Doping in Cycling: Interdisciplinary Perspectives

238 Pages·2018·2.627 MB·English

by  Bertrand Fincoeur, John Gleaves, Fabien Ohl

Doping in Cycling
Doping in Cycling: Interdisciplinary Perspectives provides an up-to-date overview of the knowledge about
doping and anti-doping in the sport that has dominated doping headlines for at least two decades. It critically
addresses overarching questions related to doping and anti-doping, and topical issues being raised in the
agenda of policy-makers at the global level.
The book features cross-disciplinary contributions from international leading scholars in sports sociology,
history, philosophy, psychology and criminology, and even beyond human and social sciences. Split into three
parts (the use and supply of doping products; threats on cycling and opportunities for anti-doping; and issues,
controversies, and stakes), it covers topics such as changing patterns of drug use in professional cycling, the
impact of scientific advances on doping in cycling, whether cycling teams can prevent doping, whistleblowing
on doping in cycling, and how to improve the credibility of the sport.
This is a vital resource for researchers, students, policy-makers, anti-doping organisations and sports
federations, and an important read for anyone involved in elite cycling.
Bertrand Fincoeur is Senior Researcher at the Institute of Sports Sciences at the University of Lausanne,
Switzerland.
John Gleaves is Associate Professor of Kinesiology at the California State University, Fullerton, USA.
Fabien Ohl is Full Professor of Sociology of Sport at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ethics and Sport
Series editors
Mike McNamee
University of Wales Swansea
Jim Parry
University of Leeds
The Ethics and Sport series aims to encourage critical reflection on the practice of sport, and to stimulate professional evaluation and
development. Each volume explores new work relating to philosophical ethics and the social and cultural study of ethical issues. Each is different
in scope, appeal, focus, and treatment but a balance is sought between local and international focus, perennial and contemporary issues, level of
audience, teaching and research application, and variety of practical concerns.
Recent titles include:
Body Ecology and Emersive Leisure
Edited by Bernard Andrieu, Jim Parry, Alessandro Porrovecchio and Olivier Sirost
Sport, Ethics and Philosophy
Edited by Mike McNamee
Philosophy and Nature Sports
Kevin Krein
Emotion in Sports
Philosophical Perspectives
Yunus Tuncel
Sport, Ethics, and Neurophilosophy
Jeffrey Fry and Mike McNamee
Doping in Cycling
Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Edited by Bertrand Fincoeur, John Gleaves and Fabien Ohl
For a complete series list please visit: www.routledge.com/Ethics-and-Sport/book-series/EANDS
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Doping in Cycling
Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Edited by Bertrand Fincoeur, John Gleaves and Fabien Ohl
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First published 2019
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2019 selection and editorial matter, Bertrand Fincoeur, John Gleaves and Fabien Ohl; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Bertrand Fincoeur, John Gleaves and Fabien Ohl to be identified as the authors of the editorial matter, and of the authors for their
individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other
means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record has been requested for this book
ISBN: 978-1-138-47790-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-351-10387-9 (ebk)
Typeset in Goudy
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
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Contents
List of figures
List of tables
List of contributors
Acknowledgements
Introduction
BERTRAND FINCOEUR, JOHN GLEAVES, AND FABIEN OHL
PART I
The use and supply of doping products
1 Assessing and explaining the doping prevalence in cycling
WERNER PITSCH
2 Changing patterns of drug use in professional cycling: implications for anti-doping policy
IVAN WADDINGTON
3 Substance use, anti-doping, and health in amateur cycling
APRIL HENNING
4 The impact of scientific advances on doping in cycling
REID AIKIN AND PIERRE-EDOUARD SOTTAS
5 Kicked out: how experts are being deterred from playing on the doping market
BERTRAND FINCOEUR
6 The peculiarities of the market for doping products and the role of academic physicians
LETIZIA PAOLI
PART II
Threats on cycling and opportunities for anti-doping
7 Doped humans and rigged bikes – and why we (wrongly) get more upset about the bikes
ASK VEST CHRISTIANSEN
8 Everyone was doing it: applying lessons from cycling’s EPO era
JOHN GLEAVES
9 Cycling teams preventing doping: can the fox guard the hen house?
FABIEN OHL
10 Blowing the whistle on doping in cycling
KELSEY ERICKSON
11 Performance data to improve cycling’s credibility?
