Dr. Angela Brodie and Aromatase Inhibitors

45 Pages·2012·2.58 MB·English

MedicineBulletin
Fall 2012 • Volume 97 • Number 2
Dr. Angela Brodie
and Aromatase
Inhibitors
The Discovery
That Keeps
on Giving
Bulletin Editorial Board
Joseph S. McLaughlin, ’56 MedicineBulletin
Chairman
Roy Bands, ’84
Tamara Burgunder, ’00
Frank M. Calia, MD, MACP University of Maryland Medical Alumni Association & School of Medicine features
Brian DeFilippis
Neda Frayha, ’06
Nelson H. Goldberg, ’73
Camille Hammond, ’01
Harry C. Knipp, ’76
Aromatase Inhibitors
Morton D. Kramer, ’55
Morton M. Krieger, ’52 The Discovery That Keeps on Giving 8
Brett Levinson, ’02
Jennifer Litchman Angela H. Brodie, PhD, is credited with creating a new
Philip Mackowiak, ’70
class of drugs to treat breast cancer. Most recently the
Janet O’Mahony, ’91
Stanford Malinow, ’68 professor of pharmacology has been collaborating with
Gary D. Plotnick, ’66 colleagues at Maryland to determine if a similar strat-
Larry Pitrof egy might be developed for the treatment of prostate
Maurice N. Reid, ’99
cancer.
Ernesto Rivera, ’66
Larry Roberts (Cover photo by Richard Lippenholz)
Jerome Ross, ’60
Luette S. Semmes, ’84 The MAA Honor Roll of Donors 16
James Swyers
It is a pleasure to proudly recognize gifts received by
Medical Alumni Association
Board of Directors 8 the Medical Alumni Association from the prior fiscal
year. In this issue we thank donors whose gifts were
Nelson H. Goldberg, ’73
President received between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2012. In-
Protagoras N. Cutchis, ’83 cluded is the John Beale Davidge Alliance, the school’s
President-Elect society for major donors.
George M. Boyer, ’83
Vice President Alumnus Profile: George C. Peck, ’53 32
Alan R. Malouf, ’85
Treasurer Physician and Trailblazer
Elizabeth L. Tso, ’79
Secretary It was student research conducted alongside the late
Frank Figge, MD, at Maryland that inspired George C.
Neda Frayha, ’06
Camille Hammond, ’01 Peck, ’53, to forge his own path in medicine. After a
Brett Levinson, ’02 stellar career in plastic surgery where he gained world-
32
Stanford Malinow, ’68 wide recognition in rhinoplasty, Peck is now improving
Janet O’Mahony, ’91
the quality of life for those living in nursing homes
Gary D. Plotnick, ’66
Maurice N. Reid, ’99 and extended living facilities. And he never forgot
Luette S. Semmes, ’84 Maryland.
Kristin Stueber, ’69
Directors Alumnus Profile: Leonardo Vieira, ’99 34
Geoffrey B. Liss, ’76
Richard Keller, ’58 Mission Beyond Medicine
Robert M. Phillips, ’82
Robert R. Rosen, ’49 Leonardo Vieira, ’99, and wife Guiga, a graduate of
Honorary Regional Vice Presidents Maryland’s school of social work, had a plan to one day
Tamara L. Burgunder, ’00 perform mission work. But the rigors of a busy practice
Paul Goleb, ’13 and raising children seemed to place their plans on
Otha Myles, ’98 34 the back burner. Their world changed in January 2010
Dr. E. Albert Reece, Dean
Ex-Officio when an earthquake struck Haiti. And it hasn’t been
the same since.
Larry Pitrof
Executive Director
The University of Maryland Medicine Bulletin, America’s
University of Maryland School of Medicine oldest medical alumni magazine, is jointly sponsored departments
Board of Visitors by the Medical Alumni Association of the University of
Maryland, Inc., and the University of Maryland School
Michael E. Cryor of Medicine.
Chair The acceptance of advertising by this publication Dean’s Message 2 Managing Wealth 37
Peter G. Angelos, Esq. does not in any way constitute endorsement or approval
Kenneth Banks by the Medical Alumni Association or medical school. News & Advances 3 Recollections 38
Morton D. Bogdonoff, MD Requests to reproduce articles should be made to:
JToacmealyrna CBuhregruyln Bdrear,m ’0b0le EBdalittiomr,o Mree,d Micainrye laBnudll e2t1in20, 15-2126 W36. ,L oomr bbya redm Satirl:e et, Medicina Memoriae 12 Student Activities 39
Frank C. Carlucci, III [email protected].
