Doctor of Philosophy Doctor of Philosophy

145 Pages·2017·14.07 MB·English

DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE
INVESTIGATION OF A BOOST CONVERTER BASED

MPPT CONTROLLER FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

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Submitted to the

G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology
Pantnagar – 263145 (U. S. Nagar), Uttarakhand, INDIA

By

Vibhu Jately
M.S. (Electrical Engineering)

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF

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(Electrical Engineering)

January, 2017
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The tenure of human in this world is supported by many others. Acknowledgement for
a few might be just a trifle written on a piece of paper. Nevertheless, in the true essence, it
gives us an opportunity to remember and express our feelings to those, whom we love, revere
and share our secrets. Here I get a great chance to express my token of thanks to people who in
a way helped and supported me to complete this record.
It is my sublime duty to express my deepest sense of gratitude and veneration to
Dr. Sudha Arora, Professor & Head, Department of Electrical Engineering and Chairperson
of my Advisory Committee for her sincere exhortation, indelible inspiration, constant
encouragement and constructive criticism, meticulous guidance and sustained interest,
immense patience and supporting attitude throughout the investigation of the present research
problem and preparation of this manuscript.
I express my deep sense of reverence and indebtedness to the esteemed members of my
Advisory Committee, Dr. R. P. S. Gangwar, Professor and Head, Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering, Dr. Ajay Srivastava, Professor, Department of Electrical
Engineering and Dr. Sanjay Mathur, Professor, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, for their valuable suggestions and eternal encouragement at
various stages of the investigation and thesis writing.
It is my privilege to express my heartiest regards and sincere thanks to the faculty
members Dr. A. K. Swami, Dr. S. K. Goel, Dr. Ravi Saxena, Mr. Abhishek Yadav,
Mr. Rajiv Singh, Mr. H. S. Rawat, Mr. Sunil Singh, Mr. Shobhit Gupta and other faculties
of the Department of Electrical Engineering for their cooperation and support throughout my
degree programme. The help received from the technical staff of the Department of
Electrical Engineering and that from Mr. Ganesh Tewari, Mr. Karim Mohammad Ansari
and Mr. Bal Khila of the CoE laboratory is acknowledged.
I express my gratefulness to Dr. N. S. Murty, Dean, College of Post Graduate Studies
and Dr. H. C. Sharma, Dean, College of Technology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture
and Technology, Pantnagar for providing facilities during the course of the investigation.
A special word of appreciation is due to my friends Puneet Joshi and Peeyush Kala,
Research Scholars in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. Neeraj Bisht, Assistant
Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Ankur Saxena, Dr. Abhinav
Sharma, Kuldeep Panwar, Hitendra Pal Gangwar, Ajit Singh, Arvind Kumar, Kamal
Rawat,, Rahul Kshetri, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Sushil Kumar Choudhary, Amit Rabha,
Avikal Sir, for their constant support and encouragement during my research work.
The amusing company and cooperation from my fellows Hitesh Joshi, Jyoti Joshi,
Kanchan Matiyali, Brij Kishor, T. C. Singh and many others whose names I could have
missed will always be remembered.
I am thankful to College of Technology, for awarding me TEQIP-II Fellowship
during the course of my Doctoral degree programme. The author is indebted to Centre of
Excellence (CoE) for providing the equipment necessary for the completion of this research
work. This list is obviously incomplete but allow me to submit that the omissions are
inadvertent and I once again record my heartfelt gratitude to all those who cooperated me in
this endeavour.

Pantnagar (Vibhu Jately)
January, 2017 Author
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled "DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT
AND PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF A BOOST CONVERTER
BASED MPPT CONTROLLER FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS"
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy with major in Electrical Engineering and minor in
Electronics and Communication Engineering of the College of Post-Graduate
Studies, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, is a
record of bona fide research carried out by Mr. Vibhu Jately, Id. No. 44206
under my supervision and no part of the thesis has been submitted for any other
degree or diploma.
The assistance and help received during the course of this investigation
have been acknowledged.

Pantnagar (Sudha Arora)
January, 2017 Chairperson
Advisory Committee
CERTIFICATE

We, the undersigned, Members of Advisory Committee of
Mr. Vibhu Jately, Id. No. 44206, a candidate for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy with major in Electrical Engineering and minor in
Electronics and Communication Engineering, agree that the thesis entitled
" DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION
OF A BOOST CONVERTER BASED MPPT CONTROLLER FOR
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS ", may be submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the degree.

