DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Eukaryotes PDF
Preview DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Eukaryotes
DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Eukaryotes BASIC UFE SCIENCES Alexander Hollaender, General Editor Associated Universities, Inc. Washington, D.C. Volume 1 • GENE EXPRESSION AND ITS REGULATION Edited by F. T. Kenney, B. A. Hamkalo, G. Favelukes, and J. T. August Volume 2 • GENES, ENZYMES, AND POPULATIONS Edited by A. M. Srb Volume 3 • CONTROL OF TRANSCRIPTION Edited by B. B. Biswas, R. K. Mandai, A. Stevens, and W. E. Cohn Volume 4 • PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS OF REPRODUCTION (Parts A and BI Edited by E. M. Coutinho and F. Fuchs Volume 5 • MOLECULAR MECHANISMS FOR REPAIR OF DNA (Parts A and BI Edited by P. C. Hanawalt and R. B. Setlow Volume 6 • ENZYME INDUCTION Edited by D. V. Parke Volume 7 • NUTRITION AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT Edited by N. Scrimshaw and M. Behar Volume 8 • GENETIC DIVERSITY IN PLANTS Edited by Amir Muhammed, Rustem Aksel, and R. C. von Borstel Volume 9 • GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR NITROGEN FIXATION Edited by Alexander Hollaender, R. H. Burris, P. R. Day, R. W. F. Hardy, D. R. Helinski, M. R. lamborg, l. Owens, and R. C. Valentine Volume 10. LIMITATIONS AND POTENTIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION IN THE TROPICS Edited by Johanna Dobereiner, Robert H. Burris, Alexander Hollaender, Avilio A. Franco, Carlos A. Neyra, and David Barry Scott Volume 11 • PHOTOSYNTHETIC CARBON ASSIMILATION Edited by Harold W. Siegelman and Geoffrey Hind Volume 12. GENETIC MOSAICS AND CHIMERAS IN MAMMALS Edited by Liane B. Russell Volume 13 • POLYPLOIDY: Biological Relevance Edited by Walter H. Lewis Volume 14. GENETIC ENGINEERING OF OSMOREGULATION: Impact on Plant Productivity for Food, Chemicals, and Energy Edited by D. W. Rains, R. C. Valentine, and Alexander Hollaender Volume 15 • DNA REPAIR AND MUTAGENESIS IN EUKARYOTES Edited by W. M. Generoso, M.D. Shelby, and F. J. deSerres Volume 16 • DEVELOPMENT AND NEUROBIOLOGY OF DROSOPHILA Edited by O. Siddiqi, P. Babu, Linda M. Hall, and Jeffrey C. Hall A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Eukaryotes EDITED BY WM.GENEROSO Oak Ridge National Laboratories Oak Ridge, Tennessee M.D. SHELBY AND E J. DE SERRES National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park, North Carolina PLENUM PRESS· NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Symposium on DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Eukaryotes, Atlanta, 1979. DNA repair and mutagenesis in eukaryotes. (Basic life sciences; v. 15) "Proceedings of the Symposium on DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Eukaryotes, sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and held in Atlanta, Georgia, June 25-29,1979." Includes index. 1. Deoxyribonucleic acid repair-Congresses. 2. Mutagenesis-Congresses. I. Generoso, W. M. II. Shelby, Michael D. III. De Serres, Frederick J. IV. National Institute of En vironmental Health Sciences. V. Title. [DNLM: 1. DNA repair-Congresses. 2. Muta tion-Congresses. 3. Cells-Congresses. W3 BA255 v. 15 1979/QH467 S989d 1979] QH467.S95 1979 574.87'3282 80-18743 ISBN 978-1-4684-3844-4 ISBN 978-1-4684-3842-0 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-1-4684-3842-0 Proceedings of the Symposium on DNA Repair and Mutagenesis in Eukaryotes, sponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and held in Atlanta, Georgia, June 25-29, 1979. © 1980 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1980 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street, New Y or k, N. Y. 10011 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher FOREWORD Not many years ago most discussion of mutation induction by physical and chemical agents concentrated on the initial lesions induced in the DNA with the implicit assumption that once the lesions were made they were converted almost automatically to mutations by relatively simple processes associated with DNA replication. The discovery of a variety of enzymatic processes that can repair these lesions, the great increase in our understanding of the molecular steps involved in repair, replication, and recombination, and the increasing availability of cells with genetic defects in these pro cesses have led to the realization that mutation induction is a far