DOCUMENT RESUME ED 086 919 CG 008 591

852 Pages·2007·19.92 MB·English

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 086 919
CG 008 591
TITLE
Proper and Improper Use of Drugs by Athletes.
Hearings Before the Subcommittee to Investigate
Juvenile Delinquency..
INSTITUTION
Congress of the U.S., Washington, D.C. Senate
Committee on the Judiciary.
PUB DATE
73
NOTE
867p.
EDRS PRICE
MF-$0.65 HC-$29.61
DESCRIPTORS
*Athletes; Conference Reports; Delinquency; *Drug
Abuse; *Drug Education; Drug Legislation;
*Investigations; *Medical Research
ABSTRACT
These hearings on the proper and improper use of
drugs by athletes before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee to Investigate
Juvenile Delinquency include testimonies by athletes, trainers,
physicians, researchers, and representatives of national athletic
associations; supplementary articles on drugs; extensive information
on drugs used and abused by athletes; a glossary of drug-related
terms; and a bibliography on drugs and their abuse. (LKP)
US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
EDUCATION & WELFARE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
EDUCATION
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO
DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM
THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN
A TiNG IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS
STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE
SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
EDUrATION POSITION OR POLICY
NOTICE
SCOPE OF INTEREST
assigned
The ERIC Facility has
coning
this document for
to
Is document
In our judgement, t
the clearing-
is also of interest t_
the right. Index-
houses noted to
their special
ing should reflect
points of view.
cr,
1+;- PROPER AND
IMPROPER USE OF DRUGS
co
BY ATHLETES
HEARINGS
BEFORE THE
SUBCOMMITTEE TO
INVESTIGATE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
OF THE
COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
UNITED STATES SENATE
NINETY -THIRD CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
Pursuant to
S. Res. 56, Section 12
INVESTIGATION OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN
THE UNITED STATES
INVESTIGATIVE HEARINGS ON THE PROPER AND IMPROPER
USE OF DRUGS BY ATHLETES
JUNE 18 AND JULY 12 AND 13, 1973
Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
91-749
WASHINGTON :
1173
COMMITTEE ON TILE JUDICIARY
(93d Congress)
JAMBS 0. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman
1011N L. M,.CLELLAN, Arkansas
ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska
SAM J. ERVIN, .1n., North Carolina
HIRAM L. FONG, Hawaii
l'HILIP A. HART, Michigan
HUGH SCOTT, Pennsylvania
EDWARI M. KENNEDY, .Massachusetts
STROM THURMOND, South Carolina
BIRCH. 11.1Y1L Indiana
MARLOW W. COOK, Kentucky
QUENTIN N. BURDICK, North Dakota
CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, Ja., Maryland
ROBERT C. BYRD. West Virginia
EDWARD J. GURNEY, Florida
JOHN V. TUNNEV, California
SUBCOMMITTEE To INVESTIGATE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN THE
UNITED STATES
(93d Congress).
BIRCH BAYIL Indiana, Chairman
PIIILIP A, HART, Michigan
MARLOW W. COOK, Kentucky
QUENTIN N. BURDICK, North Dakota
ROMAN L. IIRUSKA, Nebraska
EDWARD NI. Kl?,NNEDY, Massachusetts
HIRAM L. FONG, Hawaii
CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, In., Maryland
\L AT n EA FALCO, Staff Director owl Chief Counsel,
N NI. RECTOR, DCyli y Chief Conned
J 11
Ms. Falco served as staff director and chief counsel to the subcommittee until her resig-
nation un August 21. 1.973.