RAPHAËL FAISS AND MARTIAL SAUGY
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12 What might a partially relaxed anti-doping regime in professional cycling look like?
BENGT KAYSER
PART III
Issues, controversies, and stakes
13 The decline of trust in British sport since the London Olympics: Team Sky’s fall from grace
PAUL DIMEO AND APRIL HENNING
14 Is Froome’s performance on the 2015 Tour de France credible? A sociological analysis of the construction of the performance’s
authenticity in cycling
FLORA PLASSARD AND LUCIE SCHOCH
15 The clean corrective: can thinking about clean cyclists enhance anti-doping?
MATT ENGLAR-CARLSON
16 What to do with the TUE process? Bradley Wiggins, therapeutic use, and data sharing: a critical analysis
ANDREW BLOODWORTH, LUKE COX, AND MICHAEL MCNAMEE
17 Doping relevance and the World Anti-Doping Code
MARJOLAINE VIRET
Index
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Figures
1.1 RRT with no-cheater detection
1.2 Distribution of the variable ‘talent’, indicating the individual performance potential at the age of maximum performance (26 years)
1.3 Levels of performance potential in the population by age
1.4 Cumulative utility from training
1.5 Simulated doping propensity by performance class at the amateur level
1.6 Simulated doping propensity for two tiers at the elite level (young adult high-performers)
1.7 Comparison of simulated results and empirical data
4.1 Annual ESA positives for three years before and after the implementation of the ABP
11.1 Relationship between training and performance (potentially altered by doping) with an unknown yet probable association of variables
measured during training and biomarkers of the Athlete’s Biological Passport
11.2 Illustration of different power meter brands in use by first division professional cycling teams in 2018 with principal characteristics
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Tables
1.1 Comparison of doping prevalence at different licence categories
6.1 Types of suppliers of doping products in Italy
8.1 Summary of WADA Anti-Doping Rule Violation Reports 2013–2015
8.2 Number of TUEs granted annually by the UCI
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Contributors
Reid Aikin manages the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) at the World Anti-Doping Agency. He has a BSc
in Biochemistry and PhD in Surgical Research from McGill University, followed by a postdoctoral
fellowship at the University of Nice. He is an avid cycling fan and has participated, albeit poorly, in regional
road and MTB events for over 20 years.
Andrew Bloodworth is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Sports and Exercise Science at Swansea University.
His research interests are in the field of applied ethics, related to sport policy and health. He has published
research exploring athletes’ attitudes toward doping, anti-doping policy, and eating disorders in elite sport.
Andrew is a fellow of the higher education academy, and has taught applied ethics in healthcare, as well as
in a sporting context.
Ask Vest Christiansen is an Associate Professor of sport science in the Department of Public Health at
Aarhus University (AU). He is the co-director of the International Network of Doping Research (INDR).
His research has followed two main branches: doping in elite sport and recreational athletes’ use of drugs in
fitness and strength training environments.
Luke Cox is a PhD student in the Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre within
the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences at Swansea University. His current work and PhD span the
realms of ethics, doping, anti-doping policy, and policy solutions.
Paul Dimeo is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport at the University of
Stirling. His main areas of research interest and expertise relate to drug use in sport and anti-doping policy.
He authored numerous publications on doping and anti-doping. Recently, he published The Anti-Doping
Crisis in Sport: Causes, Consequences, Solutions (with Verner Møller, 2018).
Matt Englar-Carlson is a Professor of Counselling and Director and Founder of the Center for Boys and
Men at California State University – Fullerton. His scholarly interest in sport focuses on how positive
psychology intersects with masculinity, including the application of strength-based approaches to
understanding how we view athletes, their behaviour, and how athletes themselves find positivity within
their sport.
Kelsey Erickson is a Senior Research Fellow in the Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure (ISPAL)
at Leeds Beckett University. Her expertise is in the psychology of drugs in sport and she is particularly
interested in developing an understanding of the psychosocial factors that influence performance-enhancing
drug use. Her research agenda also explores the issue of whistleblowing on doping and seeks to ascertain
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