Download and Print ALP Industries Catalog

244 Pages·2016·12.14 MB·English

Corporate History
American Lifting Products,Inc. (the forerunnerofALPIndustries, Inc.)in 1981inParkesburg, PA.
As aresult of growthand expansion, the corporateoffices wereto Coatesville, PAin1993and thento
Lancaster,PAin2015.
ALP’sinitialexpansion occurredwiththe acquisition of Pennsylvania Sling Company(Harrsiburg,PA
and Pittsburgh, PA)and CobbWireRopeand SlingCompany(Atlanta, GA)in 1983. Since then,ALP
has grownto16locations and120employees throughouttheUnitedStates.
ALP’s registered trademarks include Penco®,Saf-T-Grip®,Grip-Tite®,Redi-Grip®,Mulox®,and
Tufskin®. PMS Blueis thetrademarked color ofALP’sratchetand lever typeload binders. Lookfor
Redi-Grip®RedSleeve®onour wireropeslings. Inaddition, thecombination of OrangeandWhite®
coloredstrands inwirerope isa registeredtrademark ofALPIndustries, Inc.
ALPfocuses uponprovidinghigh qualityproducts and unequaled customer service while
“LIFTINGAMERICA- Yesterday, Today &Tomorrow”
Mission Statement
ALPIndustries, Inc.isdedicatedtoitsgrowth, customers,employees, andthe concept oflinked
prosperity. Ourmissionconsists ofthree interrelatedparts:
Product Mission:
Todistribute and sellthefinest qualityindustrial lifting products intheindustry. To insure bothsafety
and customersatisfaction.
Growth Mission:
Totake aproactive growth strategywhich includesan internal growth rateof salesand an external
growth strategyto addadditionallocationsintheAmericas tobetter serve our customersand diversify
our productlineandcustomerbase.
Economic Mission:
Tooperate thecompany ona soundfinancial basisof profitable growthand createcareeropportunities
and financialrewards forour employees.
Underlying the missionofALPIndustries, Inc.isthedeterminationtoseek newand creative waysof
addressingall threeparts, while holding adeep respect forindividuals, insideand outsidethe company,
and forthecommunities of whichtheyarea part.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
E
PS
OG
RN
RESLI
WIRE ROPE & WIRE ROPE SLINGS HOISTS & WINCHES WI&
T(cid:286)(cid:396)mi(cid:374)(cid:381)(cid:367)(cid:381)(cid:336)y&P(cid:396)(cid:381)p(cid:286)(cid:396)ti(cid:286)s 2 E(cid:367)(cid:286)c(cid:410)(cid:396)icCh(cid:258)i(cid:374)H(cid:381)is(cid:410)s 159
Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)I(cid:374)sp(cid:286)cti(cid:381)(cid:374) 5 M(cid:258)(cid:374)u(cid:258)(cid:367)Ch(cid:258)i(cid:374)H(cid:381)is(cid:410)s 162 RS
ST(cid:396)ix(cid:381)uSb(cid:410)(cid:396)(cid:367)(cid:258)(cid:286)(cid:374)sh(cid:282)(cid:381)R(cid:381)(cid:381)tip(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:336)sCh(cid:286)ck(cid:367)is(cid:410) 108 BT(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:381)(cid:258)(cid:367)m(cid:367)(cid:286)yCs(cid:367)(cid:258)&mOp(cid:410)sh(cid:286)(cid:396)Acc(cid:286)ss(cid:381)(cid:396)i(cid:286)s 116686 ATOUCT
VD
R(cid:381)(cid:410)(cid:258)ti(cid:381)(cid:374)R(cid:286)sis(cid:410)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:410)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)s 12 H(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:282)Wi(cid:374)ch(cid:286)s 169 EO
G(cid:258)(cid:367)v(cid:258)(cid:374)iz(cid:286)(cid:282)&S(cid:410)(cid:258)i(cid:374)(cid:367)(cid:286)ss 14 Sp(cid:286)ci(cid:258)(cid:367)Pu(cid:396)p(cid:381)s(cid:286)Wi(cid:374)ch(cid:286)s 170 ELPR
B(cid:286)(cid:410)h(cid:367)(cid:286)h(cid:286)m 15 P(cid:381)w(cid:286)(cid:396)Wi(cid:374)ch(cid:286)s 171
B(cid:396)i(cid:282)(cid:381)(cid:374) 18
Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)c(cid:381) 24 BELOW THE HOOK PRODUCTS
G(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:396)(cid:258)(cid:367)Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)R(cid:286)c(cid:381)mm(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:258)ti(cid:381)(cid:374)s 27 N
Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)S(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:336)s 28 Lifti(cid:374)(cid:336)B(cid:286)(cid:258)ms 172 AI
SR(cid:367)(cid:286)i(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:336)i-GC(cid:258)(cid:396)ipp(cid:258)®cRiti(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:282)sS-(cid:367)(cid:286)Sp(cid:286)v(cid:286)(cid:286)ci®(cid:258)S(cid:367)(cid:367)Si(cid:374)(cid:367)i(cid:336)(cid:374)s(cid:336)-s6x19&6x37C(cid:367)(cid:258)ss 3219 SPp(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:396)(cid:367)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:282)L(cid:286)ift(cid:396)(cid:286)B(cid:396)(cid:258)s(cid:396)s 117767 CH
C(cid:381)mm(cid:381)(cid:374)T(cid:286)(cid:396)mi(cid:374)(cid:258)ti(cid:381)(cid:374)s 32 C(cid:381)i(cid:367)Lift(cid:286)(cid:396)s 178
P(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:410)S(cid:381)ck(cid:286)(cid:410)A(cid:396)(cid:396)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:336)(cid:286)m(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:410)s 32 Sp(cid:286)ci(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:410)yLift(cid:286)(cid:396)s 179
