Donald School Basic Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Donald School Basic Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Editor Badreldeen Ahmed Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Women’s Hospital Hamad Medical Corporation Doha, Qatar Co-editors Abdallah Adra Prenatal Diagnosis Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology American University of Beirut, Medical Center Beirut, Lebanon Zehra Nese Kavak Fetal Medicine Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Marmara University School of Medicine Istanbul, Turkey ® JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD New Delhi • Ahmedabad • Bengaluru • Chennai • Hyderabad • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai • Nagpur Published by Jitendar P Vij Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd B-3 EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002 India Phones: +91-11-23272143, +91-11-23272703, +91-11-23282021, +91-11-23245672 Rel: +91-11-32558559 Fax: +91-11-23276490 +91-11-23245683 e-mail: [email protected], Visit our website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Branches 2/B, Akruti Society, Jodhpur Gam Road Satellite, Ahmedabad 380 015 Phones: +91-79-26926233, Rel: +91-79-32988717, Fax: +91-79-26927094 e-mail: [email protected] 202 Batavia Chambers, 8 Kumara Krupa Road, Kumara Park East, Bengaluru 560 001 Phones: +91-80-22285971, +91-80-22382956, +91-80-22372664, Rel: +91-80-32714073 Fax: +91-80-22281761 e-mail: [email protected] 282 IIIrd Floor, Khaleel Shirazi Estate, Fountain Plaza, Pantheon Road, Chennai 600 008 Phones: +91-44-28193265, +91-44-28194897, Rel: +91-44-32972089 Fax: +91-44-28193231, e-mail:[email protected] 4-2-1067/1-3, 1st Floor, Balaji Building, Ramkote, Cross Road, Hyderabad 500 095 Phones: +91-40-66610020, +91-40-24758498, Rel: +91-40-32940929 Fax:+91-40-24758499, e-mail: [email protected] Kuruvi Building, 1st Floor, Plot/Door No. 41/3098, B & B1, St. Vincent Road Kochi 682 018 Kerala, Phones: +91-484-4036109, +91-484-2395739 Fax: +91-484-2395740, e-mail: [email protected] 1-A Indian Mirror Street, Wellington Square Kolkata 700 013 Phones: +91-33-22651926, +91-33-22276404, +91-33-22276415, Rel: +91-33-32901926 Fax: +91-33-22656075 e-mail: [email protected] Lekhraj Market III, B-2, Sector-4, Faizabad Road, Indira Nagar, Lucknow 226 016 Phones: +91-522-3040553, +91-522-3040554, e-mail: [email protected] 106 Amit Industrial Estate, 61 Dr SS Rao Road, Near MGM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400 012 Phones: +91-22-24124863, +91-22-24104532, Rel: +91-22-32926896 Fax: +91-22-24160828, e-mail: [email protected] “KAMALPUSHPA” 38, Reshimbag, Opp. Mohota Science College Umred Road, Nagpur 440 009 Phone: Rel: +91-712-3245220 Fax: +91-712-2704275 e-mail: [email protected] Donald School Basic Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology © 2008, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editors and the publisher. This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by contributors is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and editors will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only. First Edition: 2008 ISBN 978-81-8448-297-3 Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit Printed at Ajanta Offset To My Dear Mandy and Kareem Contributors Reem S. Abu-Rustum Tatjana Bozanovic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute for Obstetrics and Gynecology Nini Hospital, Tripoli, Lebanon Clinical Center of Serbia Belgrade Abdallah Adra Serbia Prenatal Diagnosis Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jasminka Brnjas-Kraljevic American University of Beirut Department of Physics and Biophysics Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon School of Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb Badreldeen Ahmed Croatia Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Women’s Hospital Jose M Carrera Hamad Medical Corporation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Doha, Qatar University Institute “Dexeus” Barcelona Aris J Antsaklis Spain 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Min Chen Hospital “Alexandra” Prenatal Diagnostic and Counseling Unit Athens Tsan Yuk Hospital Greece Hong Kong University Hong Kong Fausto Astudillo Davalos PR China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Institute Dexeus Frank A. Chervenak Barcelona Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Spain New York Weill Cornell Medical Center New York, USA Guillermo Azumendi Perez Unidad de Ecografía Obstetrica y George Daskalakis Diagnostico Prenatal 1st Department of Obstetrics and Centro Gutenberg Gynecology Malaga Hospital “Alexandra” Spain Athens, Greece Alin Basgul Yigiter Marko Dosen Fetal Medicine Unit Department of Reproductive Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Gynecologic Endocrinology Marmara University School of Medicine Maribor University Clinical Center Istanbul, Turkey Maribor, Slovenia viii Basic Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology Tao Duan Ingrid Marton Shanghai 1st Maternity and Infant Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tongji University Sveti Duh Hospital Shanghai, PR China Zagreb, Croatia Biserka Funduk-Kurjak Gianpaolo Maso Modern Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Zagreb, Croatia Istituto per l’Infanzia - I.R.C.C.S - ”Burlo Garofolo” Robin B Kalish Trieste Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Weill Medical College of Cornell University Berivoj Miskovic New York Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology USA Sveti Duh Hospital Zagreb Zehra Nese Kavak Croatia Fetal Medicine Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nicolas Papantoniou Marmara University School of Medicine 1st Department of Obstetrics and Istanbul Gynecology Turkey Hospital “Alexandra” Athens, Greece Asim Kurjak Department of Obstetrics and Sejfulah Perva Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Women’s Hospital Zagreb Hamad Medical Corporation Croatia Doha, Qatar Aleksandar Ljubic Ritsuko K Pooh Institute for Obstetrics and Gynecology CRIFM Clinical Research Institute of Clinical Center of Serbia Fetal Medicine PMC Belgrade Osaka Serbia Japan Kazuo Maeda Mladen Predanic Professor Emeritus Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tottori University School of Medicine Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, and Yonago Weill Medical College of Cornell Japan University New York, USA Giampaolo Mandruzzato Professor Emeritus MAngeles Rodriguez Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Istituto per l’Infanzia - I.R.C.C.S - ”Burlo University Institute Dexeus Garofolo” Barcelona Trieste, Italy Spain Contributors ix Elena Scazzocchio Veljko Vlaisavljevic Department of Obstetrics and Maribor University Clinical Center Gynecology Department of Reproductive Medicine University Institute Dexeus and Gynecologic Endocrinology Barcelona, Spain Maribor, Slovenia Milan Stanojevic Moayyad Younis Neonatology Department of Obstetrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Gynecology Women’s Hospital Sveti Duh Hospital Hamad Medical Corporation Zagreb, Croatia Doha, Qatar Gino Varga Ivica Zalud Polyclinic Nemetova OB/GYN Imaging Division Zagreb, Croatia Department of OB/GYN and Women’s Health Zoran Vilendecic John A Burns School of Medicine Institute for Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Hawaii Clinical Center of Serbia Honolulu, Hawaii Belgrade, Serbia USA