ebook img

Double-Anchored Software Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks PDF

217 Pages·2011·5.72 MB·English
by  
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Double-Anchored Software Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks

Double-Anchored Software Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks Double-Anchored Software Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks vorgelegtvon Vlado Handziski (M.Sc. inElectricalEngineering) vonderFakultätIV ElektrotechnikundInformatik derTechnischenUniversitätBerlin zurErlangungdesakademischenGrades DoktorderIngenieurwissenschaften -Dr.Ing. - genehmigteDissertation Promotionsausschuss Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. AxelKüpper Gutachter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. AdamWolisz Gutachter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h. c. KurtRothermel TagderwissenschaftlichenAussprache: 07.03.2011 Berlin2011 D83 ©2010VladoHandziski ThisworkislicensedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NoDerivativeWorks3.0Unported License.Toviewacopyofthislicense,visithttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ Summaryofthelicense: Youarefreeto: Share: Tocopy,distributeandtransmitthework. Underthefollowingconditions: Attribution: Youmustattributetheworkinthemannerspecifiedbytheauthororlicensor(butnotin anywaythatsuggeststhattheyendorseyouoryouruseofthework). NoDerivativeWorks: Youmaynotalter,transform,orbuilduponthiswork. • Foranyreuseordistribution,youmustmakecleartoothersthelicensetermsofthiswork. Thebestwaytodothisiswithalinktothiswebpage. • Anyoftheaboveconditionscanbewaivedifyougetpermissionfromthecopyright holder. • Nothinginthislicenseimpairsorrestrictstheauthor’smoralrights. Yourfairuseandotherrightsareinnowayaffectedbytheabove. ToAni,ElenaandJan withallmylove! Contents Contents vii ListofFigures x ListofTables xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 WirelessSensorNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 SoftwareDesignChallenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Double-anchoredSoftwareArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.4 Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Background 9 2.1 HardwarePlatforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.1 GenericArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.1.2 TypicalRepresentatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.2 HardwareDesignTrends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2.1 LevelofReuseandIntegration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2.2 FeatureTrends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.2.3 SoftwareImpact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.3 PortabilityArchitectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.3.1 General-purposeandEmbeddedOperatingSystems . . . . . 35 2.3.2 WSNOperatingSystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.4 ProgrammingModels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.4.1 OverlayNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.4.2 ActiveNetworksandMobileAgents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 2.4.3 VirtualMachines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.4.4 Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.4.5 Publish/Subscribe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3 Double-anchoredSoftwareArchitecture 49 vii Contents 3.1 CostofAbstractionsandDecoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.2 Component-basedDevelopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3.3 Double-anchoredSoftwareArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.3.1 PortabilityAnchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.3.2 InteroperabilityAnchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.3.3 Configurability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.4 RelatedWork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4 PortabilityAnchor 59 4.1 DesignGoals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.2 VerticalDecomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.2.1 HardwarePresentationLayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.2.2 HardwareAbstractionLayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.2.3 HardwareInterfaceLayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 4.3 HorizontalDecomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4.3.1 ChipsandPlatforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 4.3.2 Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.4 ConcurrencyandPowerManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4.5 ImplementationinTinyOS2.x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4.5.1 GeneralFeaturesofTinyOS2.x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 4.5.2 PortabilityAnchor’sImplementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4.5.3 VerticalDecompositionExample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 4.5.4 HorizontalDecompositionExample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 4.6 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4.6.1 ComposingPortableApplications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4.6.2 VerticalDecompositionView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 4.6.3 HorizontalDecompositionView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 4.6.4 ControllingAbstractionCosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 4.6.5 Portability/FidelityTrade-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 5 InteroperabilityAnchor 103 5.1 DesignGoals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 5.2 NamingSchemeandServiceAPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 5.2.1 Attribute-basedNaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 5.2.2 DASANamingandServiceAPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 5.3 FunctionalDecomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 5.4 CommunicationDecoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 5.4.1 IntegratedCBPSRouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 5.4.2 DASARouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 5.5 TinyCOPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 5.5.1 PublishersandSubscribers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 5.5.2 BrokerandAttributeCollection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 5.5.3 Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 viii Contents 5.5.4 ProtocolComponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 5.5.5 ApplicationComposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 5.6 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 5.6.1 ResourceUsage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 5.6.2 DistributedTestingwithTWIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 5.7 RelatedWork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 5.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 6 DistributedTestingInfrastructure 129 6.1 DesignValidationandTesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 6.2 TWISTTestbedPlatform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 6.2.1 SensorNodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 6.2.2 TestbedSocketsandUSBCabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 6.2.3 USBHubs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 6.2.4 SuperNodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 6.2.5 TestbedServerandControlStation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 6.2.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 6.3 CONETTestbedFederationPlatform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 6.3.1 DesignPrinciples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 6.3.2 FunctionalDecomposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 6.3.3 RESTfulImplementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 6.3.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 6.4 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 6.4.1 TWISTinstanceatTKN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 6.4.2 Power-supplyControl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 6.4.3 TestbedPerformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 6.5 RelatedWork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 6.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 7 Conclusions 159 7.1 Double-anchoredSoftwareArchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 7.2 PortabilityAnchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 7.3 InteroperabilityAnchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 7.4 DistributedTestingInfrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 A HardwarePlatformsSurvey 163 A.1 SurveyedPlatforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 A.2 ProcessingElements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 A.3 Transceivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Publications 171 Bibliography 173 ix List of Figures 2.1 GenerichardwarearchitectureofaWSNnode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2 ArchitectureoftheTexasInstrumentsMSP430F161xMCUfamily. . . . . 12 2.3 TheSerialPeripheralInterface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.4 TopandbottomviewoftheeyesIFXv2.1board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.5 Overviewofthereleaseyearandthelevelofintegrationoftheplatforms coveredbyourhardwaresurvey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.6 LevelofreuseofCOTSchipsinthesurveyedplatformsample. Onlythe tenmostpopularprocessor/transceiverchipcombinationsareshown. . 27 2.7 Breakdownofplatformreleasesperyeardependingonthebit-widthof theCPU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.8 TrendsinthemaximalclockrateoftheCPUs,groupedbythebit-widthof thearchitecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.9 Trends in the core voltage of the processing elements, grouped by the bit-widthofthearchitecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.10 Trends in the available program memory of the processing elements, groupedbythebit-widthofthearchitecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.11 Trendsintheavailabledatamemoryoftheprocessingelements,grouped bythebit-widthofthearchitecture.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.12 Breakdownofplatformreleasesperyeardependingonthecommunica- tionstandardsupportedbythetransceiver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.13 Trendsinthemaximalcarrierfrequencybandsupportedbythetransceiver. 32 2.14 Trendsinthemaximaldataratesupportedbythetransceiver. . . . . . . 33 2.15 Trendsinthemaximalcurrentconsumptionofthetransceiver. . . . . . . 34 2.16 Thepublish/subscribeinteractionpattern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3.1 Component-basedsoftwaremodel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 3.2 EYESprotocolarchitecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 3.3 High-levelfunctionaldecompositionofDASA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.1 Verticaldecompositionoftheportabilityanchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 x

Description:
Mar 7, 2011 grouped by the bit-width of the architecture . 30 4.10 Platform- specific components for binding the cc2420 and msp430 chip.
See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.