T(cid:286)(cid:396)mi(cid:374)(cid:258)(cid:367)Effici(cid:286)(cid:374)ci(cid:286)s* 33 G(cid:396)(cid:258)bs 182 C
Sh(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:410)Lift(cid:286)(cid:396)s 186 TIS
L(cid:381)(cid:258)(cid:282)P(cid:381)siti(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:396) 188 EG
ELEVATOR PRODUCTS HN
E(cid:367)(cid:286)v(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:396)Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)R(cid:381)p(cid:286) 34 PC(cid:381)(cid:381)s(cid:374)ic-T(cid:396)(cid:286)u(cid:410)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:286)B(cid:396)u®ck(cid:286)(cid:410)s 119819 YNTSLI
B(cid:286)(cid:410)h(cid:367)(cid:286)h(cid:286)mFib(cid:286)(cid:396)C(cid:381)(cid:396)(cid:286)E(cid:367)(cid:286)v(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:396)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)s 35 C(cid:258)m(cid:367)(cid:286)v(cid:286)(cid:396)S(cid:410)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:258)(cid:396)(cid:282)Buck(cid:286)(cid:410)s 191 S
B(cid:286)(cid:410)h(cid:367)(cid:286)h(cid:286)mIWRCE(cid:367)(cid:286)v(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:396)H(cid:381)is(cid:410)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)s 37 LiftM(cid:258)(cid:336)(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:410)s-P(cid:286)(cid:396)m(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:410) 192
Ush(cid:258)M(cid:258)(cid:396)ti(cid:374)E(cid:367)(cid:286)v(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:396)Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)R(cid:381)p(cid:286) 38 LiftM(cid:258)(cid:336)(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:410)s-B(cid:258)tt(cid:286)(cid:396)yP(cid:381)w(cid:286)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:282) 193 &
Zzipc(cid:381)E(cid:367)(cid:286)v(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:396)Sh(cid:258)ck(cid:367)(cid:286)Ass(cid:286)mb(cid:367)y 40 LiftM(cid:258)(cid:336)(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:410)s-E(cid:367)(cid:286)c(cid:410)(cid:396)ic 194 S
R(cid:286)(cid:367)(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:282)E(cid:367)(cid:286)v(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:381)(cid:396)P(cid:396)(cid:381)(cid:282)uc(cid:410)s 42 M(cid:258)(cid:336)(cid:374)(cid:286)ticLifti(cid:374)(cid:336)B(cid:286)(cid:258)ms 194 GSCK
Lifti(cid:374)(cid:336)C(cid:367)(cid:258)mps&B(cid:286)(cid:258)mG(cid:396)(cid:258)bs 195 NO
TIL
CHAIN PRODUCTS TB
FALL RESTRAINT FI
A(cid:367)(cid:367)(cid:381)yCh(cid:258)i(cid:374)S(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:336)s 52
A(cid:367)(cid:367)(cid:381)yCh(cid:258)i(cid:374)S(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:336)W(cid:381)(cid:396)ki(cid:374)(cid:336)L(cid:381)(cid:258)(cid:282)Limi(cid:410)s 53 R(cid:286)(cid:410)(cid:396)(cid:258)c(cid:410)(cid:258)b(cid:367)(cid:286)Lif(cid:286)(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:286)s 200
A(cid:367)(cid:367)(cid:381)yCh(cid:258)i(cid:374)Att(cid:258)chm(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:410)s 56 H(cid:258)(cid:396)(cid:374)(cid:286)ss(cid:286)s&Ki(cid:410)s 201 &S
Sp(cid:286)ci(cid:258)(cid:367)Ch(cid:258)i(cid:374)Ass(cid:286)mb(cid:367)i(cid:286)s 65 O(cid:410)h(cid:286)(cid:396)Acc(cid:286)ss(cid:381)(cid:396)i(cid:286)s 202 SHE
S(cid:258)f(cid:286)(cid:396)Ch(cid:258)i(cid:374)S(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:336)Us(cid:286) 68 Susp(cid:286)(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:286)(cid:282)P(cid:286)(cid:396)s(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:367)P(cid:367)(cid:258)tf(cid:381)(cid:396)ms 203 STNC
Ch(cid:258)i(cid:374)S(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:336)I(cid:374)sp(cid:286)cti(cid:381)(cid:374) 69 OIWI
C(cid:258)(cid:396)b(cid:381)(cid:374)Ch(cid:258)i(cid:374) 70 CORDAGE H
Bi(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:286)(cid:396)s&Ch(cid:258)i(cid:374)s 73
S(cid:410)(cid:258)i(cid:374)(cid:367)(cid:286)ssS(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:367)Ch(cid:258)i(cid:374) 74 Twis(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:282)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)s 205
B(cid:396)(cid:258)i(cid:282)(cid:286)(cid:282)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)s 207 HE
SYNTHETIC SLINGS CARGO CONTROL PRODUCTS TWOK
O
Sy(cid:374)(cid:410)h(cid:286)ticW(cid:286)bS(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:336)s 75 OH
Mu(cid:367)(cid:381)x®H(cid:286)(cid:258)vyDu(cid:410)yP(cid:381)(cid:367)y(cid:286)s(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:396)S(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:336)* 78 L(cid:381)(cid:336)istic&Uti(cid:367)i(cid:410)yS(cid:410)(cid:396)(cid:258)pAss(cid:286)mb(cid:367)i(cid:286)s 209 EL
Mu(cid:367)ti-L(cid:286)(cid:336)Sy(cid:374)(cid:410)h(cid:286)ticS(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:336)s 79 S(cid:258)f(cid:286)(cid:410)yC(cid:381)(cid:374)si(cid:282)(cid:286)(cid:396)(cid:258)ti(cid:381)(cid:374)s 211 B
