Divided brains : the biology and behaviour of brain asymmetries

239 Pages·2013·3.689 MB·English

by  Lesley J Rogers, Giorgio Vallortigara, Richard John Andrew

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Divided Brains
TheBiologyandBehaviourofBrainAsymmetries
Asymmetryofthebrainandbehaviour(lateralization)hastraditionallybeen
considereduniquetohumans.However,researchhasshownthatthis
phenomenoniswidespreadthroughoutthevertebratekingdomandfoundeven
insomeinvertebratespecies.Asimilarbasicplanoforganizationexistsacross
vertebrates.
Summarisingtheevidenceandhighlightingresearchfromthepast20years,the
authorsdiscusslateralizationfromfourperspectives–function,evolution,
developmentandcausation–coveringawiderangeofanimals,including
humans.Theevolutionoflateralizationistracedfromourearliestancestors,
throughfishandreptilestobirdsandmammals.Thebenefitsofhavingadivided
brainarediscussed,aswellastheinfluenceofexperienceonitsdevelopment.A
finalchapterdiscussesoutstandingproblemsandareasforfurtherinvestigation.
Expertsinthisfield,theauthorspresentthelatestscientificknowledgeclearly
andengagingly,makingthisavaluabletoolforanyoneinterestedinthebiology
andbehaviourofbrainasymmetries.
LesleyJ.RogersisEmeritusProfessorattheCentreforNeuroscienceandAnimal
Behaviour,UniversityofNewEngland,Armidale,Australia.AFellowofthe
AustralianAcademyofScience,shehasmadeoutstandingcontributionsto
understandingbraindevelopmentandbehaviour,includingthediscoveryof
lateralizationinthechickforebrainatatimewhenlateralizationwasthoughtto
beuniquetohumans.
GiorgioVallortigaraisProfessorofNeuroscienceattheCentreforMind/Brain
Sciences,UniversityofTrento,Rovereto,Italy.Hisresearchincludesthestudyof
spatialcognitionintheavianbrain,numberandobjectcognitioninanimalsand
lateralizationofcognition.Hediscoveredfunctionalbrainasymmetryintheso-
called‘lower’vertebratespecies.
RichardJ.AndrewisEmeritusProfessorattheSchoolofLifeSciences,University
ofSussex,Brighton,UK.Hehasworkedextensivelyonlateralizedprocessesin
memoryformationinchicks,andonbehaviouraltransitionsduringearly
development.Atpresentheuseszebrafishtoexploretheroleofbrain
asymmetriesinthegenerationoflateralizedbehaviour.
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Divided Brains
The Biology and Behaviour of Brain Asymmetries
Lesley J. Rogers
UniversityofNewEngland,
Armidale,
Australia
Giorgio Vallortigara
UniversityofTrento,
Rovereto,
Italy
Richard J. Andrew
UniversityofSussex,
Brighton,
UK
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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Singapore,SãoPaulo,Delhi,MexicoCity
CambridgeUniversityPress
TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK
PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork
www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107005358
©L.J.Rogers,G.VallortigaraandR.J.Andrew2013
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2013
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata
Rogers,LesleyJ.
Dividedbrains:thebiologyandbehaviourofbrainasymmetries/LesleyJ.Rogers,
GiorgioVallortigara,RichardJ.Andrew.
p. cm.
ISBN978-1-107-00535-8(hardback)
1. Cerebraldominance. 2. Brain–Duality. 3. Brain–Anatomy. I. Vallortigara,
Giorgio. II. Andrew,RichardJohn,1932– III. Title.
QP385.5.R642012
612.802–dc23
2012023177
ISBN978-1-107-00535-8Hardback
ISBN978-0-521-18304-8Paperback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceor
accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredto
inthispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuch
websitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.
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Contents
Listofillustrations pagevi
Preface ix
1 Introduction 1
2 Function 35
3 Evolution 62
4 Development 98
5 Causation 123
6 Applicationsandfuturedirections 153
References 172
Index 218
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Illustrations
1.1 Habenularasymmetryintheconvictcichlidfish. page2
1.2 Monoculartesting. 7
1.3 Frequencydistributionsofasymmetry. 11
1.4 Thepebblefloortask 14
1.5 Tailwaggingmeasurement. 16
1.6 Bottom-upandtop-downinputstothenucleusrotundusinthe
pigeon. 19
1.7 A‘cancellationtask’. 21
1.8 Summaryofleft–rightdifferences. 28
1.9 Lateralizationinbees. 29
2.1 Crossingofnerves. 36
2.2 Wiringofsensorymotorunits. 37
2.3 TheC-startreactionofafish. 40
2.4 Spatialbehaviour. 43
2.5 Dualtask. 45
2.6 ‘Termitefishing’bychimpanzees. 49
2.7 Game-theoreticalmodelofleft–rightproportionsinagroup. 53
2.8 Antennaresponsivenessofbees. 59
2.9 LateralityofTanganyikanscale-eatingcichlid. 60
3.1 Amphioxus,alancelet(Branchiostoma). 63
3.2 Phyletictree. 65
3.3 Haikouellafossils. 66
3.4 Aconodont. 69
3.5 Parietaleyeofalizard. 71
3.6 Humanbrain. 81
3.7 TheslugTriboniophorus. 91
3.8 Histioteuthis,adeep-seasquid. 93
4.1 Chickembryosattwostagesofdevelopment. 103
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ListofIllustrations vii
4.2 Thevisualpathwaysofbirds. 105
4.3 Attackandcopulation. 106
4.4 Visualpathwaysofthepigeon. 108
4.5 AnAustralianBrushTurkey,Alecturalathami. 110
4.6 NestoftheBrazilianRufousHornero(Furnariusrufus). 112
4.7 Eggsofthreespecies. 113
4.8 120
5.1 Sniffingdog. 125
5.2 Australianmagpie,Gymnorhinatibicen,lookingoverhead. 141
5.3 Viewingapredator. 142
6.1 Horsesattacking. 155
6.2 Testinglateralizedauditoryresponsesindogs. 156
6.3 Portraitofagentleman. 169
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Preface
Research on lateralization of brain and behaviour in animals has expanded
rapidly over the past two decades and continues to grow exponentially. The
sameistrueofstudiesonlateralizationinhumans,andtheevidencefromthese
two sources is integrated in this book in a way not previously attempted. We
weremotivatedtowritethisbookbecauseofthewideninginterestinthesubject
and a perceivedneed to make the most up-to-date information availablein a
formthat,wehope,isstimulatingandeasytoread.Sincetherearemanygeneral
texts on cerebral specialization in humans, our chief focus was on left–right
differences in brain and behaviour in non-human animals, with the aim of
bringingtogetherrecentstrikingadvancesarisingfromstudyoflateralization
inthesespeciesandthestateofknowledgeoflateralizationinhumans.
We approached the topic of lateralization from the perspective of
Tinbergen’s four questions (function, evolution, development, causation), to
eachofwhichwehavedevotedonechapter.
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