D.falcatum from
are
the Western Himalayas, and approach the state seen in other species from the Eastern
Himalayas, suggesting a Nepalese or Sikkimese origin.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
whose honor
The author would hke to express his deep gratitude to Seng-Tee Lee, in the
Bamboo
variety Djalcalum var sengteeanum was named, for funding the Sino-Himalayan
HSO Kew from 1994 2000. LIV thanked loan of Royle
post at for six years to Staff at are for
Gib Cooper thanked sending material from Oregon. The Ameri-
specimens. for initially
is
can Bamboo Society thanked supporting travel to lecture and collect cultivated mate-
for
is
in California. Reviewers are thanked for helpful comments on the manuscript.
rial
1086
BRIT.ORG/SIDA
22(2)
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