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Download - World Agroforestry Centre PDF

31 Pages·2012·3.45 MB·English
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Climate  change  vulnerability  of  agroforestry Henry  Neufeldt,  Ian  K.  Dawson,  Eike  Luedeling,  Oluyede  C.  Ajayi,  Tracy  Beedy,   Aster  Gebrekirstos,  Ramni  H.  Jamnadass,  Konstantin  König,  Gudeta  W.  Sileshi, Elisabeth  Simelton,  Carmen  Sotelo  Montes,  John  C.  Weber ! ! 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Other publication series from the World Agroforestry Centre expression of an opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Agroforestry Centre concerning the
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