(Sudha Arora)
Chairperson
Advisory Committee

(R. P. S. Gangwar) (Ajay Srivastava) (Sanjay Mathur)
Member Member Member

(Head, Deptt. of EE)
Ex-Officio Member
CONTENTS
S. No. Title Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Framework
1.2. Latest PV Technologies
1.3. PV System Configurations
1.4. Thesis Motivations
1.5. Thesis Objectives
1.6. Thesis Limitations
1.7. Tools used
1.8. Thesis outline
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Problem at Hand
2.2. Review of some selected research articles
2.2.1. Advancement in solar cells technologies and the reliability
and control issues in PV systems
2.2.2. Design of DC-DC boost converter
2.2.3. Review related to MPPT techniques for rapidly changing
environmental conditions
2.2.4. Recently developed MPPT techniques for partial shading
conditions
2.3. Area of improvement
3. MATERIAL AND METHODS
3.1. Fundamental Components of PV system
3.1.1. PV Module
3.1.2. DC-DC Converter
3.1.3. MPPT Algorithm
3.2. Basics of a PV cell
3.3. Stand-alone PV system
3.4. Important Parameters of a solar cell
3.5. Causes for Reduction in Performance/Efficiency of PV cell
3.5.1. Effect of Irradiance
3.5.2. Effect of Temperature
3.5.3. Mismatch in Solar cells
3.5.3.1. Mismatch in series connection
3.5.3.2. Mismatch in parallel connection
3.6. Mathematical Modelling of PV cell
3.7. DC-DC Converter
3.8. Customized Design of Boost Converter
3.8.1. Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM)
3.8.2. Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM)
3.9. Converter component selection
3.9.1. Selection of the Semiconductor Switch
3.9.2. Selection of Boost Inductor
3.9.3. Selection of the Diode
3.9.4. Selection of the Boost Capacitor
3.10. Role of Boost Converter for MPPT
3.11. Proportional Integral Controller
3.11.1. Proportional Controller
3.11.2. Integral Controller
3.11.3. Tuning of P-I Controller
3.12. Some Commonly used MPPT Techniques
3.12.1. MPPT techniques based on linear association between
parameters of the solar panel
3.12.1.1. Constant reference voltage method
3.12.1.2. Short-circuit current PV generator method
3.12.2. Overview of Hill-Climbing based MPPT Techniques
3.12.2.1. Perturb and Observe Algorithm
3.12.2.2. Incremental Conductance Algorithm
3.12.2.3. Incremental Resistance Algorithm
3.12.3. MPPT based on Modified Hill-Climbing Techniques
3.12.3.1. DELTA Perturb and Observe Algorithm
3.12.3.2. DELTA Incremental Conductance Algorithm
3.12.3.3. DRIFT-FREE Perturb and Observe Algorithm
3.13. Proposed Dual-Tracking MPPT Technique for rapidly changing
atmospheric conditions
3.14. Proposed GMPPT Technique under partial shading conditions
3.15. Experimental Setup
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Simulation and Experimental Results of the Boost Converter
4.2. Simulation results comparing conventional and modified MPPT
techniques under rapidly changing environmental conditions
4.3. Simulation results comparing the proposed Dual-Tracking MPPT
technique with the conventional and modified hill-climbing
based MPPT techniques under rapidly changing atmospheric
conditions
4.4. Experimental validation and comparison of the previously
simulated MPPT techniques under rapidly changing irradiance
4.5. Experimental results comparing conventional and the proposed
GMPPT technique under partial shading conditions
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
LITERATURE CITED
VITA
ABSTRACT
LIST OF TABLES

S. No. Title Page No.

Table 1.1 Solar Power Potential in India, 2016
Table 3.1 Specifications of PV Panel at STC
Table 3.2 Components used to develop the experimental setup
Table 4.1 Specifications of PV Panel at STC
Table 4.2 Qualitative comparison of the six MPPT techniques for a
sudden change in irradiance
Table 4.3 Qualitative comparison of the six MPPT techniques for a
gradual change in irradiance
Table 4.4 Qualitative comparison of the six MPPT techniques for a
sudden change in temperature
Table 4.5 Qualitative comparison of the seven MPPT techniques for a
sudden change in irradiance
Table 4.6 Qualitative comparison of the seven MPPT techniques for a
gradual change in irradiance
Table 4.7 Qualitative comparison of the seven MPPT techniques for a
sudden change in temperature
Table 4.8 Quantitative comparative table indicating efficiency for
different irradiance levels
Table 4.9 Qualitative comparison of seven MPPT techniques, based on
experimental results
Table 4.10 Quantitative comparative table indicating efficiency for
different irradiance levels
Table 4.11 Quantitative comparative table indicating average steady
state power oscillations for different irradiance levels
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title Page No.
1.1 Energy consumption of India, 2016
1.2 Global energy consumption of the world, 2016
1.3 Solar PV system configurations
1.4 I-V and P-V characteristic of a PV cell
1.5 Characteristic resistance for maximum power transfer
2.1 I-V and P-V characteristic of a solar cell at a particular
irradiance and temperature
3.1 Block Diagram of a stand-alone PV system configuration
3.2 Inefficient configuration of a PV system
3.3 Efficient configuration of a PV system
3.4 Typical I-V characteristic of a solar cell
3.5 Equivalent circuit of a solar cell
3.6 I-V Characteristics for different irradiance levels
3.7 P-V Characteristics for different irradiance levels
3.8 I-V Characteristics for different temperature levels
3.9 P-V Characteristics for different temperature levels
3.10 I-V curve under partial shading condition
3.11 P-V curve under partial shading condition
3.12 Circuit diagram of dc-dc boost converter
3.13 Mode1 circuit diagram
3.14 Mode2 circuit diagram
3.15 Boost Converter with PV input voltage
3.16 Block diagram of boost converter with duty control
3.17 Experimental Setup of Boost Converter
3.18 Flowchart of Perturb and Observe Algorithm