Draft AC 150/5320-5D, Airport Drainage Design, May 2013 - FAA

475 Pages·2013·24.17 MB·English

Advisory

U.S. Department
of Transportation Circular
Federal Aviation
Administration
Subject: Airport Drainage Design Date: Draft AC No: 150/5320-5D
Initiated by: AAS-100 Change:
1. Purpose. This Advisory Circular (AC) provides guidance for engineers, airport
managers, and the public about the design and construction of airport surface storm drainage
systems; and subsurface drainage systems for paved runways, taxiways, and aprons.
2. Cancellation. This AC cancels AC 150/5320-5C, Surface Drainage Design, dated
Septemper 29, 2006.
3. Application. The guidelines and recommendations contained in this AC are
recommended by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for the design and construction of
airport surface and subsurface drainage systems. This AC offers general guidance for these
systems and is not binding or regulatory.
4. Department of Defense Unified Facilities Criteria. This AC was developed in
collaboration with the Department of Defense (DOD) and incorporates the pending DOD Unified
Facilities Criteria (UFC) draft document, Surface Drainage Design, dated August 1, 2006. This
AC includes additional guidance not included in the DOD document.
5. Purpose of this Revision. This revision includes the information below and does not
alter the original draft DOD document.
a. Wildlife Hazard Attractants and Mitigation: Throughout the planning, design,
construction, and maintenance of airport surface storm drainage and subsurface drainage systems
the engineer must emphasize and address the elimination and/or mitigation of drainage features
in the project(s) that could attract hazardous wildlife on and/or around an airport. The engineer
should refer to the following documents and sites for guidance on wildlife hazards at airports for
all drainage projects:
(1) FAA AC 150/5200-33, Hazardous Wildlife Attractants on or Near Airports,
contains guidance on certain land uses that have the potential to attract hazardous wildlife on or
near airports. The AC is available at: http://www.faa.gov/airports/resources/advisory_circulars/.
(2) Wildlife Hazard Management at Airports, A Manual for Airport Personnel, is
available at: http://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/wildlife/problem/media/2005_FAA_
Manual_complete.pdf.
(3) Additonal information on wildlife issues can be found on the FAA Guidance
on Wildlife website at: http://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/wildlife/guidance/.
DRAFT AC 150/5320-5D 5/13/2013
b. Appendix F, Waiver Processing Procedures for FAA (FAA Order 5300.1F,
Modifications to Agency Airport Design, Construction, and Equipment Standards.
Procedures for requests and processing of modifications to FAA standards are detailed in FAA
Order 5300.1, Modifications to Agency Airport Design, Construction, and Equipment Standards.
The current FAA Order is available at the following website: http://www.faa.gov/airports/
resources/publications/orders/media/construction_5300_1f.pdf.
c. The design and location of all drainage structures and/or features must comply with
all airport design surface requirements per AC 150/5300-13, Airport Design. AC 150/5300-13
also provides general guidance on drainage considerations. Title 14 CFR part 139 restricts the
height of a structure located in a safety area to 3 inches or less above grade.

Michael J. O’Donnell
Director of Airport Safety and Standards
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UFC Draft AC 150/5320-5D
8/1/2006 Draft

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

SURFACE DRAINAGE DESIGN

U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Aviation Administration

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

1
UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

1
SURFACE DRAINAGE DESIGN
P

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.
Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the
copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (Preparing Activity)

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location

_____________
1This UFC supersedes TM 5-820-1/AFM 88-5, Chap 1, dated August 1987; TM 5-820-
P P
2/AFM 88-5, Chap 2, dated March 1979; TM 5-820-3/AFM 88-5, Chap 3, dated June
1991; TM 5-820-4/AFM 88-5, Chap 4, dated October 1983; TM 5-852-7/AFM 88-19,
Chap 7, dated April 1981; NAVFAC DM 21.06, dated April 1986; EI 02C202, dated
October 1995.

The format of this document does not conform to UFC 1-300-01.

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FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by Military Standard (MIL-STD) 3007
and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization
criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the Department of
Defense (DOD) Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May
U U
2002. UFC will be used for all DOD projects and work for other customers where appropriate.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to
users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for military
construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities
Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Headquarters Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency
(HQ AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense agencies should
contact the preparing service for document interpretation and improvements. Technical content
of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DOD working group. Recommended changes with
supporting rationale should be sent to the respective service proponent office by the following
electronic form: Criteria Change Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet
U U
site listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the following
sources:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site DOD page: (http://dod.wbdg.org/)
U U

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current
electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

AUTHORIZED BY:

______________________________________ _____________________________________
DONALD L. BASHAM, P.E. Dr. JAMES W. WRIGHT, P.E.
Chief, Engineering and Construction Chief Engineer
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Naval Facilities Engineering Command

______________________________________ _____________________________________
KATHLEEN I. FERGUSON, P.E. Dr. GET W. MOY, P.E.
The Deputy Civil Engineer Director, Installations Requirements and
DCS/Installations & Logistics Management
Department of the Air Force Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of
Defense (Installations and Environment)

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UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)
NEW DOCUMENT SUMMARY SHEET

Document: UFC 3-230-01/AC 150/5320-5C

Description: UFC 3-230-01/AC 150/5320-5C provides comprehensive and practical
guidance to the Tri-service community and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for the
design of storm drainage systems associated with transportation facilities. Criteria are
provided for the design of storm drainage systems which collect, convey, and discharge
stormwater on and around pavements and other transportation facilities.

Reasons for Document:
 Previous criteria associated with this topic were outdated and did not take
advantage of recent developments in the field of hydrologic engineering.
 Multiple documents covering various topics on the subject matter were in
circulation and this document provides a consolidated and comprehensive
guide for all users.
 Many new environmental practices have been developed and were not
addressed in previous criteria.
 User feedback indicated that published criteria from multiple documents
was often confusing and contradicting.

Impact: There are negligible cost impacts; however, these benefits should be realized:
 Providing one location for criteria associated with storm drainage will allow
users to be more efficient and effective when applying the procedures and
principles contained in this document.
 The updated criteria in this document are considered standard practice
and will allow users to take advantage of concepts and methods which are
widely understood and accepted throughout the industry today.

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CONTENTS

Page
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 1
1-1 PURPOSE. ......................................................................................... 1
1-2 SCOPE. .............................................................................................. 1
1-3 REFERENCES. .................................................................................. 1
1-4 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT. ............................................................. 1
1-5 APPLICABILITY.................................................................................. 1
1-5.1 Previous Standards. ......................................................................... 1
1-5.2 Applicability Within DOD. .................................................................. 1
1-5.3 Design Objectives ............................................................................. 1
1-5.4 Waivers to Criteria. ........................................................................... 2
1-6 GENERAL INVESTIGATIONS. .......................................................... 2
1-7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS. ........................................... 2
1-7.1 National Environmental Policy. ......................................................... 2
1-7.2 Federal Guidelines. .......................................................................... 3
1-7.3 Regulatory Considerations. .............................................................. 3
1-7.4 Federal Regulations. ........................................................................ 3
1-7.5 State Regulations. ............................................................................ 5
1-7.6 Local Laws........................................................................................ 7
1-7.7 U.S. Army Environmental Quality Program. ..................................... 7
1-7.8 U.S. Air Force Environmental Quality Program. ............................... 8
1-7.9 U.S. Navy Environmental Quality Program. ...................................... 8
1-7.10 FAA Environmental Handbook. ........................................................ 8
1-7.11 Environmental Impact Analysis. ........................................................ 8
1-7.12 Environmental Effects of Surface Drainage Systems. ...................... 8
1-7.13 Discharge Permits. ........................................................................... 9
1-7.14 Effects of Drainage Facilities on Fish. .............................................. 9
CHAPTER 2 SURFACE HYDROLOGY ..................................................................... 10
2-1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE. ................................................................. 10
2-2 HYDROLOGIC CRITERIA. ............................................................... 10
2-2.1 Design Objectives. .......................................................................... 10
2-2.2 Degree of Drainage Required. ........................................................ 10
2-2.3 Surface Runoff from Design Storm. ................................................ 10
2-2.4 Design Storm Frequency ................................................................ 10
2-2.5 Surface Runoff from Storms Exceeding Design Storm. .................. 11
2-2.6 Reliability of Operation. .................................................................. 11
2-2.7 Environmental Impact. .................................................................... 12
2-2.8 Maintenance. .................................................................................. 12