Sp(cid:286)ci(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:410)ySy(cid:374)(cid:410)h(cid:286)ticW(cid:286)bS(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:336)s 80 P(cid:258)(cid:396)(cid:410)Numb(cid:286)(cid:396)I(cid:282)(cid:286)(cid:374)tific(cid:258)ti(cid:381)(cid:374) 212
W(cid:286)bS(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:336)I(cid:374)sp(cid:286)cti(cid:381)(cid:374) 83 Wi(cid:374)ch(cid:286)s&B(cid:258)(cid:396)s 213 T
PP(cid:381)(cid:381)(cid:367)(cid:367)yy(cid:286)(cid:286)ss(cid:410)(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:396)(cid:396)RR(cid:381)(cid:381)uu(cid:374)(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:282)ss(cid:367)(cid:367)ii(cid:374)(cid:374)(cid:336)(cid:336)sI(cid:374)sp(cid:286)cti(cid:381)(cid:374) 8854 BE(cid:374)u(cid:282)ckF(cid:367)(cid:286)itti&(cid:374)R(cid:336)(cid:258)H(cid:410)(cid:258)ch(cid:396)(cid:282)(cid:286)w(cid:410)S(cid:258)p(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:286)cific(cid:258)ti(cid:381)(cid:374)s 221146 LLRAIN
W(cid:286)bS(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:336)H(cid:258)(cid:396)(cid:282)w(cid:258)(cid:396)(cid:286) 86 CSph(cid:286)(cid:258)ci(cid:374)i(cid:258)s(cid:367)(cid:410)&yLS(cid:381)(cid:410)(cid:396)(cid:258)(cid:258)(cid:282)pBsi(cid:374)(cid:282)(cid:286)(cid:396)s 221198 FAEST
O(cid:410)h(cid:286)(cid:396)C(cid:258)(cid:396)(cid:336)(cid:381)C(cid:381)(cid:374)(cid:410)(cid:396)(cid:381)(cid:367)P(cid:396)(cid:381)(cid:282)uc(cid:410)s 220 R
FITTINGS & BLOCKS
Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)C(cid:367)ips 92 TOOLS & OTHER ITEMS
e
Li(cid:374)ks&Ri(cid:374)(cid:336)s 96 g
C(cid:396)(cid:381)sby®Sh(cid:258)ck(cid:367)(cid:286)s 98 C(cid:258)b(cid:367)(cid:286)Cutt(cid:286)(cid:396)s 222 a
C(cid:396)(cid:381)sby®H(cid:381)is(cid:410)H(cid:381)(cid:381)ks 104 C(cid:381)(cid:396)(cid:396)(cid:381)si(cid:381)(cid:374)P(cid:396)(cid:381)(cid:410)(cid:286)ctiv(cid:286)C(cid:381)(cid:258)ti(cid:374)(cid:336) 225 rd
Sp(cid:286)ci(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:410)yF(cid:381)(cid:396)(cid:336)(cid:286)(cid:282)H(cid:381)(cid:381)ks 117 K(cid:367)(cid:286)i(cid:374)H(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:282)T(cid:381)(cid:381)(cid:367)s 226 o
Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)Thimb(cid:367)(cid:286)s 120 Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)G(cid:396)ips 228 C
C(cid:396)(cid:381)sby®F(cid:381)(cid:396)(cid:336)(cid:286)(cid:282)Swiv(cid:286)(cid:367)s 123 M(cid:258)(cid:396)i(cid:374)(cid:286)P(cid:396)(cid:381)(cid:282)uc(cid:410)s 230
Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)S(cid:381)ck(cid:286)(cid:410)s 126
C(cid:396)(cid:381)sby®Tu(cid:396)(cid:374)buck(cid:367)(cid:286)s 132 USEFUL INFORMATION ool
H(cid:381)is(cid:410)Ri(cid:374)(cid:336)s 136 gr
E(cid:367)(cid:286)c(cid:410)(cid:396)(cid:381)(cid:367)i(cid:374)(cid:286)Fitti(cid:374)(cid:336)s 142 GW(cid:286)i(cid:374)(cid:396)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:396)R(cid:258)(cid:381)(cid:367)pI(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:282)Du(cid:286)sfi(cid:410)(cid:396)(cid:374)yitiT(cid:286)(cid:381)(cid:396)(cid:374)mss 223379 arnt
T(cid:286)(cid:396)mi(cid:374)(cid:258)ti(cid:381)(cid:374)s-Sm(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:367)Di(cid:258)m(cid:286)(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:396)Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)s 145 Co
S(cid:410)(cid:258)i(cid:374)(cid:367)(cid:286)ssS(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:286)(cid:367)Fitti(cid:374)(cid:336)s 149 M(cid:286)(cid:410)(cid:396)icC(cid:381)(cid:374)v(cid:286)(cid:396)si(cid:381)(cid:374)T(cid:258)b(cid:367)(cid:286)s 240 C
McKissick®S(cid:374)(cid:258)(cid:410)chB(cid:367)(cid:381)cks 151
W(cid:286)s(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:396)(cid:374)Wi(cid:396)(cid:286)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)B(cid:367)(cid:381)cks 153 MS
W(cid:286)s(cid:410)(cid:286)(cid:396)(cid:374)M(cid:258)(cid:374)i(cid:367)(cid:258)R(cid:381)p(cid:286)B(cid:367)(cid:381)cks 154 &E
McKissick®E(cid:258)syR(cid:286)(cid:286)v(cid:286)®C(cid:396)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:286)B(cid:367)(cid:381)cks 155 SIT
McKissick®Ov(cid:286)(cid:396)h(cid:258)u(cid:367)B(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:367)s 156 OLR
T(cid:258)ck(cid:367)(cid:286)B(cid:367)(cid:381)ckR(cid:286)(cid:286)vi(cid:374)(cid:336) 158 TOTHE
O
N
O
ULATI
FM
E
SR
UO
F
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I
2 SECTION 1 - WIRE ROPE & WIRE ROPE SLINGS
WIRE ROPE & WIRE ROPE SLINGS
Terminology & Properties Manufacturershavebegunproducinglimitedconstructions
ofExtraExtraImprovedPlowSteel(EEIPS),whichare
Withprecise,movingparts,designedandmanufacturedto 10%-15%higherthansimilarEIPSgraderopes. Some
beardefiniterelationshiptooneanother,wireropecanbea specialconstructionsexceedEEIPSgrade.
complexmechanism.
