Lalaie Ameeriar Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/downwardlyglobalOOamee LALAIE AMEERIAR Women, Work, and Citizenship in the Pakistani Diaspora Duke University Press Durham and London 1017 © zoi7 duke university press. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper °o Text designed by Courtney Leigh Baker Typeset in Garamond Premier Pro by Westchester Publishing Services Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Ameeriar, Lalaie, author. Title: Downwardly global: women, work, and citizenship in the Pakistani diaspora / Lalaie Ameeriar. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 1017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2.016033439 (print) lccn 2016034172 (ebook) ISBN 9780822363019 (hardcover: alk. paper) ISBN 9780822363163 (pbk.: alk. paper) isbn 9780822373407 (e-book) Subjects: LCSH: Pakistanis—Canada. | Women immigrants—Employment—Canada. | Pakistani diaspora. | Cultural pluralism—Canada. Classification: LCC F1035.P34 A44 2017 (print) | lcc F1035.P34 (ebook) | ddc 305.8914/122071—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016033439 COVER ART: Sausan Saulat, Maybe tomorrow / (details). Private collection. Courtesy of the artist. Duke University Press gratefully acknowledges the support of the Heilman Foundation, at the University of California Santa Barbara, which provided funds toward the publication of this book. CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii INTRODUCTION I ONE. BODIES AND BUREAUCRACIES 25 TWO. PEDAGOGIES OF AFFECT 53 three. SANITIZING CITIZENSHIP 75 FOUR. RACIALIZING SOUTH ASIA 101 five. THE CATASTROPHIC PRESENT 127 CONCLUSION 153 Notes 169 References 181 Index 201