Drawing the Human Body An Anatomical Guide

147 Pages·2001·19.35 MB·English

by  Giovanni Civardi

Drawing
the ae
Human Body ™

Giovanni Civardi
In declicating this hoo, I wish
to expres my gratitude to Professor Gottfried Barmes
(Ondinarius em. Fur Kurstleranatomie.

Hockschule fur Bitdende Kunste, Dresden)

For honoring me swith his friendship and for expressing freely
his honest and considered opinions on the significence of anatomy
in the aut studio and i, dve formmativa of the astist

sleted by Rosa Jacore

1 graphics by Grazia Cortese
‘All drawings ay Giovanni Civardi
Photocomesiticns and lithographs
by Jo-lype-Pero (Milan)

Photographs and drawings ate te result of the collaboration of
professional models and artsts. Reproduction of text and images,
turder any form or for any use, is proh bie

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available

wos76sa

Published by Sterling Publishing Co. Inc.
1387 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 1€016

English translation © 2001 by Steling Publishing Co, Ine.

‘Onginally pablished as Morfolegia Estomna de! Corpo Uninc

Gna Gunda Anatomica per Disegnare Corrttaments la Figare
16°1999 11 Castes sr, Milan,

Distrbuted in Canada by Sterling Publishing

xem Manda Group, One Atianic Avene, Suite 108
‘Toronto. Onvario, Crnads M6K 3E7

(oiserbused In Great Britain by Chrysalis Books Group PLC

“The Chrysalis Building. Gramicy Road. Lordon W19 6SP. England
DDistbuted in Australia ty Capricom Link (Australia) Ply Lid.
PO. Bor 7D4, Wiacsor, NSW 2796 Australia

Printed n China

AI righis reserve

Sterling ISBN 0-8069-5801-X
Prefuce 7

Structure of the Male
‘and Female Body &

The Head 20

The Trunk 38

‘The Upper Limbs 94

The Lover Limbs 128

Appendices 154

Index 168

Contents

External Morphology
Notes on, O=te0logy

‘Notes on Acthrology

Nates on Myaleey

Morphclogea! Differences by Gender
Focial Expression and Displey of Ertion
Museular Mechanism end Expression

exeral Noo
Morphelog cal Differences by Gender
Nate on Osteoiegy
Notes or rthclogy
Notes on Mya
Morphology ofthe Neck
Mercy oe Son
lorphcogy of tke ATED
Merphelogy ofthe hres
Morpheogy ofthe Femals Breasts
Morphelogy ofthe Abdarnon and Side
Morphclogy ofthe Exerral Genitals
Morphology ofthe Butocks
Morphilogy of te Buck

Exteraal Morphology
Notes on Osteology

‘Notes o« Arthrclogy

Notes on Myotegy
Morphelogy ofthe Arm
Morphology ofthe Fitcw
Morphclogy ofthe Forsarm,
Morphology of the Wrist
Morphology ofthe Hand

External Moiphotogy
Notes on Osteolegy

Notes on Arthrelogy

Notes on Myaleey
Morphology of the ihigh
Morphology ofthe Knee:
Morphology of the Lower Leg
Morplrology ofthe Ankle
Morphology ofthe Foct

Elements ofthe Face
Functional Movement Characteristics ofthe Vertebral Column
[Notes of the Static and Dynamie of she Human Rely
Preface

The dificult is not 10 make a work ofr: but to enable onesolfto do so—Constantin Brarcusi

“The study of the aman bocy, whether with the inlen' of rendenng i er cto or scalpel recognition,
an be approcledchroghs variety f insruct onal newhocs These tera however, 10 follow two base fan-
mena paths,

“The fit, defincble 3 “perceptive” (gestal, comes fren comprehensive observation, atanton, ero
tional impact ard a sharing of the subject 2s a whole. reresening “what is sea” The ote, definbie 2s
eoastrive” plaoes the maj: erpbass oa the more aol aspect ct perception to eflstsly represent

‘what known aout he subject

Defined ir such brit suramary, thes: two mitheds obvictsy appear confined to dirnctriclly opposing
paths. The is of study ae, however su'T cen compize eopeeptanly sat, eomrecty tar wea the
‘yo atts often iterate and srengtben themselves reciprocally Metute and auntie arts tend wo apy
thera ie ur appropriate manacr wt an almost sae int