more complex process than we originally thought. Repair systems can remove lesions before they can be converted to mutation, they can also convert initial lesions to secondary ones that are them selves mutagenic, and they can remove potentially lethal lesions at the expense of making mutations. The error-avoiding systems asso ciated with replication are themselves complex and may be caused to make mistakes in various ways. These different pathways for mutation production and mutation avoidance are still being worked out in prokaryotes and are less well understood in eukaryotes. This symposium shows, however, that very encouraging progress has been made in the last several years, and the progress is now accelerating. Among eukaryotes, the repair systems are probably best understood in mammals but, as shown by a number of papers in this symposium considerable progress has been made in working them out for those favorite organisms for studying mutation, yeast, Neurospora, and Drosophila. The analysis of the relations between repair and mutagenesis is probably furthest along in yeast but very encouraging progress has been made with the other systems, including mammalian germ cells. These developments are of fundamental importance for under standing the basic mechanisms that cells have developed to protect the integrity of the genome. They are also of great practical interest for our attempts to evaluate the risks to human health and well being of the various physical and chemical agents which are the result of the activities of modern society. Various prokaryotic and v FOREWORD eukaryotic systems, including especially those discussed in this symposium, are now in widespread use for the identification and evaluation of such risks. The confidence with which we extrapolate from such laboratory test systems to humans depends on how similar we believe the mutagenic mechanisms to be. It is becoming clear that the simple assumption that mutagenic mechanisms are the same in all cells and organisms is incorrect. Only by becoming much more familiar with the mutagenic processes in our various test systems can we judge with confidence how serious the variations between test systems may be and know which features they share with the human cells of interest. The hope of advancing from the largely empirical procedures of today to a science firmly based on molecular and cellular principles depends upon developments in the enzymology of mutagenesis. This symposium by bringing together workers in this field should accelerate our progress in this direction. R. F. KIMBALL PREFACE The role of DNA repair processes in modifying radiation-induced genetic damage in eukaryotic organisms was the major subject of a conference held in Leiden, The Netherlands in 1962. The proceedings of that conference were published a year later (Repair from Genetic Radiation Damage and Differential Radiosensitivity in Germ Cells, F. H. Sobels, Ed., The MacMillan Company, New York, 1963) and became an important source of information on the subject. There has been much progress since 1962, particularly in the understanding of the molecular nature of repair processes and their role in mutation induction. Although many are aware of this progress, there has been no comprehensive compilation of information on the relationship between repair and mutation induction in eukaryotes in recent years. Because progress in repair biochemistry and basic mutagenesis a~e closely linked, it seemed essential not only to convene many of the active researchers in this field in a forum for the review and exchange of research results in eukaryotic organisms from fungi to man but also to produce a publication based on such a meeting. Thus, a conference, supported through funds from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, was organized and held in Atlanta, Georgia on June 25-28, 1979. The conference was attended by 64 researchers from Argentina, England, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Switzerland, and the USA. The success of this meeting is attributable to the enthusiasm of the participants and the high quality of their research and presenta tions. We believe that this book, which contains the proceedings of the conference, truly reflects on the many exciting new develop ments in repair and mutagenesis and will provide an important reference in this rapidly advancing field of biology. W. M. Generoso M. D. Shelby F. J. de Serres ~i CONTENTS SECTION I REVIEWS Chapter I Relationship Between Repair Processes and Mutation Induction in Bacteria R. F. Kimball • • • • • • • • • • I Chapter 2 Role of Cellular Systems in Modifying the Response to Chemical Mutagens B. Strauss, K. N. Ayres, K. Bose, P. Moore, R. Sklar, and K. Tatsumi 25 Chapter 3 DNA Repair Pathways R. B. Setlow 45 SECTION II LOWER EUKARYOTES A. Neurospora crassa Chapter 4 Mutagen-Sensitive Mutants in Neurospora Alice L. Schroeder and Loree D. Olson 55 Chapter 5 Nucleases and Their Control in Wild-Type and nuh Mutants of Neurospora --- M. J. Fraser, T. Y.-K. Chow, and K. Kafer. 63 Chapter 6 Mutation-Induction in Repair-Deficient Strains of Neurospora Frederick J. de Serres • • • • • • • • • • 75 B. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chapter 7 Genetic and Physiological Factors Affecting Repair and Mutagenesis in Yeast Jeffrey F. Lemontt ••••••••. 85 ix x CONTENTS Chapter 8 Molecular Mechanism of Pyrimidine Dimer Excision in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Studies with Intact Cells and Cell-Free Systems Richard J. Reynolds and Errol C. Friedberg 121 Chapter 9 Genetic Analysis of Error Prone Repair Systems in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Louise Prakash and Satya Prakash • • • • • • 141 Chapter 10 DNA Repair and Mutagen Interaction in Saccharomyces: Theoretical Considerations R. C. von Borstel and P. J. Hastings • • • 159 Chapter 11 Repair and Mutagenesis in Lower Eukaryotes: A Summary and Perspective Herman E. Brockman • • • • • • • • • • • • • 169 SECTION III DROSOPHILA Chapter 12 Isolation and Characterization of Repair Deficient Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster P. Dennis Smith, Ronald D. Snyder, and Ruth L. Dusenbery • • • • • • •• 175 Chapter 13 Effects of Recombination-Deficient and Repair Deficient Loci on Meiotic and Mitotic Chromosomes Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster Bruce S. Baker, Maurizio Gatti, Adelaide T. C. Carpenter, Sergio Pimpinelli, and David A. Smith • • • • • • • • • • • •• 189 Chapter 14 Biochemical Characterization of Repair-Deficient Mutants of Drosophila James B. Boyd, Paul V. Harris, Christopher J. Osgood, and Karen E. Smith • 209 Chapter 15 Mutation Induction in Repair-Deficient Strains of Drosophila F. E. WUrgler and U. Graf ••••••••• 223 Chapter 16 Repair and Mutagenesis in Drosophila: A Summary and Perspective M. M. Green • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 241 SECTION IV MAMMALIAN SOMATIC CELLS Chapter 17 Relationship of DNA Lesions and Their Repair to Chromosomal Aberration Production Michael A Bender ••• • • • • • • • • • • 245 CONTENTS xi Chapter 18 Relationship of DNA Repair and Chromosome Aberrations to Potentially Lethal Damage Repair in X-irradiated Mammalian Cells A. J. Fornace, Jr., H. Nagasawa, and J. B. Little . . . . . . . . . . . .. 267 Chapter 19 Chromosome Aberration Formation and Sister Chromatid Exchange in Relation to DNA Repair in Human Cells Masao S. Sasaki . 285 Chapter 20 'DNA Repair Process Can Alter the Frequency of Mutations Induced in Diploid Human Cells J. Justin McCormick and Veronica M. Maher 315 Chapter 21 Ultraviolet Light Induction of Diphtheria Toxin Resistant Mutations in Normal and DNA Repair Deficient Human and Chinese Hamster Fibroblasts James E. Trosko, Roger S. Schultz, C. C. Chang, and Torn Glover . . • . .• 323 Chapter 22 Mutation Induction in a Radiation-Sensitive Variant of Mammalian Cells Koki Sato . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. 343 Chapter 23 Repair of Human DNA in Molecules that Replicate or Remain Unreplicated Following Ultraviolet Irradiation Raymond Waters . . 349 Chapter 24 DNA Repair in Nuclei Isolated from HeLa Cells Umberto Bertazzoni, Carmen Attolini, and Miria Stefanini . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 357 Chapter 25 Repair and Induction of Chromosome Aberrations and Point Mutations in Mammalian Somatic Cells: A Summary and Perspective Sheldon Wolff . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 367 SECTION V MOUSE GERM CELLS Chapter 26 Relationship Between Unscheduled DNA Synthesis and Mutation Induction in Male Mice Gary A. Sega . . . . . . . • • . . 373 Chapter 27 Radiation- and Drug-Induced DNA Repair in Mammalian Oocytes and Embryos Roger A. Pedersen and Brigitte Brandriff . . 389
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