William M. Davidow, Jr., Esq. Faculty News 14 Class Notes 40
Subscriptions are $20 per year (domestic) and $25
Robert C. Embry, Jr.
Robert E. Fischell, ScD (overseas) Advancement 36 In Memoriam 42
Nelson H. Goldberg, ’73 For information on advertising, please contact:
Stewart J. Greenebaum The Medical Alumni Association of the University of
Willard Hackerman Maryland, Inc. email: [email protected]
Jeffrey L. Hargrave Editor-in-Chief Design
John R. Kelly Larry Pitrof Brushwood Graphics Design Group
Harry C. Knipp, ’76
Medical Editor Art Director
Patrick McCuan
Morton M. Krieger, ’52 Nancy Johnston
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Edward Magruder Passano, Jr.
Timothy J. Regan
Melvin Sharoky, ’76
Richard L. Taylor, ’75 Fall 2012 • Volume 97 • Number 2
dean’s message
F
orty one years ago this December, U.S. President Richard Nixon
signed the National Cancer Act of 1971, marking the official
beginning of the “War On Cancer.” More than four decades later,
this war still rages on, with almost 600,000 Americans dying of
the disease each year.
Fortunately, today, we know much more about cancer than we
did in the 1970s, as science recently has begun providing us with
an amazingly detailed understanding of this disease at the cellular
and molecular levels. For example, this past summer, scientists
working under the auspices of the massive Encyclopedia of DNA
Elements (ENCODE) project, one outgrowth of the Human
Genome Project, reported that the so-called “junk DNA” making
up 98 percent of the human genome is not junk at all. Rather, it
contains important signals for regulating our genes and determin-
E. Albert Reece, MD, PhD, MBA
ing disease risk, including whether we are prone to getting cancer Vice President for Medical Affairs, University of Maryland
and how cancers initiate, grow, and proliferate. Although it will John Z. and Akiko K. Bowers Distinguished Professor and
Dean, School of Medicine
likely take some time before these new findings can be developed
into useful therapies, many experts agree that these stunning and
unexpected results will greatly improve our chances for preventing
and treating a variety of cancers. Thus, we now have a much more
powerful armamentarium in our war against this dreaded disease than we had just a few years ago.
This issue of the Bulletin includes a profile of Angela Brodie, PhD, a cancer researcher at the
University of Maryland School of Medicine, who already has contributed greatly to our anti-cancer
armamentarium. Dr. Brodie is best known for her groundbreaking work in developing aromatase
inhibitors, a new class of breast cancer drugs proven to be effective treatments for hormone-sensitive
breast cancers in postmenopausal women. Studies have shown that aromatase inhibitors are particu-
larly effective in treating advanced breast cancer. She and her collaborators currently are studying
strategies to optimize the efficacy of these agents by “personalizing” the timing and dosage of aroma-
tase inhibitors based on a patient’s tumor biopsy. They also are working to adapt the same approaches
to treating prostate cancer, which, like breast cancer, is a hormone-dependent cancer. Prostate cancer
affects nearly a quarter-of-a-million men in the U.S. each year and kills approximately 30,000.
In addition to Dr. Brodie’s efforts to combat prostate cancer, the medical school, in partnership
with Advanced Particle Therapy LLC, is bringing one of the newest and most advanced prostate
cancer weapons to the Baltimore region. This past summer, we broke ground on a proton therapy
center, representing the next-generation of treatment for prostate cancer as well as many other local-
ized cancers. Protons, unlike x-rays, can be better targeted to localized
tumors with far fewer side effects. The proton therapy center also will
Join us for a reception in San Francisco
be a major hub of research involving investigations into which cancer
during the patients will most benefit from this exciting new therapy.
Dr. Brodie’s work as well as that of the proton therapy center, un-
AAMC Annual Meeting
doubtedly, will be made easier by the results of the ENCODE project
Sunday, November 4, 2012 and other ongoing human genome project offshoots. We are learn-
ing that more personalized approaches to cancer therapy based on
From 6:00 until 8:00 pm
insight into the molecular biology of specific cancers, as well as recent
developments in gene sequencing and molecular diagnostics, are sig-
nificantly improving outcomes. These recent developments and new
cancer-fighting tools provide us with hope that the “War On Cancer”
finally will be won in the foreseeable future.
San Francisco Marriott Marquis • 55 4th Street, San Francisco
[ ]
Medicine Bulletin Fall 2012 2
news&advances

EVENTS Bulletin Writer Wins Clarion
Rita Rooney, feature writer for the Medicine Bulletin maga-
zine, is recipient of a 2012 Clarion Award for her cover
story on post traumatic stress disorder in the spring 2011
magazine. The award, presented by the Association for
Women in Communications, honors newspaper, broad-
cast, magazine, and book writers, as well as professionals in
advertising and public relations. Recent winners include
writers for Newsweek, Good Housekeeping, Wall Street
Journal, PBS, Ladies Home Journal, and Time Magazine.
The story was entered in the category for magazine feature
article, internal publication. This is Rooney’s fourth
Clarion; she has been writing for the alumni magazine
Rita Rooney
since 2007.
EVENTS Rivest Among Most Admired CEOs
The Daily Record has named University of Maryland Medical Center
(UMMC) President and CEO Jeffrey A. Rivest among the recipients of
the 2012 “Maryland’s Most Admired CEOs” awards. Rivest is recognized in
the category for nonprofits with more than $10 million in annual revenue.
The Daily Record created the award to recognize some of the most nota-
bly talented CEOs leading the state’s nonprofit, for profit, and public com-
panies. The winners were selected based on their demonstration of strong
leadership, integrity, values, vision, commitment to excellence, financial
performance, and ongoing commitment to their communities and diversity.
Rivest joined UMMC in October 2004, and has led the organization to
significant growth and national recognition including being named hospi-
tal of the decade by The Leapfrog Group in 2011. The medical center has
grown to become a 779-bed teaching hospital and the flagship institution of
an 11-hospital University of Maryland Medical System. The hospital serves
as a national and regional referral center for trauma, cancer care, neurocare,
cardiac care, women’s and children’s health and has one of the nation’s
largest transplant programs.

Jeffrey A. Rivest
EVENTS Alumni Gather at NMA Meeting in New Orleans
Alumni, faculty, and friends of the medical school attending the National Medical Association meeting in New
Orleans gathered for a reception on July 30. The event, sponsored by the Medical Alumni Association, was hosted
by E. Albert Reece, MD, PhD, MBA, dean of the medical school and attended by about 70 guests including orga-
nizer Robert M. Phillips, ’82. The Hilton New Orleans Riverside was the site for the gathering.
Contributors to News & Advances include: Sharon Boston • Karen A. Robinson • Larry Roberts • Rita Rooney • Bill Seiler • Karen Warmkessel Photos by: John Seebode • Mark Teske • Richard Lippenholz
[ ]
3 University of Maryland
news&advances

Gut Bacteria Associated with Obesity
and Metabolic Syndrome
M
Maryland researchers have identified 26 species of bacte- of the first studies of obesity in humans to make a link
ria in the human gut microbiota that appear to be linked between inflammatory processes and specific organisms
to obesity and related metabolic complications. These in- that are present in the GI tract,” Fraser says, noting that
clude insulin resistance, high blood sugar levels, increased participants with metabolic syndrome who had elevated
blood pressure and high cholesterol, known collectively serum markers associated with inflammation tended to
as “the metabolic syndrome” which significantly increases have the lowest levels of good bacteria that have been
an individual’s risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular reported previously to have anti-inflammatory properties.
disease, and stroke. The study is the result of an ongoing collaboration
The results of the study, analyzing data from the Old between Fraser and Alan R. Shuldiner, MD, in connec-
Order Amish in Lancaster County, Pa., were published tion with the NIH Human Microbiome Project which
online on Aug. 15, 2012, in PLoS One, published by the seeks to characterize microbial communities in the body.
Public Library of Science. The study was funded by the Shuldiner, the John L. Whitehurst Professor of Medicine,
National Institutes of Health (NIH). associate dean for personalized medicine, and director
“We identified 26 species of bacteria that were corre- of the program in personalized and
lated with obesity and metabolic syndrome traits such as genomic medicine, operates an Amish
body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose research clinic in Lancaster. Over the
levels and C-reactive protein, a marker for inflamma- past 20 years, he and his research team
tion,” says the senior author, Claire M. Fraser, PhD, a have conducted more than a dozen
professor in the departments of medicine and microbiol- studies with the Amish, looking for
ogy & immunology and director of the University of genes that may cause common diseases
Maryland Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS). “We such as diabetes, osteoporosis and
can’t infer cause and effect, but it’s an important step cardiovascular disease.
forward that we’re starting to identify bacteria that are “The Old Order Amish are ideal
correlated with clinical parameters, suggesting that the for such studies because they are a
gut microbiota could one day be targeted with medica- genetically homogenous population
Alan R. Shuldiner, MD
tion, diet or lifestyle changes.” descended from a few founder families
Fraser says that additional research, including an and have a similar rural lifestyle,”
interventional study with the Amish, Shuldiner says. “We believe the results of this study are
is essential. “We can look at whether relevant to a broader population because the clinical
these bacteria change over time in a characteristics of obesity and its complications in the
given individual or in response to diet Amish are no different from the general Caucasian popu-
or medication,” she says. lation,” he says.
Researchers analyzed bacteria in fecal samples of 310
“We can’t infer cause and effect, but it’s an members of the Old Order Amish community, using a
important step forward that we’re starting process that enables them to identify a marker gene that
to identify bacteria that are correlated with serves as a bar code for each type of bacteria. Participants
in the study ranged from lean to overweight to obese;
clinical parameters, suggesting that the gut
some of the obese participants also had features of the
microbiota could one day be targeted with
metabolic syndrome. “Our hypothesis was that we would
Claire M. Fraser, PhD
medication, diet or lifestyle changes.” see a different composition in the gut microbiota in lean
vs. obese individuals and possibly in individuals who were
She notes that the research team, led by the late obese but also had features of the metabolic syndrome.”
Margaret L. Zupancic, PhD, then a postdoctoral fellow They discovered that every individual possessed one of
at IGS, also found an apparent link between the gut bac- three different communities of interacting bacteria, each
teria and inflammation, which is believed to be a factor characterized by a dominant bacterial genus. Neither
in obesity and many other chronic diseases. “This is one BMI nor any metabolic syndrome trait was specifically
[ ]
Medicine Bulletin Fall 2012 4
associated with any of these communities. Instead, their wives, had bacterial communities dominated by
differing levels of 26 less abundant bacterial species Prevotella, a type of bacteria that is also abundant in
present in all individuals appeared to be linked to obesity the gut microbiota of cattle and sheep. “These findings
and certain features of the metabolic syndrome. suggest that environmental exposure may play a role in
Interestingly, researchers also analyzed people’s gut determining the composition of the gut microbiota in
bacteria by their occupation and found that those who humans,” Fraser adds.
had regular contact with livestock, such as farmers and
19th Century Thesis Statements on Web
T
The University of Mary- trained scribe. In all
land Baltimore Health cases, though, they are
Sciences and Human wonderful snapshots
Services Library recently bringing to life the mind
completed a project set and character of
digitizing its entire Maryland’s early medical
inventory of historical students as well as the
thesis statements from evolution and progress of
medical school graduates their instruction.
of the 19th century. The Over the past decade,
collection includes 174 both the library and
bound volumes of student Medical Alumni As-
papers dating from the sociation have noticed
early 1800s through 1887 a spike in inquiries
when Maryland formally relating to genealogy.
dropped the requirement. “The availability of these
In a historical sketch original materials now
of the university pub- viewable on the web is
lished in 1907, author Richard J. Behles an added bonus in our
Eugene F. Cordell, class ability to provide such
of 1868, describes the existence of these papers: historical institutional details to so many people,” says
Richard J. Behles, historical librarian/preservation
“Both the charter of the College of Medicine and that
officer for the university. “These papers personify the
of the University prescribe the writing and publica-
history of our institution by the very students who lived
tion of a thesis as a condition of graduation…the first
and helped create it,” he adds.
requirement continued in operation until quite a recent
Arrangements through a national library consortium
period; the latter was carried out until 1817…the
allow digitized versions of the material to reside in a
unprinted theses have recently been deposited in the
source known as the Internet Archive, located at http://
Library; they have not been assorted as yet, and it is
archive.org/. Typing in the search phrase “University
not known whether they are complete or not.”
of Maryland Theses” leads to the full listing. In addi-
Some of the earliest students wrote their theses in
tion, the library also maintains its own digital archive,
Latin; however, that practice eventually gave way to
retrievable through the usual Web search engines at
composing in English. The requirement stipulated that
http://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/handle/10713/687.
a student choose to write his thesis on some self-selected
In addition to the collection of theses, the archive
topic or a description of several case studies which he
maintains backfile volumes of the Bulletin magazine at
had observed. Many of the works are actual transcrip-
http://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/handle/10713/135.
tions of the students themselves, although some exhibit
Issues of the Bulletin are also available through the
elaborate penmanship suggesting transcription by a
Internet Archive.
[ ]
5 University of Maryland
news&advances

Transitions
George T. Fantry, MD, was Sheri Slezak, MD, professor
named assistant dean for stu- of surgery, was named the new
dent affairs, education and re- chief of the division of plastic
search in the offices of student and reconstructive surgery. A
affairs and student research. member of Maryland’s faculty
He oversees a comprehensive since 1989, Slezak is renowned
restructuring of the office of for her work in breast recon-
student research, allowing the struction and is one of only a
school to remain responsive to handful of women who have
an increasing demand for stu- risen to be plastic surgery
dent research, education, and division chiefs in the country.
training. Over the past few years, more than 75 percent of A passionate teacher and mentor who considers profes-
the freshman class has sought individual assistance in the sional cultivation an important part of her job as division
office of student research in pursuit of research placement chief, Slezak will continue to lead the division in basic
and funding. Fantry earned his medical degree from the and clinical research, including studying the role of stem
State University of New York Upstate Medical Center in cells from fat as soft tissue fillers. Reconstructive surgery
1984, followed by internship, residency, and a fellowship includes a total of six faculty physicians. Slezak will con-
in gastroenterology in the department of medicine at the tinue to lead this expanding team in performing plastic
University of Massachusetts Medical Center. He joined and reconstructive surgeries across a variety of special-
Maryland in 1990, rising to his current rank of associ- ties in patients who have had cancer treatment, burns,
ate professor in 1997. Fantry will continue working as a congenital defects, and trauma.
member of the office of student affairs where he counsels
Zeljko Vujaskovic, MD,
and mentors medical students and writes their perfor-
PhD, was appointed professor
mance evaluations.
and director of the new divi-
James S. Gammie, MD, sion of translational radiation
professor of Surgery, was ap- sciences in the department
pointed chief of the division of of radiation oncology. The
cardiac surgery. He will guide division is bringing together
the division in five areas of the department’s basic science
sub-specialization including: research activities in radiation
heart and lung transplantation biology. Vujaskovic joined
and mechanical circulatory Maryland from his previous
support, heart valve disease, position as professor, director of the normal tissue injury
coronary disease, pediatric and laboratory, and director of the clinical hyperthermia
adult congenital disease, and program at Duke University Medical Center. His clinical
arrhythmias. His charge includes collaborating with the and research work for the past two decades has been to
division of cardiology within the heart center to improve elucidate the mechanisms associated with radiation nor-
patient outcomes through hybrid procedures involving mal tissue injury, identify potential biomarkers predict-
cardiologists and cardiac surgeons working together in ing individual patient risk for injury, and develop novel
the operating room. As division chief he oversees one therapeutic interventions/strategies to prevent, mitigate,
of the only integrated cardiothoracic training programs or treat radiation injury. He is a nationally and interna-
in the country, providing a focused training experience tionally recognized leader in the field of radiation related
in cardiothoracic surgery. He has served on Maryland’s normal tissue injury.
faculty since 2006.
[ ]
Medicine Bulletin Fall 2012 6
Annuitant Age at Gift Age 70 Age 75 Age 80 Age 85
Annuity Rate 5.1% 5.8% 6.8% 7.8%
Some things are not
Charitable Deduction $9,288 $10,670 $11,978 $13,755
Annual Payment $1,275 $1,450 $1,700 $1,950
too good to be true!
Tax-free portion (cash gift) $992 $1,156 $1,386 $1,654
Rate of Return 5.9% 6.8% 8.2% 9.7%
Benefit now with an immediate
Equivalent rate of return 8.3% 9.7% 11.8% 14.1%
charitable gift annuity.
