Dog Parasites Endangering Human Health PDF
Preview Dog Parasites Endangering Human Health
Parasitology Research Monographs 13 Christina Strube Heinz Mehlhorn Editors Dog Parasites Endangering Human Health Parasitology Research Monographs Volume 13 SeriesEditor HeinzMehlhorn DepartmentofParasitology HeinrichHeineUniversity Düsseldorf Germany This book series “Parasitology Research Monographs” presents carefully refereed volumes on selected parasitological topics. Parasites have an increasing impact on animalandhumanhealthinthepresenttimesofglobalizationandglobalwarming. Parasites may be agents of diseases and- often at the same time- vectors of other agents of disease such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and/or worms. The growth in knowledge of parasitic physiology, cell structure, biotechnological and genetic approaches, ecology, therapeutic capabilities, vaccination, immunology, diagnosis,transmissionpathwaysandmanyotheraspectsofparasitologyisincreas- ingdramatically,eveninthefaceofthebreakthroughsthathavealreadybeenmade. Reflectingthesemostrecentachievementsandtheimportanceofparasitesasathreat tohumanandanimalhealth,theseries’broadscopeconcentratesonparticularlyhot topics that were recently covered by review articles in the journal “Parasitology Research”orinotherjournals.Thesereviewsoffercompactbutintenseinsightsinto the ongoing research and into the methods and technologies used to control para- sites. The volumes in the series build on these topics, and the volume editors are well-knownexpertsintheirrespectivefields.Eachvolumeoffers10to20compre- hensivereviewscoveringallrelevantaspectsofthetopicinfocus. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/8816 (cid:129) Christina Strube Heinz Mehlhorn Editors Dog Parasites Endangering Human Health Editors ChristinaStrube HeinzMehlhorn InstituteforParasitology,Centrefor DepartmentofParasitology InfectionMedicine HeinrichHeineUniversity UniversityofVeterinaryMedicine Düsseldorf,Nordrhein-Westfalen,Germany Hannover Hannover,Niedersachsen,Germany ISSN2192-3671 ISSN2192-368X (electronic) ParasitologyResearchMonographs ISBN978-3-030-53229-1 ISBN978-3-030-53230-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53230-7 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Peculiar rapture animals—later called dogs (Canidae)—accompanied the various waves of “early humans” leaving the “paradise” in the African Rift Valley region and wandering together from there to the top ends of the continents of our times. While at first some of these dog precursors benefited from feeding on the food remnants of the early humans, mankind later benefited from round-the-clock pres- enceofthesedogs,whichhelpedthemtohuntanimalsandtoprotecttheirfamilies from aggressive, free-roaming animals like the precursors of the lions of our days andotherrelatedcarnivores. However, since the times of the early humans and dog precursors, host-specific parasiteslikecestodesandtrematodeshavedevelopedconstantlyatthesametimeas their peculiarlife cycles. Thus,it isnot astonishing that during the long periods of commonco-evolutionanumberofdogparasitesalsobecameabletoinfecthumans or that parasitic cycles have even been developed between both humans and dogs andtheirrelatedparasites. This book offers insights into the recent status of some important worldwide spreadofdogparasitesbelongingtoprotozoansandhelminthswhicharetransmitted eitherviafecallycontaminatedfoodorbybloodsuckinginsectsandticks. Inthisbook,12internationallyrenownedgroupsofscientists—belongingtothe fieldsofhumanandanimalparasitologyaswellastothedifferentfieldsofbiology— contributedpeculiarinsightsintotheimportantdogparasitesbasedontheirknowl- edgeobtainedduringlongperiodsofresearchinthesefields. Hannover,Germany ChristinaStrube Düsseldorf,Germany HeinzMehlhorn v Contents 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 HeinzMehlhornandChristinaStrube 2 TheZoonoticDogRoundwormToxocaracanis,aWorldwide BurdenofPublicHealth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 PatrickWaindok,Marie-KristinRaulf,AndreaSpringer, andChristinaStrube 3 CanineLeishmaniosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 GadBaneth 4 TheChallengeswithCanineGiardia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 DwightD.Bowman 5 DogsandTheirRoleintheEco-epidemiologyofChagas Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 RicardoE.GürtlerandMartaV.Cardinal 6 EchinococcusSpecies:TinyTapeworms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 HeinzMehlhorn 7 AnUpdateontheStatusofHydatidosis/Echinococcosisin DomesticAnimals,WildlifeandHumansinAustralia. . . . . . . . . . . 