DOMESTIC ABUSE AND SEXUAL VIOLENCE A needs assessment

158 Pages·2016·2.6 MB·English

DOMESTIC ABUSE AND SEXUAL
VIOLENCE
A needs assessment for Cornwall
and the Isles of Scilly
Version 3.4 25 November 2015
Amethyst Community Safety Intelligence Team
1
Acknowledgements

Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence Needs Assessment prepared by:

Amethyst Community Safety Intelligence Team, Cornwall Council
 With support from Safer Cornwall thematic specialists, domestic abuse and
sexual violence service providers and service users

We would like to thank the following agencies, partnerships and organisations who
also provided data, material and/or comment on this profile’s content and supported
us in its production:

 Cornwall Council: Community Safety Team, including the Drug and Alcohol
Action Team
 Cornwall Council: Education, Health and Social Care, including the Youth
Offending Service and Public Health
 Devon and Cornwall Police, with particular thanks to our local performance
analyst, central strategic analysts and data services
 Peninsula Crime Analysts’ Network
 Dorset, Devon and Cornwall Community Rehabilitation Company
 National Probation Service (South West Division)
 Emergency Department, Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust
 Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence Service Providers’ Delivery Group and
service users
 All stakeholders responding to our consultation questionnaire

Safer Cornwall Strategic Assessment 2015/16 2
NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED
Contents

INTRODUCTION 5
The delivery landscape 6
Cornwall, a brief description… 7
1: KEY MESSAGES 15
2: ANALYSIS 21
Domestic abuse 22
Prevalence and trends 22
Victims 27
Forced marriage and Honour Based Violence 42
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) 46
Perpetrators 48
Criminal Justice Response 51
Domestic Homicide Reviews 61
Sexual Violence 63
Prevalence and trends 63
Victims 66
Modern Slavery: Sex trafficking and exploitation 74
Perpetrators 79
Criminal Justice Response 81
Complex needs 84
Identifying Complexity: high risk locations 84
Together for Families 88
3: SERVICE MAP AND GAP ANALYSIS 91
Victim Services 92
Perpetrator Services 104
Consultation with service users, providers and stakeholders 108
WHAT WORKS 113
Prevention 113
Child sexual exploitation 124
Support for victims 128
Working with perpetrators 133
Complex needs 138
4: NATIONAL CONTEXT 143
5: APPENDICES 153
Notes on the data 154
Further reading 155
Glossary 156
Safer Cornwall Strategic Assessment 2015/16 3
NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED
What is Safer Cornwall?
Safer Cornwall is the community safety partnership for Cornwall.

We are made up of statutory organisations (referred to as responsible authorities)
and a wide range of other public sector, voluntary, community and private
organisations. The responsible authorities are Cornwall Council, Devon and Cornwall
Police, Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service, National Probation Service, Dorset, Devon
& Cornwall Community Rehabilitation Company and NHS Kernow.

We have a responsibility to work together to do all that we can to reduce crime and
disorder, anti-social behaviour, problem use of drugs and alcohol and re-offending.

Achieving safer communities depends on everyone working together to find local
solutions to local problems.

What do we do?
Safer Cornwall supports and co-ordinates the work of all the partners across
Cornwall through:

 Producing an annual strategic assessment to identify community safety
priorities across Cornwall and set objectives;
 Developing a three year Partnership Plan, refreshed annually, to co-ordinate
activities to address the community safety priorities across Cornwall;
 Monitoring delivery against our objectives and driving good performance
through targeting resources to deliver efficient and effective outcomes for
everyone who lives, visits and works in Cornwall.

Our priorities
Safer Cornwall are adopting two priorities for 2016-2019, based on the evidence
of risk and harm identified by our Strategic Threat and Risk Assessment matrix

These are:
 Domestic abuse and sexual violence and
 Alcohol-related harm

In addition we recognise the following as key focus areas for delivery, placing
high importance on providing effective, innovative and improving services:

 Drugs, supported by the merger of the DAAT Board and Safer Cornwall
 Anti-Social Behaviour

We are reconfirming our commitment to develop and deliver a strategy to reduce
reoffending, in recognition that tackling reoffending underpins all of the work of
the Partnership and is at the heart of reducing crime effectively and sustainably.