The“Lay”ofthewirerope(thedirectionofstrandingand
Wireropeisgenerallycomposedofwires,strands,and closing)directlyaffectstheoperatingproperties. InRegular
thecore(SeeFig.). Thewiresarehelicallylaidtogether Laywirerope,thedirectionofthewiresaretwistedinan
inaprecisegeometricpatterntoformthestrand.The oppositedirectionthanthedirectionofthestrands. Regular
strandsarelaidaboutthecoretoformthewirerope. The LaymaybeRightRegularLayorLeftRegularLay
processofpositioningthestrands dependinguponthedirectionofthestrands. (Fig.1)
aboutthecoreiscalled“closing.”
Theprocessofpositioningthe
wireswithinthestrandiscalled
“stranding.”
Wireropevariesby:
• Diameter
• Gradeofsteelutilized
• Directionofstrandingand
closing
• Wirefinish(Bright,
Galvanized,Stainless,etc.) Fig.1
• Corematerial
InLangLaywireropesthedirectionofthewiresaretwisted
• Construction(#ofwires/strand
inthesamedirectionasthestrands. LangLaymaybeRight
and#ofstrandsperwirerope)
LangLayorLeftLangLaydependinguponthedirectionof
thestrands. (Fig2)
Eachvariationchangesthe
performancecharacteristicsofthe
wirerope.
CAUTION: Atnotimeshouldthemeasureddiameterbelessthan
thenominaldiameterofthewirerope.
TheRIGHTWay TheWRONGWay
Fig.2
ThewiresofaRegularLaywireropetravelparalleland
alongthelengthoftheropewhilethoseofaLangLayrope
travelparalleltotheaxisofthestrand.
Thefirstdifferentiationofwireropeisbydiameter.
Generally,anewwireropeismanufacturedtoitsnominal Inaddition,theropelaylength(distancerequiredforone
diameter+2½%. Thisallowsforthenormalreductionof strandtotravel360oaroundthecore)canvaryslightly
diameterexperiencedwhenanewropeisplacedunderload. amongmanufacturers.
Thegradeofsteelutilizedintheconstructionofthewire
ropehasamajorinfluenceupontheultimatebreakstrength.
MoststeelwireropetodayisExtraImprovedPlowSteel
Grade(EIPS).
www.alpindustries.com
S 1 - W R & W R S 3
ECTION IRE OPE IRE OPE LINGS
E
PS
OG
RN
Mostwireropehasabright,self-coloredfinishand RESLI
acoatingoflubricant. However,wireropescanbe WI&
galvanized,stainlesssteel,orplastic/vinyl/urethanecoated.
Mostwireropesaresuppliedwitheitherafiberorsteelcore.
Thecore’sprimaryfunctionistosupporttheouterstrands
oftherope,maintainingtheircorrectrelativepositionduring
theoperatinglife. Fibercoresarecomposedofnatural
VegetableFiberCore(VFC-sisal,etc.)orSynthetic
FiberCore(PFC-polypropylene,etc.)whichhavebeen
formedintoyarnsandtwistedintostrands. Steelcoresmay
beIndependentWireRopeCore(IWRC)orWireStrand
Core(WSC). Steelcoresprovidegreatersupporttothe
outerstrandsthanfibercoresduringtherope’soperating TheRightWaytoUncoil-Thereisonlyonewaytouncoil
life. Steelcoresresistcrushing,aremoreresistanttoheat, wirerope. Onepersonmustholdtheendoftheropewhile
reducetheamountofstretch,andincreasethestrengthof asecondpersonrollsthecoilalongthefloor,backingaway.
therope. Theropeisallowedtouncoilnaturallywiththelay,without
spiralingortwisting. Alwaysuncoilwireropeasshown.
TheWrongWaytoUncoil-Ifacoilofwireropeislaid
flatontheflooranduncoiledbypullingitstraightoff,
Unreeling & Uncoiling spiralswilloccurandkinkingislikely. Torsionsareput
intotheropebyeveryloopthatispulledoff,andtherope
TheRightWaytoUnreel-Tounreelwireropefroma becomestwistedandunmanageable. Also,wireropecannot
heavyreel,placeashaftthroughthecenterandjackupthe beuncoiledlikehemprope. Pullingoneendthroughthe
reelfarenoughtoclearthefloorandrotateeasily.One middleofthecoilwillonlyresultinkinking.
personholdstheendoftheropeandwalksastraightline
awayfromthereel,takingthewireropeoffthetopofthe Kinks-Careshouldbetakentoavoidkinksinwirerope.
reel. Kinksareplaceswheretheropehasbeenunintentionally
benttoapermanentset.Thishappenswhereloopsare
pulledthroughbytensionontheropeuntilthediameter
oftheloopisonlyafewinches. Theyarealsocausedby
bendingaropearoundasheavehavingtooseverearadius.
Wiresinthestrandsatthekinkarepermanentlydamaged
andwillnotgivenormalservice,evenafterapparent“re-
straightening.”