123 DavidJ.Jenkins 8 Dipylidiumcaninum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 HeinzMehlhorn 9 AncylostomacaninumandOtherCanineHookworms. . . . . . . . . . . 147 JohnM.HawdonandKiraA.Wise 10 Strongyloidiasis:ReallyaZoonosis?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 AdrianStreit vii viii Contents 11 Dirofilariaspp.DoTheyGetUnderYourSkin (OrintoYourHeart)?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 AliceVismarra,MarcoGenchi,ChiaraCattabiani,andLauraKramer 12 GuineaWormInfectioninDogs:ACaseofReverseZoonosis thatImpedesDracunculusmedinensisEradication. . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 M.TeresaGalán-Puchades 13 Ticks,Dogs,andHumans:AnEndangeredCommunity. . . . . . . . . 261 HeinzMehlhorn 14 TrematodesAttackingDogsandHumans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 HeinzMehlhorn Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 About the Editors Christina Strube is a full professor of veterinary par- asitologyattheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineHan- nover (Germany), where she teaches parasitology coursesandsupervisesPhD students. Shehasauthored morethan130peer-reviewedpublicationsandreceived three awards in the field of veterinary medicine for her outstanding research work. Her main research interests include the One Health topics “zoonotic parasites” and “tick-borne diseases,” as well as the epidemiology of parasiticinfectionsinpets,livestock,andwildlife. Heinz Mehlhorn studied at the Rheinische Friedrich- WilhelmsUniversityofBonn(Germany).Hewaschair- man of the parasitological institutes in Düsseldorf and Bochum.AsaformerpresidentoftheWorldSocietyof Protozoologyandlong-standingmemberofthesteering committee of the World Society of Parasitologists, he runs ongoing lectures in parasitology in several coun- tries and still teaches courses for medical students in Düsseldorf. He has published 42 books on parasitolog- icalproblemsinGerman,French,English,andSpanish. Heholdsthepatentson12antiparasiticdrugs,whichare the basis of products sold by the university spin-off company Alpha-Biocare GmbH (Neuss, Germany), which produces medications, repellents, and wound careproductsforhumansandanimals. ix Chapter 1 Introduction HeinzMehlhornandChristinaStrube Abstract Dogs are attendants of humans for thousands of years and have today even closer contacts as pet animals than they had in the past, when dogs just protectedhumansandtheirhomesandhelpedtohuntanimals.Duringthesepassed timesthecontactsbetweendogsandhumanshadbeenmuchlesscloserthanthoseof ourdays.Thus,todayseveraldogparasitesmayendangerseverelyhealthofhumans. The present book describes in 14 chapters the most important parasites of dogs, which also may harm humans. Thus, this book helps to protect the community of dogsandhumans. Keywords Canislupusfamiliaris·Wolves·Autosomes·Chromosomes 1.1 Dogs: The Longtime Faithful Companions of Mankind I.Abilities The domestication of the recent dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) started around 100,000 years BC spreading from wolves of these days. Due to their abilities to adapt to the needs in the human world the dogs reached at present a population of around500millions.Thesuccessofthedogstobecomeoneofthemostimportant partners of humankind is mainly based on some peculiar abilities, which helped themandhumanstosurviveinmanysituations: H.Mehlhorn(*) DepartmentofParasitology,HeinrichHeineUniversity,Düsseldorf,Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany e-mail:[email protected] C.Strube InstituteforParasitology,CentreforInfectionMedicine,UniversityofVeterinaryMedicine Hannover,Hannover,Niedersachsen,Germany e-mail:[email protected] ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicenseto 1 SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021 C.Strube,H.Mehlhorn(eds.),DogParasitesEndangeringHumanHealth, ParasitologyResearchMonographs13, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53230-7_1
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