CONTENTS
ALI'IIA13ETICAL LIST 01? WITNESSES
lilyth, Dr. Carl S., Anhui:in, Physical Education 1)epartnitnt of the Uni-
versity of North (l'arolina; administrator, National Collegiate Athletic
Association, Commit tee on Competitive Safeguards & Medical Aspects of
Page
Sports Invcompaiiiod Hobert
23
13reulder, Itoy S., menthol., Legislative Department, Atuoienn AIedial As-
sociation t;tecomptutied Dr. Doltald L. ('000et.)
it
Brown. Philip, legal; counsel, National Collegiate Athletic Associatieu
Shawnee Nlission, Kansas (accompanied Itohert Pritchard)-_-
(7,,,,iee:lied Athletes in Action, -.Milwaukee,
Cassel, 1)r.
13.us.:(41, tnetnlu
Nis. (accompanied NVali Jones)
Man,
director, Amateur Athletic Unirat, Indianapolis,
taceointelha David (1. lliyenes)
211(1)84
Connally. Harold, former Olympic ehampion--four-time Olympian; track
and tiold each and English teacher at Santa :Monica High School,
California
272
Cooper, Dr. lionald
Anwriean Medic:ft :Association, :Medical Aspects of
Sports Committee; team physician, Oklahoma State 'University (ac-
companied by Roy S. Breddel
5
(Accompanied Hobert Pritchard/
23
1)tter, A. 0..; executive director, Natiooutl Association of Intercollegiate
Athletics, 1:ansas City, :\lo. (accompanied hy Donald Spencer, M.D.)__
2,1.8
Dyer, Michael, member, Concerned Athletes in Action, 1\li1wauk.ec,
(:ti c,annanied
;Jones)
104
Goddard, Dr. loy, chairman, Amateur Athletic Union, Sport 'Medicine
Committee, Indianapolis, Ind. (accompanied David (:3. liveries)
298
Golding, Lawrence A. Ph, I)., Kent. State University, Kent, Ohio
124
Ilanley, Daniel F.,
college physician, 13(nythwin College, Brunswick,
member, International ()lymph Committee's Medical Coin-
mission ._
168
Hart, .Allen, head trainer, Ohio State University (accompanied Hobert
Prii chard) _
23
hart, Edward, former ()lympic sprinter; assistant track coach, University
of California, Berkeley
289
Jones, Wall, executive tfirector, Concerned Aillietes in Action, Milwauke,
\V is. (accompanied by Harold Nelson, Nfichael Dyer, and Dr. Russell
Cassell
104
_National Junior College Athletic
executive director,
George
Killian,
Association, Hutchinson, Kans.
265
lilwatike, Wis.
Nelson, Haold., member, (.`oncertte(1 Athletes in Action,
tneconipanied
Jones)_
104
Pritchard loheri, (.4.;drultin,
National Collegiate Athletic Association,
Drug Elttratin ('ommittee, Shawnee. Nlission, Kansas (arc:imp:tined
be Philip Brown, Dr. Carl S.. Blyth, Allen Hart, .1:anes 1ilkerson and
lir. Donald L. Cooper)
23
ltivtates, David G., president, Amateur Athletic Onion, Indianapolis, Ind.
taecompanled hy Dr. It
1.thlar(1 and 011an Cassell)
298
II., athletic director and chairman, Physical Education
Scott, ,inek. PI:.
Depart tnent, Oberlin College; dirertor, hist it hie for the Study of Sports
anti Society_
'152
Shinniek, l'hllip K., director of athletics, Livingston ('ollego (Ringers),
Brunswick,
N,
1:34
coordinator, Mcdictll Aspects of Sports Committee,
Spencer. 1)1..
I).,te
National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (accompanied A. (i.
Inter)._
NVilkinson. Jaills, National (..'ollegiate Athletic Association, aciminisira-
tive stall. Shawnee :\lission, Kansas; director, national summer youths
sports program .accompanicd Hobert. Pritchard)
23
lv
ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ORGAN] ZAT1ONS REPRESENTED
Page
Anniteur Athletic l7niott, Indianapolis, Ind
298
American Nleclical Association, Medical Aspects of Sports Committee
5
Concerned Athletes in Action, Nlilwatikee, 1"is
104
Instil me for the Study of Spurts & Sociviy, Oakland, Calif
152
International Olympic C:ommit Ice's .Nleilical Commission.
168
National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, Kansas City, Alo
248
National Collegiate Athletic Association, l:milinit tee uti Drug Education,
Shawnee Mission, 1::insas
23
National Junior t'oilege Athletic Association, Hutchinson, Icans
205
CH IWNOLOGICAL LIST 01' WITNESSES
Just: 18, 1973
Cooper, Donald L., M. D., American Medical Association on Nledical
Aspects of Sports; team physician, Oklahoma State University, Still-
water, Okla., (acconqnmied by Roy S. Bredder, meniber of Legislative
Pngo
Department, American Nledical Association)
5
Pritchard, Robert, chairman, National Collegiate Athletic Association's
Drug Education Committee, (accompanied by
Philip Brown,
legal
counsel of NCAA; Dr. Carl S. Blyt h, chairman of the Physical Education
Departnant of the University of North Carolina and administrator of
the NCAA Ovnunittee on Competitive Safeguards and Medical Aspects
of Sports; Allen Hart, head trainer at. Ohio 1:_ltate -University; James
Wilkinson of the NCAA Administrative Staff; and,
Dr. Donald L.
Cooper, team physician at Oklahoma State university)__
23
Jones, Wali, executive director, Concerned Athletes in Action, (accompanied
by Harold Nelson, member; Michael Dyer, member; and 1)r. Russell
Cassel, Ineinber)
104
Golding, Lawrence A., Ph. D., Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
124
JULY 12, 1973
Shinnick, Philip K., director of athletics, Livingston College (Rutgers),
New Brunswick, N..I
134
Scott, Jack, Ph. D., athletic director a. and chairman of the Physical Educa-
tion Departtnent, Oberlin College; Director of the Institute for the Study
of Sports and Society_
152
Hanley, Daniel F., NI.D., college physician, 13owduin College, Brunswick,
memberInternational
Committee's
Olympic
Al edical
Maine ;
Commission
108
Duer, A. 0., exectuive director, National Association of Intercollegiate
Athletics, Kansas City, I\ lo., (accompanied by Donald Spencer, AL D.,
coordinator of the Medical Aspects of Sports Committee, NAIA)
24S
Juts 13, 1973
National Junior College Athletic
George, executive director,
205
lutchinson,
Association,
Olympic champion .four -titre
Harold, former
Olympian;
Omni illy,
track and field coach and English teacher at Santa Monica high School,
272
California
hart, Edward, former Olympic sprinter; assistant track coach, University
289
of California at Berkeley
Itiyenes, David O., president., the Anutteur Athletic Union, (accompanied
by Roy Goddard, M. I)., chairman, AAU Sport. Medicine Committee,
Indianapolis, Ind.; and 011an Cassell, executive director, AAU, Indiana-
poli, Ind.)
29S
LIST OF EXHIBITS
Text, of Senate. Resolution .50, section 12, 93d Congress, first session,
I.
dated February 27, 1973, authorizing expenditures for the subcom-
mittee to investigate juvenile delinquency
3
International
2. Pamphlet
"Doping"
Commit tee
Olympic
entitled,
Medical Commission, Lausanne, 1972
175
I V)
APPENDIX
(Additional Materials Submitted fur the Record)
(A) Diteci Anttst.:
AND SPORTS-NATURE AND EXTENT OF
THE
PROBLEM
Articles, three-part series on drugs in sports by 1311 Gilbert, Sports
Page
1.
Illustrated, June 23, 30: July 7, 1969, pages 64-72, 30-42, 30-35___
329
2. Article, "It's Not how You Play The Gaint, But What Pill You
Take," by Jack Scott, New York Times magazine, October 17, 1972,
pages 40-41, 106-112, 114--Letter to the Editor, New York Times,
"Drugs and Sports Shouldn't. :%lix," November 14, 1971
350
3. Articles, four-part. series on drugs in sports by Sandy Padwe, Newsday,
April 29, 30; May 1, 2, 1973
357
4. Art ides, four-part series on drugs in sports .by Bill Beek, St. Louis
Post-bispatch, June 19, 20, 21, 22, 1973
371
Article, "Use of Drugs By Chargers Under Probe," by Mark Asher,
5.
Washington Post, May 27, 1973, page 1)-1
380
6. Article "Houston Ridge Case A Real Sorry Affair," by Jerry Magee,
\Veekly, July 1973, pages 1, 6
3S7
Pro F0111)1111
Article, "Doping: A Stash Littrature Review," prepared by the staff
7.
if the Student Association for the Study of Hallucinogens, Grass-
roots, June 1973 Supplement, Socio-Cultural, pages 1-6
388
S. Excerpt, "Resolutions Approved for the Year 1972," by the governing
of the American School flealth Association, San Diego,
council
Calif., October 1972, the .huirmd of School Health, February 1973,
volume XLIII, No. 2
396
9. Article, "Athletics and Drugs a Growing Nlenace," by Dave Reznick,
San Francisco Chronicle, March 1, 1972, page 1
39S
10. Article, "College Coaches Warned To Be Alert to Drug Use," by
Gordon S. White, Jr., New York Times January 24, 1971
400
11. Statement, "The Quest for Ergogenie Aids " by William M. Fowler,
Jr., M. I)., AMA Conference on the Medical Aspects of Sports,
Ifouston, Tex., November 26, 1967
401
12. Statement, "Use of Amphetamines and Barhit uiruIe
as Ergogenic
Aids," by Donald L. Cooper, M. I)., AMA Conference on the Medical
Aspects of Sports, New Orleans, La., 1971
410
13. Statement, American Medical Association, "Joint Statement. of Use of
Antifatigne I )rugs in Athlet es," Council on Drugs and the Committee
414
on the Medical Aspects of Sports , Sports Medicine, March 1964____
14. Exec pt "
Drug Use and Abuse," 1iindatuentals of Athletic 'Pr:doing,
,
414
American NIedital Association, 1971, pages 50-54
15. Statement, "The Use and Misuse of Drugs in Sports," the National
At
417
Trainers Assoeiatbm, January 20, 1971
16. Article, "High-School Sports Flunk the 'Saliva Test,' " by Theodore
418.
Irwin, Today's Health, October 1970
17. Article, "The Use of Drugs in
Athletics,''
by William J. Kinnard, Jr.,
0., Maryland State Medical :Tournal ,
August 1970, pages
Ph,
67-6S
423.
IS. Article ''The Use of Drugs in Sports: An Ethical Perspective," inter-
view conducted by Robert. J. Rueter, The Christian Century, April 5,
425
1972, pages 394-30S
19. Article, 'Ile Use and Abuse of Drugs in Athletics," by Robert J.
Murphy, M. D., Ohio State Medical Journal, August 1971, pages
431
737-741
20. Article, "The Struggle against Doping and Its History," by L. Prokop,
\[. I),, journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, volume 10
(1): 45-48, March 1970
436
21. Article, "Drugs in Modern Sports," by Andrew I. Malcolm, M.D.,
Addictions, volume 17(1): 1-9, spring, 1970
440
(VI)
VII
22. Article, "The Use of .Drugs in Athletics," by Gary 0. Buterbaugh,
Page
Ph.D., Maryland State Medical Journal, August 1970, pages 69-70_
443
23. Article, "How 'Spced' Kills Athletic Careers," by William Barry
Furlong, Today's Health, February 1971
445
24. Article, "An Administrator's View of Use and Misuse of Drugs Among
Athletes," by James C. Smith, M.A., the Journal of School Health,
March 1972, volume X LIIL No. 3 450
25. Article, "Drug Use and Abuse in Athletics," by Dr. John Boyer,
t Mete, May 1971, pages 20-23
Amateur
451
26. Letter and attachments to John Rector, deputy chief counsel, Senate
Subcommittee To Investigate Juvenile Delinquency, from John
Erickson, president, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, June 15, 1973_
455
27. Letter and attachment., "Transcript of Proceedings, Drug AbuSe in
Athletics," to John Rector, deputy chief counsel, Senate Subcom-
mittee To Investigate Juvenile Delinquency, from David A. Winston,
California Legislature, Assembly Committee on Health consultant,
March 22,1972
467
2S, Report, "Baseball versus Drugs: An Education and Prevention Pro-
535
gram," Baseball, office of the commissioner, 1971
29. Study, "Marijuana Use Among Athletes," by Lee D. Foreman,
Stanford Law School, May 1971 558
30. Letter and attachments to Senator Birch Bay'', chairman, Senate-
Subcommittee To Investigate Juvenile Delinquency, from Frank P.