DrumWinding-Whenwireropeiswoundontoasheave
ordrum,itshouldbendinthemannerinwhichitwas
originallywound. Thiswillavoidcausingareversebend
intherope. Alwayswindwireropefromthetopoftheone
reelontothetopoftheother. Alsoacceptable,butlessso,
isre-reelingfromthebottomofonereeltothebottomof
Asecondpersonregulatesthespeedoftheturningreelby
another.Re-reelingmayalsobedonewithreelshavingtheir
holdingawoodblockagainsttheflangeasabrake,taking
shaftsvertical,butextremecaremustbetakentoensurethat
caretokeepslackfromdevelopingonthereel,asthiscan
theropealwaysremainstaut. Itshouldneverbeallowedto
easilycauseakinkintherope. Lightweightreelscanbe
dropbelowthelowerflangeonthereel. Areelrestingon
properlyunreeledusingaverticalshaft;thesamecare
thefloorwithitsaxishorizontalmayalsoberolledalongthe
shouldbetakentokeeptheropetaut.
floortounreeltherope.
TheWrongWaytoUnreel-Ifareelofwireropeislaid
AttachmentLocation-Wireropeshouldbeattachedat
onitsflangewithitsaxisverticaltothefloorandtherope
thecorrectlocation,onaflatorsmooth-faceddrum,so
unreeledbythrowingofftheturns,spiralswilloccurand
thattheropewillspoolevenly,withtheturnslyingsnugly
kinksarelikelytoformintherope. Wireropealways
againsteachotherinevenlayers. Ifwireropeiswoundon
shouldbehandledinawaythatneithertwistsnorunlaysit.
asmooth-faceddruminthewrongdirection,theturnsin
Ifhandledinacarelessmanner,reversebendsandkinkscan thefirstlayerofropewilltendtospreadapartonthedrum.
easilyoccur. Thisresultsinthesecondlayerofropewedgingbetweenthe
opencoils,crushingandflattentheropeassuccessivelayers
arespooled.
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4 SECTION 1 - WIRE ROPE & WIRE ROPE SLINGS
TheSeizingWire-Theseizingwireshouldbesoftor
annealedwireorstrand. Seizingwirediameterandthe
lengthoftheseizewilldependonthediameterofthewire
rope. Thelengthoftheseizingshouldneverbelessthanthe
diameteroftheropebeingseized.
Properend-seizingwhilecuttingandinstalling,
particularlyonrotation-resistantropes,iscritical.
Failuretoadheretosimpleprecautionarymeasuresmay
causecoreslippageandloosestrands,resultinginserious
ropedamage. Refertothetableforestablishedguidelines.
Ifcoreprotrusionoccursbeyondtheouterstrands,orcore
retractionwithintheouterstrands,cuttheropeflushto
allowforproperseizingofboththecoreandouterstrands.
Intheabsenceofproperseizingwireortools,theuseof
sufficiently-sizedhoseclampsisacceptable.
Asimplemethodofdetermininghowawireropeshould
bestartedonadrumisshownintheabovediagram.The RopeDesign EndPreparation
observerstandsbehindthedrum,withtheropecoming
Allstandardpreformedwirerope6x26
towardshim. UsingtherighthandforRightLaywirerope, ReverseLay SingleSeizing
6-Pac,6-PacRV,Flex-X,Endurance
andthelefthandforLeftLaywirerope,theclenchedfist Dyform®6&8/8PI
denotesthedrum,theextendedindexfingertheoncoming
Allstandardnon-preformedwirerope
rope. 19x7&8x19ClassRotationResistant DoubleSeizing(FusedEnds
EnduranceConstructex® Recommended)
Triple-PAC,Endurance35x7®,Endurance
34LR/PI/MAX®
Seizing Wire Rope
SFP35 DoubleSeizingAND
SFP19,EnduranceDyform®18/18PI FusedEnds
Properseizingandcuttingoperationsarenotdifficultto
perform,andtheyensurethatthewireropewillmeetthe
user’sperformanceexpectations. Properseizingsmustbe Installation
appliedonbothsidesoftheplacewherethecutistobe
made. Inawirerope,carelesslyorinadequatelyseizedends
Themajorityofwireropeproblemsoccurringduring
maybecomedistortedandflattenedandthestrandsmay
operationactuallybeginduringinstallation,whentherope
loosen. Subsequently,whentheropeisoperated,theremay
isatgreatestriskofbeingdamaged. Properinstallation
beanunevendistributionofloadstothestrands;acondition
proceduresarevitalintheprotectionandperformanceof
thatwillsignificantlyshortenthelifeoftherope.
wireropeproducts.
Eitherofthefollowingseizingmethodsisacceptable. • ProvideProperStorage-AvoidDamageandMoisture
MethodNo.1isusuallyusedonwireropesover1”in
• ChecktheRopeDiameterPriortoInstallation
diameter.MethodNo.2appliestoropes1”andunder.
• UseProperUnreeling/UncoilingProcedures
MethodNo.1-Placeoneendoftheseizingwireinthe
• KeeptheWrapsTight
valleybetweentwostrands. Thenturnitslongendatright
anglestotheropeandcloselyandtightlywindthewireback • TreatRotation-ResistantRopeswithExtraCare
overitselfandtheropeuntiltheproperlengthofseizinghas
• SecuretheEndsBeforeCutting
beenapplied. Twistthetwoendsofthewiretogether,and
• UseaWireMeshGriporChineseFinger(toprevent
byalternatelypullingandtwisting,drawtheseizingtight.
torquefromtheoldrope,transferringtothenewrope)
• AlwaysPerformaBreak-InProceduretoMaximize
ServiceLife
• AvoidSlackintheRope
• SlowlyLiftorReleasetheLoad
• UsetheWireRopeONLYfortheJobitwas
Intended.
MethodNo.2-Twistthetwoendsoftheseizingwire
together,alternatelytwistingandpullinguntiltheproper • MaintainEquipment
tightnessisachieved.
