DK findout! Animals PDF
Preview DK findout! Animals
Animals Author: Andrea Mills Consultant: Dr. Katie Parsons Contents Editor Olivia Stanford Designer Lucy Sims 4 What is an animal? Project art editor Joanne Clark Senior editor Gill Pitts US Senior editor Shannon Beatty 6 Vertebrates Managing editor Laura Gilbert Managing art editor Diane Peyton Jones 8 Mammals Picture research Surya Sarangi Pre-production producer Nadine King Producer Srijana Gurung 10 Where mammals live Art director Martin Wilson Publisher Sarah Larter Publishing director Sophie Mitchell 12 Birds Educational consultant Jacqueline Harris 14 Reptiles First American Edition, 2016 Published in the United States by DK Publishing 16 Amphibians 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 Copyright © 2016 Dorling Kindersley Limited DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC 18 Fish 16 17 18 19 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 001–291664–Sept/2016 20 Invertebrates All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or 22 Insects introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the 24 What is a habitat? copyright owner. Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN: 978-1-4654-5426-3 DK books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special x Markets, 345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 o [email protected] Cat d f e R Printed and bound in China A WORLD OF IDEAS: SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW www.dk.com Giant rain forest mantis 2 Butterfly 26 Types of habitat 48 Baby animals 28 Deep and dark 50 Deadly animals 30 Animal homes 52 Meet the expert 32 Adaptation 54 Animals and us 34 Teeth 56 Animal facts and figures 36 Food chains 58 Top animals 38 Hunting 60 Glossary 40 Defenses 62 Index Tara n tula 42 Camouflage 64 Acknowledgments 44 Attracting mates 46 Life cycle of a frog L e o pard tortoise a Goldfish rill o G ot r r a P F i re salamander 3 What is an animal? Millions of different types of Breathing animal live on Earth. Each kind of animal is known as a species. All animals need oxygen to survive. They get Whether they are as tiny as an it either by breathing air or by absorbing ant or as big as an elephant, all oxygen from water into their body. Dolphins live in water and breathe air through the animals have a few things in blowhole on top of their head. common. For example, animals must eat other living things to The toucan’s long bill is survive, unlike plants, which get useful for reaching food. their energy from sunlight. Feeding Animals can also move from place to place, whereas plants cannot. Animals get their energy from food. Many are carnivores, which means they eat meat. Others are herbivores, which means they eat plants. Some animals, called omnivores, eat both animals and plants. Powerful back legs allow grasshoppers to jump Moving 20 times their own body length in a single leap. Animals move around in a variety of ways, including hopping, jumping, running, crawling, slithering, flying, or swimming. Many animals use their legs to move, but others may use wings or fins. 4 Many animals are able to send messages to each other. This is called communication. They may use their voice, their face, and their body to communicate. Monkeys, like this mandrill, can scream a warning, while many birds have their own special song. Some animals, such as g beetles, use chemical scents n to send a message. i t a c i n u m m o C Reproducing Reptiles use their tongues to smell their surrounding s. Some female animals, such as seals, grow their young inside their bellies before giving birth. The babies may stay with their mother for a while to learn how to find food and avoid predators. Other animals, including birds and some reptiles and insects, lay eggs and protect them until the newborns hatch. Sensing If an animal is to stay alive, it is vital for it to be able to sense what is happening around it. The five major senses that animals use are sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Some animals have extra senses and Mother seal Baby seal can detect electricity or even magnetism! 5 Vertebrates Animals with backbones are called vertebrates. They have a bony skeleton under their skin and muscles, which provides a strong framework that supports their body and helps them move. They may look very different at first glance, but all vertebrate skeletons share some features, such as a skull to protect the brain. Mammals have a large brain, which The small bones is protected by of the backbone their hard skull. are called Mammals vertebrae. Only mammals have a lower jaw that is hinged directly to the skull. They also have specialized teeth, which means that they can bite, grip, tear, cut, chew, and grind their food. The planet’s largest animals belong to this group, including whales, elephants, and tigers. Fish The first vertebrates were fish. Most fish, including carp, have a hard, bony The rib cage skeleton. However, sharks provides a and rays have a softer protective casing for the internal skeleton, which is made organs, such as the Car of a flexible material heart and lungs. p skkeleton called cartilage. 6 igeo n s k el e t o n Reptiles Reptiles have highly bendable backbones. Whether they have four legs, like lizards, or no legs at all, like snakes, most Birds reptiles are fast movers and Birds have special bodies that efficient hunters. allow them to fly. Their arms have become wings and their skeleton has strong, but light Lizard skelet bones, which makes flying o n easier. Only birds have feathers, which keep them warm and help them fly. Tigerskeleton Fro g s keleton Amphibians These were the first four-limbed vertebrates to walk on Earth. Their skeletons are a mix of bone and cartilage. Some amphibians, such as frogs, are good at swimming and jumping. Longer back legs allow the tiger to make giant leaps. 7 Mammals From anteaters to zebras, and even humans like you, mammals come in all shapes and sizes. However, all mammals feed their young with milk. Most mammals give birth to live young, and almost all have hair on their body. Warm blood Mammals have a constant body temperature. They produce their own heat to keep warm or sweat to cool down. This means they can be active whether conditions are hot or cold. Fur Only mammals are covered in hair. Many hairs tightly packed together make fur. This protects the skin, and helps to keep the mammal warm and dry. 8
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