Movdcin schools ofthe at uf dias, wilh a ditne:prfercece fx he fist process (whith wt ce
tainly provides sudents wits more iramedine gatifcaien), do net ovetlonk nco"pratng the secon ove
teeditonal “academe” Gin the best sign cance ofthe term} eto, Frovedng 0k orly Set ales OF stereo
|ypes but 2 foundation forthe undersanding ef mnatriy—as integral fec‘ate” of ie human boy. Dalsetic
perience inthis Feld, however, susgests to ea diferent combination ofthe two prozedures Remember,
ven if gained ony frory obseraion. proces snatorie infrmation i inispeneable Torte sli prepara
tion of an ertist who i interested nthe human body. strives for wider aecerance, and desires compre
bend fly and ogectively what hr 0° she wants to exyeese, heer widey figurative ce inthe ama

Maybe. esnecialy in these yeas of eufural and bilegical conf sion, dhe ounes a ison eatin wie
regard othe human body (socalled “post orzure” in-rpretaor, bone srl, preabosis, xewte rariou.
Inter, surgical eaten, antvopomarrh zed anima’, computer consruction of vista realty, et). Yet,
theres desir “Yo hrc” and nol rein i ignorance: the ab ity to chaose-accept or refuse: and ater
based cn haoslecge, tery, creat, and autonems,

Funler,to compkert moze disney du parallel pa inthis way docs rot mae it sur, om the con=
weary, & becomes even stonger. This fact wae afired to me recently ith the happy aancuncerer,
"Bveryone sere what they hae Heard tose”

This isthe conviction that has guided my Lf voek ar, in particule, tis prevent bock, in which Lanne
trod to fosus ihe ais’ ancrt.on onthe exterior form ofthe tody and reveal, arheugh symtietaly the
Underlying atztcricsratae that detennines Be vise fx,

"This work ie based on twp preceding bok patlished in Kalan, To'be completely one, wit regard 10
the comgrapty Toren, the vue dnaramia seating i ve sloiesly Paced at ele athe tt
tional concep oF anstoyy. Fall description of te exeral agpscs ofthe corporal regions and tartar,
lawever, ce reproduced # dis Deck. Tis book & further liegtele. and womphod lum Sets
Anatomaa Arista, a book of shiches aublished sepanchy Seis ("Sketches") cenains wor fedepth
trates formation (bone-jomt myotozy) not included hice i faver of eruch now fermalien oF mbee
inerest he ern ate

Here, the skechss are itertwired with enateny nets as a gue for attentive observation bythe artist.
and by the mere, cures, of tie external morphology of the human bedy in teenie) each oils regions
fine by one. and ts varias indtidealaspec's Above ll tis volume coneitules cn nition to observe
fap research, tough the close sidy af wing medels, the Pharctersice of xy feem a nator
reali desig,

in tshnisal notes lading te he razon of bok
Troquoced a fom yous tne fe exer tower igen on i sne> the drvings ate aloe al taken
divs from actual dls pesing The few excepons ta cause mic toconsa pho'egraghi decument-
ten wee duet sich concesas ie ucertan postr ofa sabjetandthenecess tok" Ostet Wan
Soy nus motions.

Thstead of exrssney erring the form prof cdc it sig rr astra eos ine
car it aye. The rethod ihnats the mods ta wa that produces hae efficient dlicets intr
‘sing det andi hurony wih fhe rent to sivalie the tangs a recreate in Ht exit ih
the model in ‘Restrain, nseac of simpy obserana a dese.

Foch dawing win executed on sl, wine, 4-4y-€0 cenimee Biol bord using pens Uf a=
‘ous trngih.