Safer Cornwall Strategic Assessment 2015/16 4
NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED
INTRODUCTION
Aims and objectives
The overarching aim of this needs assessment is to examine, as systematically as
possible, what the relative needs and harms are for people affected by domestic
abuse and sexual violence and to establish whether current responses are meeting
these needs. The impact of this document should be two-fold:
1. To underpin the next round of commissioning of domestic abuse and sexual
violence services and inform commissioning decisions in other areas that impact
on this area of work;
2. To influence how organisations respond to domestic abuse and sexual violence
and their development of policy and practice.

This will be achieved through review of the evidence base and consideration of the
following questions:

 How many people are at risk of domestic abuse and sexual violence each year
in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly?
 What is the impact of domestic abuse and sexual violence on victims,
perpetrators, their families and children?
 What behaviours or other factors are associated with domestic abuse and
sexual violence?
 What services exist and how does demand vary for services aimed at
helping people experiencing domestic abuse and sexual violence?
 Are there gaps in provision leading to residual need?
 What evidence based services and interventions exist to support primary
and secondary prevention of domestic abuse and sexual violence?

This will provide a shared understanding by the partnership of the local need for
services, which then informs service planning and resource allocation, enabling
victims, perpetrators, their families and children to have their needs met more
effectively, and ultimately benefiting the communities in which they live.

Finding your way around
The evidence base contains information to help focus the activity tackling the risk
factors identified, clearly sectioned to enable readers to find the most relevant
material for their needs.

 Section 1 ‘Key Messages’ contains the Executive Summary and Quick Facts;
 Section 2 ‘Analysis’ is presented as three subject areas – domestic abuse,
sexual violence and complex needs. It contains the detailed findings of
analysis and research into patterns and trends, victims and perpetrators and
examines the criminal justice response;
 Section 3 ‘Service Map and Gap Analysis’ maps out existing services,
examines their current activity and performance and presents the findings of
best practice research;
 Section 4 ‘National Context’ describes the range of national policies,
legislation and guidance that impacts on this area of work and the
development and implementation of the new strategy;
 The document closes with some useful reference notes in the Appendices,
including a list of further reading and a glossary.
Safer Cornwall Strategic Assessment 2015/16 5
NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED
The delivery landscape
Over recent years, changing national priorities, driven by a new government,
evolving legislation, and the economic downturn have impacted partnerships and
their delivery environment. This evolution is set to continue, with the following
factors having an impact on the Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence Strategy:

Cross–Government definition of Cornwall Devolution Deal and

domestic abuse expanded to delivery of the Case for Cornwall:

include 16/17 year olds £5bn of devolved government

funding with one of the key

development areas being an

Introduction of specific criminal integrated health and social

offences for stalking and care system.

coercive control; new measures

to tackle Female Genital
Increasing threat presented by
Mutilation, including a £1.4m
on-line environments as
national Prevention Programme
locations for crime, with particular
risks relating to grooming and
The transition of the majority of sexual exploitation of children.

offender management services

to the private sector, alongside a
Introduction of new Domestic
much smaller public sector
Violence Protection Orders and
Probation service, requires
the Domestic Violence Disclosure
partners to rethink how we work
together to reduce reoffending Scheme (known as Claire’s Law).

Additional demands on local
The devolution of nationally partnerships to respond to the new
commissioned victim support Serious Organised Crime Local
services and the reallocation of Profiles, encompassing 8 new
funding to the Police and Crime themes; the first two are Child
Commissioners to commission Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
effective support services for and Modern Slavery
victims of crime

Together for Families (Troubled

Wider use of Restorative Justice Families’) Programme transition

processes which will bring those into Phase 2, broadening the

harmed by crime or conflict, and eligibility criteria and significantly

those responsible for the harm, into increasing the number of eligible

communication, enabling everyone families. The programme is

affected to play a part in repairing expected to have a strong focus

the harm and finding a positive way on identifying and tackling

forward domestic abuse.