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S 1 - W R & W R S 5
ECTION IRE OPE IRE OPE LINGS
Wire Rope Inspection
E
PS
OG
RN
RESLI
Themostwidelyusedwireropereplacement,inspection Corrosion-Corrosionisverydifficulttoevaluatebutisa WI&
andmaintenancestandardformobile-typecranesisASME moreseriouscauseofdegradationthanabrasion. Usually
B30.5,section5-2.4. Thefollowingisanexcerptfromthat signifyingalackoflubrication,corrosionwilloftenoccur
standard. internallybeforethereisanyvisibleexternalevidenceon
therope’ssurface. Aslightdiscolorationcausedbyrusting
Allrunningropesinserviceshouldbevisuallyinspected usuallyindicatesaneedforlubricationwhichshouldbe
onceeachworkingday. Avisualinspectionshallconsistof tendedtoimmediately. Ifthisconditionpersists,itwill
observationofallropewhichcanreasonablybeexpected leadtoseverecorrosionwhichpromotesprematurefatigue
tobeinuseduringtheday’soperations. Thesevisual failuresinthewiresandstrands,necessitatingtherope’s
observationsshouldbeconcernedwithdiscoveringgross immediateremovalfromservice.
damage,suchaslistedbelowwhichmaybeanimmediate
hazard: WireBreaks-Thetablebelowshowsthenumberof
allowablewirebreakspercranetype. Theinspector
[A] Distortionoftheropesuchaskinking,crushing,un-
mustknowtheASMEstandardfortheequipmentbeing
stranding,bird-caging,mainstranddisplacement,or
inspected. Thenumberofbrokenwiresontheoutsideof
coreprotrusion. Lossofropediameterinashortrope
thewireropeisanindicationofitsgeneralconditionand
lengthorunevennessofouterstrandsshouldprovide
whetherornotitmustbeconsideredforreplacement. The
evidencethattheropemustbereplaced.
inspectormayuseatypeofspiketogentlyprobethestrands
[B] Generalcorrosion foranywirebreaksthatdonotprotrude. Checkasthe
[C] Brokenorcutstrands roperunsataslowspeedoverthesheaves,wherecrown
(surface)wirebreaksmaybeeasiertosee. Alsoexamine
[D] Number,distribution,andtypeofvisiblebrokenwires
theropeneartheendconnections. Keepingadetailed
[E] Corefailureinrotationresistantropes: whensuch inspectionrecordofthewirebreaksandothertypesof
damageisdiscovered,theropeshallbeeitherremoved damagewillhelptheinspectordeterminetheelapsedtime
fromserviceorgivenaninspection(furtherdetailper betweenbreaks. Notetheareaofthebreaksandcarefully
S-2.4.2). inspecttheseareasinthefuture. Replacetheropewhenthe
wirebreaksreachthetotalnumberallowablebyASMEor
Thefrequencyofdetailedandthoroughinspectionsshould otherapplicablespecifications.
bedeterminedbyaqualifiedperson,whotakesintoaccount
thefollowingfactors: No.BrokenWires No.BrokenWires
inRunningRopes inStanding
in: Ropesin:
• Expectedropelifeasdeterminedbya)maintenance
ASME Equipment
One One One One
records,andb)experienceontheparticularinstallation Number
Rope Strandin Rope Strandin
orsimilarinstallations Lay OneRope Lay OneRope
Lay Lay
• Severityofenvironment
• Percentageofcapacitylifts B30.2 OverheadandGantryCranes 12* 4 N/A N/A
• Frequencyratesofoperation,andexposuretoshock B30.4 Portal,TowerandPillarCranes 6* 3 3* 2
loads Crawler,Locomotive&Truck
B30.5 6* 3 3* 2
Cranes
Inspecttheentirelengthoftherope. Someareasofthewire B30.6 Derricks 6* 3 3* 2
ropesuchasaroundthecorearemoredifficulttoinspect. B30.7 Base-MounteddrumHoists 6* 3 3* 2
Toinspectthecore,examinetheropeasitpassesoverthe
B30.8 FloatingCranes&Derricks 6* 3 3* 2
sheaves. Thestrandshaveatendencytoopenupslightly
A10.4 PersonnelHoists 6* 3 2* 2
whichwillaffordtheinspectorabetterviewofthecore.
A10.5 MaterialHoists 6* N/A N/A N/A
Alsoregularlyinspectforanyreductionindiameterand
lengtheningofropelayasbothconditionsindicatecore *AlsoremoveforONEvalleybreak. OSHArequiremonthlyrecordkeepingofwirerope
damage. conditions. NOTE:currentindustryrecommendationsandOSHAstandardsarebased
uponsteelsheaves. Themanufacturerofplasticandsyntheticsheavesorlinersshould
beconsultedforitsrecommendationonthesafeapplicationoftheproductandinspection
criteria.
Basic Guidelines
Abrasion-Abrasiondamagemayoccurwhentherope Otherthantheapplicationslistedabove,valleybreaksor
contactsanabrasivemediumorsimplywhenitpasses breaksinbetweenstrands,mustbetakenveryseriouslyat
overthedrumandsheaves. Thereforeitisvitalthat alltimes! Whentwoormorevalleybreaksarefoundin
allcomponentsbeinproperworkingorderandofthe onelay-length,immediatelyreplacetherope.
appropriatediameteroftherope. Abadlycorrugatedor
wornsheaveordrumwillseriouslydamageanewrope,
resultinginprematureropereplacement.