Girncanad Choad?
Miler Seperber 1998
Structure of the Male
and Female Body
(sketches 1-2)

For tre study of secure anc Form {morpactogy) and
for the purpese ef namical descrption, tz ham
body in observed in ts ost naturel ae! chasers,
ret postion wih the upper joints hang ag setehed
alengSide he eso, Jw up ancl owas ever jas
evened ued clave tower, This se cal de
“anatomical postion” ic which feferencss are made
‘shen deserbing the body's posioning and is spasal

Inhis postion the body presents tthe server an
anti face (Sketch a). posteri: face (I>) ane a
‘Side view, o profile (Le) To stad the human body nis
fnlirty it mus be observed st sifcient distance (at
Teast to yards) for a vow cerprehensive encugh %0
‘gather together tae general characte of tae stuc-
tue, & example. Ue relaionig Leaween body pus,
sexual diferences, muscular ane skelete ferme

andthe distribute of faty sembranos (pam cul)
(Otservatior of te frontal (or the back) view evels the
ssymmeny ofthe body 1a respest wm the median saglnal
‘nea shows the ansverslaliganeat ef the sole
‘ere io the pevis, the relstonshp Between chet od
Abderer, and ie acs ofthe lower joints. Lateral obset~
‘aien allows vsualzton of the corporal axis Cxich
socmally exteads Inerlly Gum the euler ext 2 dhe
fanklsvte}. Talo seveals the eateior profile of the
torso, the curvature of the ncekand back a3 well fatty
and muscular cerssiensies oF the abdomen, Duce,

a
‘The rnuscles deteresine the eomprchenive form of
the hur body, the slat (which coastiutes th fae
damert stele) on which they are mss ano the
fatty parniculs. Tre tank (oe axis the prineple part
(of te body. consis of en upper rounded portion (he
head), a smaller, somewhat cylindrical middle portion
‘ee neck), and 2 extensive loner potion ina flatened
Cylirdrcal form (tke trunk of torso), Two appendages
are comected fo the upper par ofthe “unk, the upper
ln Te appendages as one steve
‘ofthe wen. the kw limbs, which extend Pom the boi-
tor of he trun othe foot

A pmctcalpreportenalsscessment the human body
{see page 12) generally requires a comparison of width
and eng, choosing one unt of he toy for example,
the heal) as a uit of msosur, which will abo relic
‘bone ane muscle pons ef re‘oence on tke made. Ihe
‘eight ofthe head coreesperds te the dstarce fem the
top ofthe eravum to the base of the chin
"The naturel nlc incestes that che tosl height of
‘the body equals shout seven anda half heeds. The neck
land the ret ofthe trunk measure in length aboet three
‘head, the maximarscstance tetween the two Ptr
na witht
tn length of
the upp limbs ie equal ta shve heads, ad the length
‘ofthe Hover Tims equals the and aha Heads. Val of|
‘the body's Height shuld be atte puke evel.
Urhaberree lion geschatztes Mad tal
relative proposicnal reluicathp of the fer
body is comreuhet diffrent ‘han that of the male with
regi othe charscterses athe ruseles an
bones. ard the prong Paty issue in the ro sexes
The incst elevert mowphotogial diferences, be-
‘oven the wale bedy (sketch 1: 26-yearole model, 6D
riches tall) and the femals body (sketch 2: 2h-yeareld
‘model, 64 teh tall) tat have inieres or Ce asta
“secondary” divisers, ‘These prevaealy rege.
‘ecouotive apparatus (ie skeleton in patelar) abd ti
‘tegment appara. In ft the mo}oe pat of te 207
poral difeemces between man and wowan can De
Droweat bac to two “unlarvetal facts: |) te afferent
reprcucive compositions (he woman’ pelvis larger
fd shorer aad the marmary glands we very devel:
ped): and 2) the diferent Sms of sexaal maturation
(development rote rapid inthe feral and deter-
mt cr slivnaies rel eng nh

Inthe first approximation, tie mos evant corporal
ferences are a follows

Man: Tends to have an clongaied head, alongs fice, a
Nanter terse; his bunks sherter in sespest

neha & longer hemeris and te

length of the in, and suaihtcr and longer psi
Hair 2 disriboted on the fas, toro, ond freamms:
pubic hat extends nea the av

Woman: Tends to have # rove rounded bead shorter
face, more profound ora, ‘ltvaly long tank. in ela
sion to stare, lately dborter humerus and femur,
rrajor development of subsutanecus ft (east, Dat
fcks ind ys) Tanger hain heel tm anna
doa body: padic har deh ted borizonally. The pshisis
tort ard wider than the shoulders. Inclination ofthe
20 of he upper and lower limbs is mre sccenustet
The nib cages more curved inthe upper par ofthe kcrso
f
|.
ui

ich geschotztes Matterlal
i
i
t
5
: