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41 Pages·2014·3.09 MB·English
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Gravitational dynamics with AMUSE Simon Portegies Zwart Sterrewacht Leiden Gravitational dynamics with AMUSE Simon Portegies Zwart Sterrewacht Leiden AMUSE  http://amusecode.org Layers having  ● Python Script different roles Manager Written in C/C++,  ● Particles Units Java Fortran and  Community module Python GD HD SE RT Parent­proxy pair MPI C/C++ code Fortran Code > from amuse.lab import * > bodies = Salpeter(N, Mmin, Mmax) Initialize > gravity = ph4() > gravity.add_particles(bodies) > gravity.evolve_model(t_end) Evolve > write_to_file(gravity, “bodies.hdf5”) Store data N­body algorithms Why N­body methods? • Free of assumptions • Allow one to study interesting problems • Physics is simple • Mathematics is simple  • Computational methods are complex • Methods are applicable in other disciplines (e.g.  plasma physics, molecular dynamics) 1643­1727 − r r n ∑ i j = G m m F i i j=1 j 3 ∣ ∣ − r r     i j How are these results  computed? Motion of individual particles given by Newton’s Laws Forces computed from Newton’s Law of Gravity “Just” have to solve two coupled ODEs, plus evaluate forces. Modeling Cluster Dynamics Continuum methods gas sphere  (Bettwieser & Sugimoto, Spurzem) direct Fokker­Planck (Cohn, Takahashi)   Particle methods N­body “brute force”(Aarseth; NBODY6++;  Starlab, pGC) Tree code (Barnes & Hut, Gadget) direct Monte­Carlo (Henon, Spitzer; Freitag,  Giersz, Heggie, Rasio) hybrid Monte­Carlo  (Giersz & Spurzem)

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Units. ○ Layers having different roles. ○ Written in C/C++,. Java Fortran and. Python . Cost of TreeForce( k, root ) = O(depth in QuadTree of leaf containing k).
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