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6 SECTION 1 - WIRE ROPE & WIRE ROPE SLINGS
Valleybreaksaredifficulttosee;however,ifyouseeone HighStranding-Highstrandingmayoccurforanumber
youcanbeassuredthatthereareafewmorehiddeninthe ofreasonssuchasfailuretoproperlyseizetheropeprior
samearea. toinstallationormaintainseizingduringwedgesocket
installation. Sometimeswavyropeoccursduetokinks
Crownbreaksaresignsofnormaldeterioration,butvalley oraverytightgroovingproblem. Anotherpossibilityis
breaksindicateanabnormalconditionsuchasfatigueor simplyintroducingtorqueortwistintoanewropeduring
breakageofotherwiressuchasthoseinthecore. poorinstallationprocedures. Thisconditionrequiresthe
inspectortoevaluatethecontinueduseoftheropeor
Oncecrownandvalleybreaksappear,theirnumberwill
increasethefrequencyofinspection.
steadilyandquicklyincreaseastimegoeson. Thebroken
wiresshouldberemovedassoonaspossiblebybending
thebrokenwirebackandforthwithapairofpliers.Inthis
Inspection Guidelines - Specialty Ropes
waythewireismorelikelytobreakinsidetheropewhere
theendswillbetuckedaway. Ifthebrokenwiresarenot
Plastic-InfusedRope-Plastic-infusedropewasdeveloped
removedtheymaycausefurtherdamage.
toprovidebetterfatigue,abrasion,andcrushingresistance
derivedfromthecushioninganddampeningeffectofthe
Theinspectormustobeythebrokenwirestandard;pushing
plastic. Howevergreatthebenefits;theplasticbecomes,at
theropeformorelifewillcreateadangeroussituation.
theveryleast,aninconveniencewhentryingtoinspectthe
DiameterReduction-Diameterreductioniscritical wirerope. Becauseoftheplasticcoating,someoperators
deteriorationfactorandcanbecausedby: choosetoforegoinspectionandruntheropestofailure.
Otheroperatorsmayjustvisuallyinspecttheplasticcoating.
• Excessiveabrasionoftheoutsidewires
Bothpracticesarewrongandequallycarrythepotentialfor
• Lossofcorediameter/support disaster.
• Internalorexternalcorrosiondamage
AbrasionandCrushing-Wheninspectingplastic-infused
• Innerwirefailure
ropes,thebasicinspectionguidelinesstillapplyandshould
• Alengtheningofropelay
befollowed. Abrasionandcrushingdamagemaystilloccur,
Itisimportanttocheckandrecordanewrope’sactual soitisimperativetoinspectflanges,sheaves,bearings,
diameterwhenundernormalloadconditions. Duringthe rollers,andfairleads. Lookforunusualwearpatternsin
lifeoftheropetheinspectorshouldperiodicallymeasure theplastic-akeyindicatorthatdamagetothewireropeis
theactualdiameteroftheropeatthesamelocationunder occurring.
equivalentloadingconditions. Thisprocedure,iffollowed
WireBreaks-Wirebreakswillstilloccurinaplastic-
carefully,revealsacommonropecharacteristic-afteran
infusedropebutaresometimesextremelydifficulttodetect,
initialreduction,theoveralldiameterwillstabilizeand
thoughoccasionallyabrokenwirewillprotrudethrough
slowlydecreaseindiameterduringthecourseoftherope’s
theplastic. Everyeffortmustbemadetodeterminethe
life. Thisconditionisnormal. However,ifdiameter
overallconditionoftherope. Theplasticcoveringthe
reductionisisolatedtooneareaorhappensquickly,the
crown(surface)wiresisgenerallyappliedinathincoatand
inspectormustimmediatelydetermine(andcorrect,if
tendstowearquicklyinareaswhichpassoversheavesand
necessary)thecauseofthediameterlossandschedulethe
drums.Astheroperunsataslowspeed,inspecttheropein
ropeforreplacement.
theseareas. Astheropeandplasticopenup,theinspector
Crushing-Crushingorflatteningofthestrandscanbe willbeaffordedalookatnotonlythesurfaceareabutalso
causedbyanumberofdifferentfactors. Theseproblems theinter-strandcontactpoints. Ifavalleybreakisdetected,
usuallyoccuronmulti-layerspoolingconditionsbutcan immediatelypulltheropesfromservice. Alsoinspect
occurbysimplyusingthewrongwireropeconstruction. areaswhereplastichaspeeled,regardlessofthelocationof
Mostprematurecrushingand/orflatteningconditions the“window.” Removeasmuchplasticfromtheseareas
occurbecauseofimproperinstallationofthewirerope. In aspossibletoallowforefficientandeffectiveinspection
manycases,failuretoobtainaverytightfirstlayer(the techniques. Remember,duetothenatureofplastic-infused
foundation)willcauselooseor“gappy”conditionsinthe ropes,thereisnowaytoclearlydeterminethenumberof
wireropewhichwillcauserapiddeterioration. Failure valleybreaks.
toproperlybreak-inthenewrope,orworse,tohaveno
Corrosion-Plastic-infusedropesprovideonlyimproved
break-inprocedureatall,willcausesimilarpoorspooling
corrosionresistance. Regardlessofmanufacturers’claims,
conditions. Therefore,itisimperativethattheinspector
aplastic-infusedropecancorrodeandropefailuredueto
knowshowtoinspectthewireropeaswellashowthatrope
corrosionisstillpossible. Moistureissometimestrapped
wasinstalled.
intheropeand,aswithallmachines,thelubricantmay
ShockLoading-Shockloading(bird-caging)oftheropeis becomeineffectiveovertime. Theinspectormustvisually
anotherreasonforreplacementoftherope. Shockloading checkforanysignsofcorrosiondamageasevidencedby
iscausedbythesuddenreleaseoftensiononthewirerope ropebleedingorrouging. Inaddition,thediametermust
anditsresultantreboundfrombeingoverloaded. The befrequentlymeasured. Ifthereisanydamagetothecore,
damagethatoccurscanneverbecorrectedandtherope itwillbedetectedbyareductionindiameter. Alsoinspect
mustbereplaced. thelayoftherope. Astheplasticisthinneroverthecrown
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S 1 - W R & W R S 7
ECTION IRE OPE IRE OPE LINGS
wires,athoroughinspectionmaybeabletodetermine Overall,perhapsthemostimportantinspectiontechnique
E
alengtheningoflay,alsoasignofropedeterioration. isrecognizingthelimitsofwirerope. Whileit’struethat OPGS
Ewsaptcehcifaollryawndheinnstpreycintgarteoasdewtehremreintehelepnlgatshtiecnpinugllsofawlaay,y cnoemglpecatctaenddaanbdupselawstiilcl-sintiflulsqeudicrkolpyeesnadrethmeorroepdeu’sralibflee., RRESLIN
fromtherope. Whilepeeling,inandofitself,isnotan Thereisnosubstituteforproperinstallation,handling,and WI&
indicationofropedeteriorationandisafactorofnormal inspectiontechniquesincombinationwithapreventative
wear,peelinginareaswherenoabrasionexistsmaysignify maintenanceprogram.
aproblem.