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2-2.9 Future Expansion. .......................................................................... 12
2-3 Hydrologic Methods and Procedures. ............................................... 12
2-3.1 Rainfall (Precipitation). ................................................................... 12
2-3.2 Determination of Peak Flow Rates. ................................................ 15
2-3.3 USGS Regression Equations. ........................................................ 25
2-3.4 SCS TR-55 Peak Flow Method. ...................................................... 28
2-4 Development of Design Hydrographs. .............................................. 32
2-4.1 SCS Tabular Hydrograph. .............................................................. 33
2-4.2 SCS Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (UH). ............................................ 37
CHAPTER 3 PAVEMENT SURFACE DRAINAGE ..................................................... 41
3-1 OVERVIEW. ..................................................................................... 41
3-2 DESIGN FREQUENCY AND SPREAD. ........................................... 41
3-2.1 Selection of Design Frequency and Design Spread ....................... 41
3-2.2 Selection of Check Storm and Spread ............................................ 42
3-3 SURFACE DRAINAGE. .................................................................... 42
3-3.1 Longitudinal Slope. ......................................................................... 42
3-3.2 Cross (Transverse) Slope. .............................................................. 43
3-3.3 Curbs and Gutters. ......................................................................... 44
3-3.4 Roadside and Median Channels..................................................... 45
3-4 FLOW IN GUTTERS. ........................................................................ 45
3-4.1 Capacity Relationship ..................................................................... 46
3-4.2 Conventional Curb and Gutter Sections. ........................................ 47
3-4.3 Shallow Swale Sections ................................................................. 54
3-4.4 Flow in Sag Vertical Curves............................................................ 61
3-4.5 Gutter Flow Time. ........................................................................... 61
3-5 Drainage Inlet Design. ...................................................................... 63
3-5.1 Inlet Types. ..................................................................................... 63
3-5.2 Characteristics and Uses of Inlets .................................................. 65
3-5.3 Inlet Capacity. ................................................................................. 65
3-5.4 Interception Capacity of Inlets on Grade. ....................................... 73
3-5.5 Interception Capacity of Inlets in Sag Locations. ............................ 87
3-5.6 Inlet Locations. ............................................................................... 96
3-5.7 Median, Embankment, and Bridge Inlets. ..................................... 104
3-6 Grate Type Selection Considerations. ............................................ 113
CHAPTER 4 CULVERT DESIGN ............................................................................. 115
4-1 PURPOSE. ..................................................................................... 115
4-2 FISH PASSAGE CONSIDERATIONS. ........................................... 117
4-2.1 General. ........................................................................................ 117
4-2.2 High Inverts. ................................................................................. 117
4-2.3 High Velocities in Culverts. ........................................................... 117
4-2.4 Undersized or Failed Culverts. ..................................................... 117
4-2.5 Erosion Along Drainageways or at Outlets. .................................. 118