Director, Department of Health, Physical Education,
Bolden,
Athletics and Safety, Public Schools of the District of Columbia,
570
July 16,1973
(13) l)iwos ABUSED BY ATHLETESAMPHETAMINES, STEROIDS
AND' OTHERS
1. Article, "A Rational Approach to Drug Abuse Prevention," by Samuel
Irwin, Ph. D., Contemporary Drug Problems, spring 1973, reprinted
573
in Grassroots, October 1973 Supplement
2. Article, "Amphetamines: A Dangerous Illusion," by George R. Edison,
M.D., Annals of Internal Medicine, volume 74, No. 4, April 1971,
594
reprinted in Grassroots, .January 1973 supplement
3. Pamphlet, "Speed Kills! The Amphetamine Abuse Problem," by the
staff of the Amphetamine Research Project, Department of Phar-
macology of the University of California Medical Center, San Fran-
cisco, published by American Social Health Association, August
601
1969
4. Statement of former amphetamine abusers at. hearings before the Senate
Subcommittee To Investigate Juvenile Delinquency on "Ampheta-
609
mine Legislation, 1971," July 15,1971, pages 129-140
5. Statement of Richard Hartig, director, Topic House, and former am-
phetamine abusers at hearings before the Senate Subcommittee To
"Diet Pill (Amphetamines)
Investigate Juvenile Delinquency,
OD
617
Traffic, Abuse and Regulation," February 7,1972, pages 111-121
Description of the Individuals
6. Article, "Amphetamine Psychosis: I.
and Process," by E. H. EllinwoodIr., M.D., Journal of Psychedelic
625
Drugs, pages 42-51, volume 2, No. 2, spring 1969
Article, "Amphetamine Psychosis: H. Theoretical Implications," by
7,
NI.D., Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, pages
11. Ellinwood, .Jr.,
E.
636
52-59. volume 2, No. 2, spring 1969
8. Article, "Introduction to Amphettunine Abuse," by John C. Kramer,
M.D., Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, pages 8-13, volume 2, No. 2,