MaintenanceRecords-Equallyimportantininspecting
plastic-infusedropesismaintainingaccurateservice
records.Theservicerecordsofpreviousropeswillprovidea
guidelineastotheexpectedlifeoftherope. However,they
shouldnotbeusedaloneoronlyinconjunctionwithvisual
inspectionsduetothenumberofvariableswhichexist,
includinginstallation,spoolingandmanufacturingpractices.
Maintenancerecordsmustbeusedincombinationwith
bothvisualandphysicalinspectiontechniquestobetrulyof
valueindeterminingtheremaininglifeoftherope.
CompactedRope-Die-drawnandswagedropesfall
intothecompactedcategory. Compactingservesseveral
purposes.Byflatteningtheouterwires,metallicarea
increasesallowingforahigherbreakingstrengthaswell
asimprovedcrushingandabrasionresistance. Inaddition,
thecompactionminimizesinter-strandnickingandthereby
improvesfatigueresistance.
Intheinspectionofcompactedropedesigns,againitis
imperativetofollowthebasicinspectionguidelinesanduse
bothvisualandactualmeasuringtechniquestodetermine
theremaininglifeoftherope. Infact,actualmeasuring
techniquesareveryimportantwheninspectingtheseropes.
Whilecorrosionisrelativelyeasytovisuallydetermine,
diameterreductionmaynotbeduetothecompactedrope’s
appearance. Thereforetheinspectormustregularlymeasure
fordiameterreductionandcloselyexaminetheropeforlay
lengthening. Measurementsmustberecordedandtherope
monitoredforsuddenvariations.
Byandlarge,themostdifficultretirementcriterionfor
compactedropesisdeterminingwirebreaks. Thesebreaks
maynotprotrudefromtheropeduetothecompactionand
canbeeasilyoverlooked.
Becauseofthis,theinspectormustslowlyandcarefully
examinetherope,especiallyinthoseareaspassingover
drumsandsheavesorinareaswhereproblemsexistedin
previousropes.
Awirebreakmayappearasnothingmorethanacrackinthe
wireand,again,canbeeasilyoverlooked. Iftheinspector
notesa“flaw”inawire,itshouldbecarefullychecked.
Theinspectorshouldcarrysometypeofmagnifyingdevice
todetermineifaflawisactuallyabreak. Ifabreakhas
occurred,thoroughlychecktheareaforadditionalbreaks,
bothonthecrownandinthevalleys. Remember,valley
breaksinroundstrandropesaredifficulttodetermine;
compactiononlyincreasesthedifficulty. Theinspectormust
beslowandmethodicalininspectingcompactedropes;a
quickcheckwillrevealnothing.
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8 SECTION 1 - WIRE ROPE & WIRE ROPE SLINGS
Troubleshooting Checklist
TENSIONBREAK
Wirebreakshowsoneendofbrokenwireconed,theother
cupped. Neckingdownofthebrokenendsistypicalofthis
typebreak. Wheretensionbreaksarefound,theropehas
beensubjectedtooverloading,eitherforitsoriginalstrength
(newrope)orforitsremainingstrengthinthecaseofaused
rope. Tensionbreaksarefrequentlycausedbythesudden
applicationofaloadtoaslackrope,therebysettingup
incalculableimpactstress.
Tension(Cone) Tension(Cup) Tension&Wear
ABRASIONBREAK
Wirebreakshowsbrokenendsworntoaknife-edge
thinness. Abrasivewearisobviouslyconcentratedatpoints
wheretheropecontactsanabrasivemedium,suchasthe
groovesofsheavesanddrumsorotherobjectswithwhich
theropecomesintocontact. Unwarrantedabrasivewear
indicatesimproperlygroovedsheavesanddrums,incorrect
fleetangle,orotherlocalizedabrasiveconditions.
Abrasion
FATIGUEBREAK
Wirebreaksareusuallytransverseorsquareshowing
granularstructure. Oftenthesebreakswilldevelopa
shatteredorjaggedfracture,dependingonthetypeof
operation. Wherefatiguebreaksoccur,theropehas
repeatedlybeenbentaroundtoosmallaradius. Whipping,
vibration,slapping,andtorsionalstresseswillalsocause
fatigue. Fatiguebreaksareacceleratedbyabrasionand
nicking. Fatigue Fatigue Fatigue&Wear Fatigue&Nicking
(JaggedType)
CORROSIONBREAK
Easilynotedbythewire’spittedsurface,wirebreaks
usuallyshowevidenceoftension,abrasion,and/orfatigue.
Corrosionusuallyindicatesimproperlubrication. The
extentofthedamagetotheinterioroftheropeisextremely
difficulttodetermine;consequentlycorrosionisoneofthe
mostdangerouscausesofropedeterioration.
Corrosion
CUTORSHEAR
Wirewillbepincheddownandcutatbrokenendsor
willshowevidenceofshear-likecut. Thisconditionis
evidenceofmechanicalabusecausedbyagentsoutsidethe
installation,orbysomethingabnormalontheinstallation
itself,suchasabrokenflange.
CutorShear
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