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4-2.6 Channel Filling. ............................................................................. 118
4-2.7 Culvert Installation. ....................................................................... 118
4-2.8 Control of Icing. ............................................................................ 118
4-3 DESIGN STORM ............................................................................ 118
4-4 DESIGN. ......................................................................................... 118
4-4.1 Hydraulic Design Data for Culverts ............................................... 119
4-4.2 Headwalls and Endwalls ............................................................... 153
4-4.3 Erosion Control at Outlets. ........................................................... 163
4-4.4 Vehicular Safety and Hydraulically Efficient Drainage Practice .... 176
4-5 OUTLET PROTECTION DESIGN EXAMPLES .............................. 177
CHAPTER 5 CHANNEL DESIGN ............................................................................ 187
5-1 Open Channel Flow. ....................................................................... 187
5-1.1 Flow Resistance. .......................................................................... 187
5-1.2 Stable Channel Design. ................................................................ 193
5-2 Design Parameters. ........................................................................ 198
5-2.1 Discharge Frequency. .................................................................. 198
5-2.2 Channel Geometry. ...................................................................... 198
5-2.3 Channel Slope. ............................................................................. 198
5-2.4 Freeboard. .................................................................................... 198
5-2.5 Shear Stress. ................................................................................ 200
CHAPTER 6 STORM DRAIN DESIGN .................................................................... 203
6-1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE. ............................................................... 203
6-2 DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM. ........... 203
6-2.1 Grading. ........................................................................................ 203
6-2.2 Classification of Storm Drains....................................................... 203
6-2.3 Hydraulics of Storm Drainage Systems. ....................................... 204
6-2.4 Design Guidelines and Considerations. ........................................ 214
6-3 Preliminary Design Procedure. ....................................................... 217
6-3.1 Step 1. .......................................................................................... 217
6-3.2 Step 2. .......................................................................................... 222
6-3.3 Step 3. .......................................................................................... 222
6-3.4 Step 4. .......................................................................................... 222
6-3.5 Step 5. .......................................................................................... 223
6-3.6 Step 6. .......................................................................................... 223
6-4 Energy Grade Line Evaluation Procedure. ..................................... 223
CHAPTER 7 DRAINAGE STRUCTURES ................................................................ 232
7-1 General. .......................................................................................... 232
7-2 Inlets. .............................................................................................. 232
7-2.1 Configuration. ............................................................................... 232
7-2.2 Area Inlets. ................................................................................... 233

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7-3 Manholes. ....................................................................................... 236
7-3.1 Configuration. ............................................................................... 236
7-3.2 Chamber and Access Shaft. ......................................................... 237
7-3.3 Frames and Covers. ..................................................................... 237
7-3.4 Channels and Benches. ............................................................... 241
7-3.5 Manhole Depth. ............................................................................ 241
7-3.6 Location and Spacing. .................................................................. 242
7-3.7 Settlement of Manholes. ............................................................... 242
7-4 Junction Chambers. ........................................................................ 243
7-5 Miscellaneous Structures ................................................................ 243
7-5.1 Chutes. ......................................................................................... 243
7-5.2 Security Fencing. .......................................................................... 243
7-5.3 Fuel/Water Separators. ................................................................ 246
7-5.4 Outlet Energy Dissipators. ............................................................ 246
7-5.5 Drop Structures and Check Dams. ............................................... 248
7-5.6 Transitions. ................................................................................... 248
7-5.7 Flow Splitters. ............................................................................... 248
7-5.8 Siphons. ....................................................................................... 249
7-5.9 Flap Gates. ................................................................................... 250
7-6 Design Features ............................................................................. 251
7-6.1 Grates. .......................................................................................... 251
7-6.2 Ladders. ....................................................................................... 252
7-6.3 Steps. ........................................................................................... 255
7-7 Special Design Considerations for Airfields .................................... 255
7-7.1 Overview. ..................................................................................... 255
7-7.2 Recommended Design Parameters .............................................. 255
CHAPTER 8 STORM WATER CONTROL FACILITIES ........................................... 258
8-1 GENERAL. ..................................................................................... 258
8-1.1 Storage and Detention/Retention Benefits. .................................. 258
8-1.2 Design Objectives ......................................................................... 259
8-2 Issues Related to Storm Water Quantity Control Facilities. ............ 259
8-2.1 Release Timing. ............................................................................ 259
8-2.2 Safety ........................................................................................... 260
8-2.3 Maintenance. ................................................................................ 261
8-3 Storage Facility Types. ................................................................... 261
8-3.1 Detention Facilities ....................................................................... 262
8-3.2 Retention Facilities ....................................................................... 263
8-3.3 Wet Pond Facilities ....................................................................... 263
8-3.4 Infiltration Facilities ....................................................................... 264
CHAPTER 9 PIPE SELECTON, BEDDING AND BACKFILL ................................... 265
9-1 General. .......................................................................................... 265
9-1.1 Pipe Selection ............................................................................... 265

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