Sample benefits of a $25,000 immediate
Benefit now with an immediate Single Life Gift Annuity
(Rates effective January 1, 2012)
charitable gift annuity. A gift of cash or
appreciated securities to support the 1 Deduction will vary slightly with changes in the IRS Discount Rate.
Assumed rate 1.6%.
School of Medicine can pay you a fixed 2 Rate of return for donor in 35% bracket adjusted for value of
tax deduction.
income for life, make you eligible for a 3This rate incorporates value of tax free income and the tax deduction at
the 35% bracket.
current income tax deduction, maximize use of the $5
PLEASE NOTE: Charitable gift annuities are provided through the
million gift tax exemption in 2012, and secure other
University of Maryland Baltimore Foundation, Inc. The above
examples are for educational purposes only and do not constitute an
favorable tax benefits. Additionally, a gift annuity gives you
offer to issue annuities where precluded by state law. Donors should
the opportunity to make your legacy commitment to always consult with their tax advisors to determine whether a
planned gift is appropriate for them.
support the Frank M. Calia, MD Professorship,
For more information, please contact:
or almost any other area of interest at the School.
Thomas F. Hofstetter, JD, LLM
Senior Director of Planned Giving
Or benefit later with a deferred University of Maryland, Baltimore
charitable gift annuity. 1-877-706-4406
[email protected]
You can also choose to defer your payment until a later www.umaryland.edu/plannedgiving
date. Your annuity payment and your tax
deduction will be bigger, and you have the flexibility to
select a start date that fits your retirement needs.
[ ]
7 University of Maryland
Aromatase Inhibitors
By Rita M. Rooney
[ ]
Medicine Bulletin Fall 2012 8
Photos by Richard Lippenholz
{Admitting to the inevitable roadblocks
within scientific discovery, Angela
Brodie, PhD, professor of pharmacology,
counters with a smile that scientists
don’t expect overnight success.
“Identifying inhibitors that work
well in the test tube is a long way
from seeing their effective use in the
clinic,” Brodie says.
She should know. Brodie’s major scientific awards recognize her
development of aromatase inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer
as among the most important contributions to cancer cure. She has
received the Kettering Prize from the General Motors Cancer Research
Foundation, awarded for the most important recent basic science cancer
research. In addition, she is recipient of the Dorothy P. Landon ACCR
Prize for groundbreaking translational cancer research. Most recently,
she received the prestigious Pharmacia Award of the American Society
for Experimental Therapy.
Brodie’s development of aromatase inhibitors took place during the
1970s and early 1980s, but the aromatase story has a sequel—one that
chronicles continuing new achievement. Brodie has teamed with a phy-
sician–scientist who is accelerating the impact of inhibitors on breast
cancer surgery, and she is further collaborating with a researcher and
together they are applying a similar strategy to prostate cancer therapy.
John A. Olson Jr., MD, PhD, Campbell and Jeanette Plugge Professor
of Surgery, was recently recruited to Maryland as vice chair, department
of surgery and chief of the division of general and oncologic surgery. He
reports that he was attracted to Maryland because of its impressive level
of research as well as the presence of Brodie. Shortly after his arrival,
the two began a collaboration exploring the merits of using inhibitors in
conjunction with surgery.
Aromatase Inhibitors
The Discovery That Keeps on Giving
Vincent C.O. Njar, PhD, professor of medicinal chemistry and phar-
macology, and head of the medicinal chemistry section of the center for
biomolecular therapeutics, has been collaborating with Brodie for several
years on developing androgen synthesis inhibitors to treat prostate
cancer. Their work, which is meeting with considerable success, has
been predicated on the premise that, if aromatase drugs are effective for
breast cancer, the same concept might well apply to the development of
inhibitors for prostate cancer. Their lead inhibitor (VN/124–1) is now in
Angela Brodie, PhD and John A. Olson Jr., MD, PhD clinical trials.
Aromatase is an enzyme that makes estrogen, a hormone that is a
growth factor in most breast cancers. Brodie began with the idea of
developing inhibitors to the enzyme which in turn would reduce the
production of estrogen. Initially, she and her husband, now a retired
Angela Brodie, PhD, can be contacted at [email protected]
[ ]
9 University of Maryland