The Care Act 2014 regulates the reforming of care and support in order to

achieve the aspirations of the White Paper, “Caring For Our Future”. A key

element of the Bill is the introduction of personalised budgets; whilst this

allows people greater control over their care, there is a potential risk for
vulnerable people to be financially exploited through direct payments
Safer Cornwall Strategic Assessment 2015/16 6
NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED
Cornwall, a brief description…
Cornwall is the second largest local authority area in the South West, covering an
area of 3,559 km2, and has the longest coastline of all English counties at 697 km. It is
an area of many contrasts; with varied landscapes including remote rural, coastal and
environmentally sensitive areas, interspersed with villages and historic market towns;
where affluence sits alongside some of the most disadvantaged areas in England

Cornwall’s population is growing Deprivation is a persistent
but growth isn’t consistent across
problem - Cornwall as a whole is not
all areas of Cornwall
deprived but there are areas where
 Cornwall’s population is 545,3351, there are very high levels of
20% are under 18, 56% aged 19-64 deprivation and this has not changed
and 24% are 65 and over for some years

 Cornwall has a dispersed settlement
 Around 68,600 people (12.7% of
pattern with over 40% of the
the population of Cornwall) live in
population living in settlements of
less than 3,000 pe ople3 the 20% most ‘deprived’
communities in England.4 This
 Our has a population density is one
equates to approximately 34,400
of the lowest in the England at 1.5
households
persons per hectare
 Latest Government projections2  15.9% of children in Cornwall live
in low income families5
indicate that, the population is likely
 Hidden rural deprivation is not
to reach 640,200 in 2037, an
identified by national measures due
increase of over 94,800 (17%) over
to the dispersed nature of rural
22 years
 In-migration is predominately for
economic and lifestyle reasons, Health inequalities continue in
not retirement purposes areas of deprivation - higher rates of
obesity, teenage pregnancy and levels
Housing need in Cornwall is high of sickness and disability benefit
with housing unaffordable for many claimants are closely linked to areas
where there is known inequality.
 Cornwall has over 230,400
households6 with an average
 Average life expectancy
household size of 2.27
continues to be generally higher
 Around 55% are couples living
than the national average
together and 30% are households
 One in ten residents (53,166
with only one person. The rest are
people) say their day to day
single-parent families (9%) or
activities are ‘limited a lot’ due
people living in shared
to a long term health problem or
accommodation (6%)7
being disabled7
 8,800 live in communal
 More than one in ten residents
establishments (1.7%)7
(63,192 people, 11.9%) provide
 In 2014 the average price of a
unpaid care to a family member,
property in Cornwall was £194,000,
friend or neighbour7
over 10 times the average
 13.1% of people in Cornwall and
income (median) of £18,3548. The
Isles of Scilly suffer
Cornwall average does however,
fromdepression, higher than both
mask large variations across
the South West and England rates
communities
(12.8% and 11.7%)
 Cornwall Homechoice Register
 Cancer, respiratory disease,
sees around 9,000 new
musculo-skeletal problems and
registrations per year, indicating
cardiovascular disease cause the
increasing demand9
majority of deaths in Cornwall
 Cornwall has one of the highest
 7,002 people admitted to
rates in the country of rough
hospital for alcohol-related
sleeping per head of population9
conditions / 1,218 per 100,000
 In 2013 approximately 34,998
population (2013/14)11
Safer Cornwall Strategic Assessment 2015/16 7
NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED
 Cornwall has a diverse maritime
Cornwall’s environmental assets are
environment and has a number of
extremely valuable - and are a key
nature and landscape conservation
contributor to the economy and quality of life.
area designations
 Emissions from housing and  30% of Cornwall is within an Area of 
transport account for over 60% of Outstanding Natural Beauty
C0 emissions12 – 33% is from  Cornwall has the largest World
2
domestic fuel consumption (electricity, Heritage Site in UK
gas and other fuels) and over a  28,000 households have been
quarter (29%) by transport assessed as at risk from flooding