644
spring 1989
9. Article, "The True Speed Trip: Schizophrenia," by Solomon H.
650
Snyder, Psychology Today, pages 42-46,74-75, January 1972
10. Excerpt., "Amphetamine," The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,
fourth edition, the MacMillan Co., first printing 1970, chapter 24,
657
pages 501-23
11. Study, "Amphetamine Sulfate and Alitletic Performance," by Gene M.
Smith, Ph.D. and Henry K. Beecher, M.D., Journal of the American
Medical Association, volume 170, No. 5, pages 542-557, May 30,
682
1959
VIII
12. Study, "Amphetamine, Scobarbital, and Athletic Performance," by
time M. Smith, Ph.D., and I leury K. Beecher, M.D., Journal of the
rage
American Aledical Association, Volume 172, No. 14, pages 1502-1514,
April 2, 1960
707
13. Study, "Atnphetamine. Secobarbital. and Athletic Performance," by
Gene NI. Sinith, Ph.D., and Ilenry K. Beecher, M.D., Journal of the
American Aledical Association, volume 172, No. IS, pages I623, 1629,
April 9, 1960
725
14. Article, "Pill Popping and Performance," by Daniel le. Ilanley, M.D.,
(Medical Aspects of the. Olympic (;antes) `Modern Medicine, June 26,
736
1972, pages 81-84
15. Study, "The Effect of d-Amphetamine Sulfate on Physical Perform-
ance," by Lawrence A. (Iolding and James R. Barnard, the Journal
of Sports Alediine and Physical Fitness, volume 3, No. 4, pages
221-224, December 1903 740
16. Study, "Effect of Amphettimine Sulfate on Athletic Performance.,"
by Peter V, Karpovich, \I.1)., Journal of the American Medical
Association, volume 170, No. 5, pages 558-561, Alay 30, 1959
746
17. Study, "The Influence of Amphetamine (13ettezedrine) Sulfate,
el-
(Pervitin), and Caffeine Upon
Desoxyephedrine Hydrochloride
WOO, Output mill Recovery \Vhen Rapidly Exhausting Work is
Done by Trained Subjects," by E. E. Foltz, AI. S. NI.D.: A. C. Ivy,
M.D.: and C. J. Barborka. NI.S., AI. D., D.Se., the Journal
of Laboratory mid Clinieal Medicine, pages 603-606
751
18. Study, "An Improv,ed Method for Detection of Some Stimulants,
Antihistamines, and Local anesthetics in Urine front Athletes,"
by J. W. Steele, NI. Boland, and J. K. Eyoflson, Canadian Journal
of Pliamacentical Scionei.s, volume 5, XII. 4. 1970, pages 107 -111 _ _
753
19. Excerpt, 'Me Doping of Athletes," Comments, the Medical Journal
of Australia, pages 39-40lanuary 8, 1972
760
by Ann
20. Article, "Even Alllateur Athletes Using Speed, Steroids.
Niel:eat ters, Scripps -1 oward staff writer, Cineinnati, Ohio Post &
Times-Star, luly 13, 1973
762
21. Article, ''NCAA Plans Tests for Drugs," by eleorge Kentera, News
Washington Bureau, Detroit, Miele., News, June 14, 1973_
763
22. Article. "Urine Tests Off for Now; Rozelie Introduces Plan," by
Bruce Lewitt, Associated Press spirts writer, Kentucky, Ontrier-
Journal, June 27, 1973_
7114
23. Article, " \Vali Jones Tells Senate Body Pressure Can Mount Drug
l'se," by Bill Peterson, Courier-Journal stall writer, Kentucky,
Courier-Journal, June 19, 1973
765
24. Article, "NCAA Plans Screening for Drug Abuse," by Nancy Scannell,
Washington Post staff writer, Washington Post, June 19, 1973
766
25. Article, "Drugs and the Single - Minded Athlete," by Mike Roberts,
but
Washington Star-News, July 1'3, 1973
767
26. Article, "Hill Panel Told of Extent of Pill Use," by Nancy Seannell,
Washington Post staff writer, Washington Post, July 13, 1973
768
27. Article, "AA U Opposes Drug Screening, ' by Nancy Scannell, Wash-
ington Post staff writer, Washington Post, July 14, 1973
769
28. Excerpt, "Androgens and Anabolic Steroids," by E. B. As) wood, the
Pharmacohtgical Basis of Therapeutics, Fourth Edition, chapter 70,
pages 1566-1580
770
29. Excerpt, "Drugs and Iltirnumes,' by Lawrence A. (Iolding, Ergcaeenie
Aids and Muscular Performance, chapter 13, 1972, pages 367-397_ _
L 787
30. Article, "High-Ho, High-Ho, It's Off to Lift. We Go," by Herman
Weiskopf, Sports Illustrated, September 28, 1970, pages 63-64, 66_
818
31. Article, "Anabolic Steroids: Doctors Denounce Them, but Athletes
Aren't Listening," by Nicholas Wade, Science, June 30, 1972, vol-
ume 176, No. 4042
820
32. Article, "Breakfast of Champions," Medicine, Newsweek, December
29, 1969, page 37
823