Strengthening Cornwall’s economy Crime in Cornwall is generally low
is an ongoing challenge – low and is a safe place in which to live
economic output (per capita), low wages, and work – despite rises in some
low productivity, a lack of big companies areas, crime in Cornwall continues to
have been persistent challenges be low, although fear of crime remains
an issue.
 Cornwall has low numbers of
people without qualifications13
 Cornwall experiences seasonal
(6%), low numbers (but growing)
fluctuations in crime with more
with high level qualifications13 (33%
offences in the summer months and
with NVQ4 and above) and high fewer in winter17
levels of part-time
 Violence (including Domestic Abuse
employment14 (31%)
crimes) and Sexual Offences are
 13.3% of residents aged 16-64
higher than other similar areas and
(43,110 people) were claiming
increasing. Consequences of
key out of work benefits
these crimes are far-reaching
compared with 12.1% in England and long-lasting17
and 10.9% in the South West15
 Overall 16% of crime is recorded as
 Businesses in Cornwall are alcohol related17
smaller in terms of employee
 Each year the fire and rescue
numbers than the national average;
service respond to more than 5,600
97% were small or micro level, emergency calls18
employing less than ten people in
 In 2014 there were 1,309 road
201516 traffic injury collisions in Cornwall19
 23% in employment are self-
employed; above the national
average (14%)13
Cornwall’s geographical shape and position make infrastructure delivery
challenging – dispersed and sparsely populated settlement pattern combined with our
coastline present issues of accessibility and challenges for equal provision of services
 Car ownership in Cornwall is not a sign of wealth – high proportions of car
ownership reflects Cornwall’s rural nature where conventional public transport is
often not viable. Over 68% of cars in Cornwall are over 6 years old20 reflecting
the fact that for many the car is an expensive necessity rather than a luxury.
 17.3% of households do not have access to a car7
 64% of people in employment travel to work by car, 3% use public transport7
Kindly reproduced from Cornwall’s Joint Strategic Needs Assessment. For further
information see http://www.cornwall.gov.uk/jsna
References: 1. 2014 Mid Year Population Estimates, ONS, 2. 2012 based population projections, ONS, 3. Mid-2014 Population
Estimates for Census Output Areas, ONS, 4. Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2015, DCLG, 5. Personal tax credits: Children in low-
income families’ local measure: 2013 snapshot as at 31 August 2013, HMRC, 6. Council Tax Database, Cornwall Council, Sept 2015
7. 2011 Census, ONS, 8. Housing Statistics Portal, Housing Summary Measures, 5 Aug 2015, ONS 9. Cornwall Strategic Housing
Framework, Evidence base, 06 March 2014. 10. 2013 sub-regional fuel poverty data: low income high costs indicator, DECC 11.
Local Alcohol Profiles for England, PHE, June 2015 12.UK local authority and regional carbon dioxide emissions national statistics:
2005-2013, DECC 13. ONS Annual Population Survey, Jan 2014- Dec 2014 14. ONS Annual Population Survey, Jan 2014- Dec 2014
15. Benefit claimants - working age client group, February 2015, ONS Crown Copyright Reserved [from Nomis on 21 October 2015]
16. Inter Departmental Business Register (ONS), UK Business Counts 2015, workplaces, 17. Safer Cornwall Strategic Assessment
18. Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service, Risk Based Evidence Profile, 2014 19. Road Safety – Accidents 2014, DFT 20. Vehicles
licensed by body type in Cornwall Unitary Authority as at 30 June 2015, DFT
Safer Cornwall Strategic Assessment 2015/16 8
NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED
Overarching National Framework
Domestic Abuse & Sexual Violence
Strategy 2010 “Call to End Violence against Women and Girls”
In November 2010, the Home Office published its cross-government strategy for
tackling violence against women and girls (including domestic abuse); Call to End
Violence Against Women and Girls (CEVAWG). The Home Office stated the four key
areas of focus for the strategy were; the prevention of violence, the provision
of support, working in partnership, and reducing risk by ensuring
perpetrators are brought to justice. Shortly after, the Home Office published an
accompanying action plan, which has been updated every year since.

The CEVAWG strategy and subsequent action plans sets out the government
approach and framework and provides a strategic direction for local areas. It is
important that local areas are able to work together to develop an approach that
addresses their local needs in order to optimise their existing services.

The 2014 action plan focuses on the following areas:

 Early intervention; this is recognised as crucial to prevent and stop the
escalation of abuse. School are seen to play a vital role in education and
safeguarding as well as ensuring support can be attained in the workplace. While
the long term goal is a change in attitudes towards violence against women and
girls, it also aims to ensure the criminal response to perpetrators is robust and
that programmes are available which actually change offending behaviour;
 Supporting effective local approaches; the government remains committed
to devolving power, resources and accountability to local areas and identifies
ways in which it will support the transition to a more localised commissioning
landscape, with a specific focus on supporting the voluntary sector to develop
capacity and expertise to be successful in a competitive commissioning
environment;
 Driving a culture change; the government aim to develop and promote a clear
set of leadership behaviours applicable to police, children’s and adult services,
and health professionals to ensure professionals are accountable, guidance is
taken seriously and implemented, and that consistent messages are in place
around what outcomes we expect to see for victims;
 Join up with other government programmes; the government aim to ensure
key programmes to tackle violence are working in collaboratively and
complementing each other;
 Better outcomes and data; the action plan sets out steps to develop the
evidence base on different forms of violence against women and girls to help
inform targeted and innovative approaches;
 Review; clear outcomes under the four strands of the strategy have been
outlined in order for local areas to determine whether work is having a real
impact for victims.

What is evident from this national strategy is the lack of reference to male victims
of domestic abuse and sexual violence. The current strategy for Cornwall and the
Isles of Scilly does include men and examines the need and evidence of
effectiveness for services for both men and women.
9
Locally, we will continue to align our responses with the 4 underpinning CEVAWG
principles and areas of focus but widen their application to include the call to end
domestic abuse and sexual violence against ALL, which includes men, women, boys
and girls of all ages.

In adopting this inclusive position, the local Strategy is not failing to recognise
evidence that supports that domestic abuse and sexual violence is predominately
subjected by male perpetrators on female victims or that women experience
significantly higher levels of severe and dangerous violence and are more likely, for
example, to experience repeat victimisation or post-separation violence, stalking
and intimidation. Instead, in adopting this inclusive position we are succeeding in
progressing towards a zero tolerance for all abuse.

Other national context
Further guidance for both domestic abuse and sexual violence will be discussed in
more detail in subsequent sections and includes the following:

 National Troubled Families Programme
 NHS Outcomes Framework
 Welfare Reform
 Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme – “Clare’s Law”
 Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004
 Children’s Act 2004
 HMIC inspection 2014 “Everyone’s business: Improving the police
response to domestic abuse”
 DFID guidance 2015: Addressing violence against women and girls in
health programming
 WHO Resolution on Violence against Women 2014 - World Health
Assembly
 NICE guidance 2014 “Domestic violence and abuse: how health services,
social care and the organisations they work with can respond effectively”
 Department of Health “Commissioning services for women and children who
experience domestic violence or abuse – a guide for health
commissioners”
 Maribel Project
 Securing Excellence in Commissioning Sexual Assault Services for
People who Experience Sexual Violence (2013)
 NHS England 2015: Commissioning Framework for Adult and Paediatric
Sexual Assault Referral Centres (SARC) Services
 HM Government 2015 “Working together to safeguard children: A guide
to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children”
 All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) 2015 “Conception to age 2: First
1001 days”
 Ofsted 2014: The sexual exploitation of children: It couldn’t happenhere,
could it?
 HM Government 2010 “The right to choose – multi-agency statutory
guidance for dealing with forced marriage”
 National Security Strategy and response to Serious and Organised Crime
Local Profiles
 Modern Slavery Act 2015

Safer Cornwall DASV Needs Assessment 2015/16 10
NOT PROTECTIVELY MARKED